Negative Pressure Dressings to Prevent Surgical Site Infection After Emergency Laparotomy: The SUNRRISE Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Patients undergoing unplanned abdominal surgical procedures are at increased risk of surgical site infection (SSI). It is not known if incisional negative pressure wound therapy (iNPWT) can reduce SSI rates in this setting.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of iNPWT in reducing the rate of SSI in adults undergoing emergency laparotomy with primary skin closure.

Understanding the reproductive ecology of Macrognathus aculeatus in wetland (Gajner beel) ecosystem: insights into eco-climatic influences in northwestern Bangladesh.

The lesser spiny eel, Macrognathus aculeatus (Bloch, 1786), holds substantial economic importance as a food fish in South Asia, due to its exceptional nutritional value. This study was conducted to investigate the reproductive ecology of M. aculeatus within the Gajner beel wetland ecosystem in northwestern Bangladesh, with a specific focus on size at sexual maturity, spawning season, and fecundity in relation to eco-climatic variables.

Improved Protective Efficacy in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Against Vibrio anguillarum Through Immunization with a Combination of Formalin-Killed and Auxotrophic-Live V. anguillarum.

Vibriosis caused by Vibrio anguillarum has been an important bacterial disease in cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In the present study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of a vaccine that consists of formalin-killed (FK) V. anguillarum and the alr genes knockout auxotrophic-live (AL) V.

Evaluation of developmental toxicity of chlorpyrifos through new approach methodologies: a systematic review.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphorus pesticide of concern because many in vivo animal studies have demonstrated developmental toxicity exerted by this substance; however, despite its widespread use, evidence from epidemiological studies is still limited. In this study, we have collected all the information generated in the twenty-first century on the developmental toxicity of CPF using new approach methodologies. We have critically evaluated and integrated information coming from 70 papers considering human, rodent, avian and fish models.

Integrated analysis of marked and count data to characterize fine-scale stream fish movement.

Immigration and emigration are key demographic processes of animal population dynamics. However, we have limited knowledge on how fine-scale movement varies over space and time. We developed a Bayesian integrated population model using individual mark-recapture and count data to characterize fine-scale movement of stream fish at 20-m resolution in a 740-m study area every two months for 28 months.

Developmental basis of natural tooth shape variation in cichlid fishes.

While most dentate non-mammalian vertebrates possess simple conical teeth, some demonstrate complex tooth shapes. Lake Malawi cichlid fishes are an extreme example of this, exhibiting a myriad of tooth shapes driven by an ecologically derived rapid evolution of closely related but distinct species. Tooth shape in mammals is generally considered to be established by signaling centers called primary and secondary enamel knots, which are not believed to be present in non-mammalian vertebrates.

Early life stage bottleneck determines rates of coral recovery following severe disturbance.

Understanding how foundation species recover from disturbances is key for predicting the future of ecosystems in the Anthropocene. Coral reefs are dynamic ecosystems that can undergo rapid declines in coral abundance following disturbances. Understanding why some reefs recover quickly from these disturbances whereas others recover slowly (or not at all) gives insight into the drivers of community resilience.

[Not Available].

Thermal or burn injuries cause coagulative necrosis of the epidermis and underlying tissues and the resultant wounds can be long lasting and highly painful. Depending on the depth of a burn, management ranges from local wound care to surgical intervention. When presented with deep-partial thickness and full-thickness burns, autologous skin grafting has been the mainstay of management to prevent scarring and promote healing.

Diet quality indicators and organic food consumption in mothers of young children.

Background: The health benefits of organic food provide one reason for consuming it. Various studies have shown that regular organic food consumers (REG eco-con) follow a healthier diet. However, this topic has not been explored in Poland.

Environmental and population influences on mummichog () gut microbiomes.

Unlabelled: The mummichog, , an abundant estuarine fish broadly distributed along the eastern coast of North America, has repeatedly evolved tolerance to otherwise lethal levels of aromatic hydrocarbon exposure. This tolerance is linked to reduced activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling pathway. In other animals, the AHR has been shown to influence the gastrointestinal-associated microbial community, particularly when activated by the model toxic pollutant 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126) and other dioxin-like compounds.

Impact of Glaciers on Trophic Dynamics and Polyunsaturated Fat Accumulation in Southern Greenland Fjord Ecosystems.

The primary production of fjords across the Arctic and Subarctic is undergoing significant transformations due to the climatically driven retreat of glaciers and ice sheets. However, the implications of these changes for upper trophic levels remain largely unknown. In this study, we employ both bulk and compound-specific stable isotope analyses to investigate how shifts at the base of fjord food webs impact the carbon and energy sources of consumers.

Evolutionary Novelties in Bacteria and the Missing Backdrop of the Environment.

Evolutionary novelty has been one of the central themes in the field of evolutionary biology for many years. Structural and functional innovations such as scales in the reptiles, fins in the fishes and mammary glands in the mammals have been the focus of the studies. Insights obtained from these studies have shaped the criterion for the identification of novelty as well as provide the framework for studying novelty.

Predicting the impact of targeted fence removal on connectivity in a migratory ecosystem.

Fencing is one of the most widely utilized tools for reducing human-wildlife conflict in agricultural landscapes. However, the increasing global footprint of fencing exceeds millions of kilometers and has unintended consequences for wildlife, including habitat fragmentation, movement restriction, entanglement, and mortality. Here, we present a novel and quantitative approach to prioritize fence removal within historic migratory pathways of white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) across Kenya's Greater Masai Mara Ecosystem.

Hindcasting Farmed Salmon Mortality to Improve Future Health and Production Outcomes.

