Reciprocal regulation of T follicular helper cells and dendritic cells drives colitis development.

The immunological mechanisms underlying chronic colitis are poorly understood. T follicular helper (T) cells are critical in helping B cells during germinal center reactions. In a T cell transfer colitis model, a lymphoid structure composed of mature dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells was found within T cell zones of colonic lymphoid follicles.

Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of the soft tissue in the left upper arm and a review of the literature: A case report.

Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT) of the soft parts is a mesenchymal neoplasm of uncertain lineage. Fibromyxoid matrix and peripheral metaplastic bone are common histological features of this type of tumor. In the present study, a case of OFMT in a 33-year-old female was reported.

Clinicopathologic features, tumor immune microenvironment and genomic landscape of EBV-related and EBV-unrelated poorly differentiated nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus.

Objectives: Knowledge regarding thymic EBV-related poorly differentiated nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (PDNKSCC), also known as lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC), is extremely limited due to its rarity.

Materials And Methods: This multi-institutional study enrolled 85 patients with thymic PDNKSCC. DNA in situ hybridization was performed to evaluate the EBV status of all 85 cases.

Thymic lipofibroadenomas: Three case reports.

Background: Thymic lipofibroadenomas are extremely rare. In this study, we investigated the clinicopathological characteristics of thymic lipofibroadenomas.

Case Summary: This study included three patients with thymic lipofibroadenomas.

Susceptibility Loci in SLC15A1, UGT1A3, and CWC27 Genes Associated with Bladder Cancer in the Northeast Chinese Population.

Bladder cancer (BCa) is an increasingly severe clinical and public health issue. Therefore, we aim to investigate BCa susceptibility loci in the Chinese population. In this study, 487 BCa patients and 563 controls were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from July 2015 to September 2020.

Multiple Primary Lung Tumors of Different Pathological Types Including Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Adenocarcinoma, and Mixed Squamous Cell and Glandular Papilloma: A Case Report.

Multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) is considered relatively rare. This report presents an unusual case of multiple pulmonary nodules in a 74-year-old man who presented with three independent synchronous tumors in the right upper lobe. The tumors were diagnosed as peripheral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma, and pulmonary mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma (mixed papilloma).

The Role of Ki67 in Evaluating Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy of Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer.

Ki67 is a proliferation marker. It has been proposed as a useful clinical marker for breast cancer subtype classification, prognosis, and prediction of therapeutic response. But the questionable analytical validity of Ki67 prevents its widespread adoption of these measures for treatment decisions in breast cancer.

Generation of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma through transdifferentiation and dedifferentiation in p53-knockout mice.

The two principal histological types of primary liver cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma, can coexist within a tumor, comprising combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA). Although the possible involvement of liver stem/progenitor cells has been proposed for the pathogenesis of cHCC-CCA, the cells might originate from transformed hepatocytes that undergo ductular transdifferentiation or dedifferentiation. We previously demonstrated that concomitant introduction of mutant HRAS (HRAS) and Myc into mouse hepatocytes induced dedifferentiated tumors that expressed fetal/neonatal liver genes and proteins.

ATF4 promotes lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion partially through regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a member of the cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein family and has been reported to participate in cancer progression; however, its molecular mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the function of ATF4 in non-small cell lung cancer and its molecular regulation. We detected cytoplasmic and nuclear ATF4 expression in lung cancer A549, H1299, and LK2 cells, and the total expression of ATF4 was higher than that in HBE cells ( < 0.

Characterization of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signature to evaluate immune features and predict prognosis in glioma.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has considerable impact on cell growth, proliferation, metastasis, invasion, angiogenesis and chemoradiotherapy resistance in various cancers. However, the effect of ER stress on the outcomes of glioma patients remains unclear. In this study, we established an ER stress risk model based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) glioma data set to reflect immune characteristics and predict the prognosis of glioma patients.

The miR-5694/AF9/Snail Axis Provides Metastatic Advantages and a Therapeutic Target in Basal-like Breast Cancer.

Epigenetic deregulation, especially mutagenesis or the abnormal expression of epigenetic regulatory factors (ERFs), plays an important role in malignant tumorigenesis. To screen natural inhibitors of breast cancer metastasis, we adopted small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to transiently knock down 591 ERF-coding genes in luminal breast cancer MCF-7 cells and found that depletion of AF9 significantly promoted MCF-7 cell invasion and migration. A mouse model of metastasis further confirmed the suppressive role of AF9 in breast cancer metastasis.

LOXL2 Upregulation in Gliomas Drives Tumorigenicity by Activating Autophagy to Promote TMZ Resistance and Trigger EMT.

Glioma is the most prevalent primary brain tumor in adults and has an extremely unfavorable prognosis. As a member of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family, lysyl-oxidase-like-2 (LOXL2) is known to play different roles in different tumors. However, the role of LOXL2 in glioma has not yet been fully elucidated.

Genomic Study of Chinese Quadruple-negative GISTs Using Next-generation Sequencing Technology.

Purpose: Approximately 10% of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are devoid of KIT, PDGFRA (platelet-derived growth factor-alpha), BRAF, and SDH alterations. The aim of this study was to characterize molecular drivers in Chinese patients with quadruple-negative GISTs.

Patients And Methods: In 1022 Chinese patients with GIST, mutations of KIT and PDGFRA were analyzed by direct sequencing.

Primary adult primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the bladder: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: A primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is a rare and highly malignant tumor that often occurs in the central nervous system of children and young adults. This tumor is rarely observed in the bladder.

Patient Concerns: In this paper, we describe the case of a 64-year-old man with a PNET of the bladder.

A retrospective observational study of intraductal breast papilloma and its coexisting lesions: A real-world experience.

Background: Breast intraductal papilloma is a heterogeneous group. The aim of the study is to investigate the intraductal breast papilloma and its coexisting lesions retrospectively in real-world practice.

Methods: We retrospectively identified 4450 intraductal breast papilloma and its coexisting lesions.

The Expression and Therapeutic Potential of Checkpoint Kinase 2 in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Introduction: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the most common histological subtype of laryngeal cancer. The involved molecular mechanisms and suitable therapeutic targets for LSCC still need to be further investigated. Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2) participates in several cellular physiology pathways and plays