Intracellular, free-floating and biofilm-forming bacterial pathogens have been implicated in summer mortality of farmed Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, in New Zealand. A mortality event in 2022 in the Pelorus Sound, Marlborough, was linked to high water temperatures (> 18°C), and bacterial skin disease associated with Piscirickettsia spp. (=Rickettsia-like organisms) and Tenacibaculum species.

Associations Between Delousing Practices and Pasteurellosis in Farmed Atlantic Salmon.

Infections with bacteria of the genus Pasteurella have increased in occurrence in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farms in Norway since 2018. This increase coincides with increased use of non-medicinal treatments against the parasitic salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, in the farms. Here, we analysed the statistical association between the use of non-medicinal delousing methods and pasteurellosis in salmon farming in western Norway, from 2018 to 2023.

The planktonic freshwater ciliate Balanion planctonicum (Ciliophora, Prostomatea): A cryptic species complex or a "complex species"?

The globally distributed ciliate Balanion planctonicum is a primary consumer of phytoplankton spring blooms. Due to its small size (~20 μm), identification and quantification by molecular tools is preferable as an alternative to the laborious counting of specimen in quantitative protargol stains. However, previous sequencing of the 18S rDNA V9 region of B.

TrueSpot: A robust automated tool for quantifying signal puncta in fluorescent imaging.

Characterizing the movement of biomolecules in single cells quantitatively is essential to understanding fundamental biological mechanisms. RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) is a technique for visualizing RNA in fixed cells using fluorescent probes. Automated processing of the resulting images is essential for large datasets.

Enhanced proconvulsant sensitivity, not spontaneous rapid swimming activity, is a robust correlate of loss-of-function in stable mutant and F0 crispant hypopigmented zebrafish expressing GCaMP6s.

Zebrafish models of genetic epilepsy benefit from the ability to assess disease-relevant knock-out alleles with numerous tools, including genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) and hypopigmentation alleles to improve visualization. However, there may be unintended effects of these manipulations on the phenotypes under investigation. There is also debate regarding the use of stable loss-of-function (LoF) alleles in zebrafish, due to genetic compensation (GC).

Single-cell transcriptome analysis of medaka lymphocytes reveals absence of fully mature T cells in the thymus and the T-lineage commitment in the kidney.

The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying lymphocyte development are diverse among teleost species. Although recent scRNA-seq analyses of zebrafish hematopoietic cells have advanced our understanding of teleost hematopoiesis, comparative studies using another genetic model, medaka, which is evolutionarily distant among teleosts, is useful for understanding commonality and species-specificity in teleosts. In order to gain insight into how different molecular and cellular mechanisms of lymphocyte development in medaka and zebrafish, we established a () mutant medaka, which exhibited defects in V(D)J rearrangement of lymphocyte antigen receptor genes, accordingly lacking mature B and T cells.

A case of pulmonary ALK-positive histiocytosis combined with Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome carrying an gene fusion: a case report and literature review.

In this article, we report the first case of a 61-year-old woman who was diagnosed with both nodules and cystic lesions in her lungs. The lung nodules were diagnosed as ALK-positive histiocytosis (APH) carrying an gene fusion, which microscopically displayed a mixed morphology of foamy cells, spindle cells, and Touton's giant cells. Immunohistochemistry showed expression of CD163, CD68, and ALK, while fluorescence hybridization (FISH) with second-generation sequencing (NGS) showed the ALK gene fusion with the FLCN gene variant.

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals a serotype-specific immune response in Nile tilapia () infected with .

is a major causative agent of streptococcosis in Nile tilapia () and understanding its etiology is important to ensure the sustainable development of global tilapia farming. Our research group recently observed contrasting disease patterns in animals infected with two different serotypes (Ib and III). To better understand the basis for these divergent responses, we analyzed the brain transcriptome of Nile tilapia following bacterial exposure.

Morphometric analysis revealed two different Mediterranean horse mackerel () stocks in the Adriatic Sea.

Phenotypical differentiation among individuals of Mediterranean horse mackerel in the Adriatic Sea was investigated through the analysis of several morphometric characters. Overall, 426 individuals of Mediterranean horse mackerels were sampled from the northern, central and southern Adriatic Sea during the summers of 2012 and 2013. Forty-six morphometric characters were measured for each individual and then compared using multivariate techniques (linear discriminant analysis).

Evaluation of longan () peel powder as fruit by-product additive in Nile tilapia () feed: Effects on growth, immunity, and immune-antioxidant gene expressions.

The study, herein, investigated the effects of the inclusion of longan peel (LP) powder in the diet of Nile Tilapia (), focusing on comparative evaluations of growth performance, immunity, and immune-antioxidant related gene expressions. For this purpose, a total of 300 healthy fish (average initial weight: 13.70 ± 0.

Towards a standard application of the Reynolds number in studies of aquatic animal locomotion.

Nondimensional groups of measured quantities enable comparison between measurements of animals under different conditions and comparison between species. One of the most used such group is the Reynolds number, which compares inertial and viscous contributions to forces on swimming animals. This group includes two quantities that are chosen by the researcher: a typical length and speed.

Spatial, environmental and trophic niche partitioning by seabirds in a climate change hotspot.

For similar species to co-occur in places where resources are limited, they need to adopt strategies that partition resources to reduce competition. Our understanding of the mechanisms behind resource partitioning among sympatric marine predators is evolving, but we lack a clear understanding of how environmental change is impacting these dynamics. We investigated spatial and trophic resource partitioning among three sympatric seabirds with contrasting biological characteristics: greater crested terns Thalasseus bergii (efficient flyer, limited diver, and preference for high quality forage fish), little penguins Eudyptula minor (flightless, efficient diver, and preference for high quality forage fish) and silver gulls Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae (efficient flyer, limited diver and generalist diet).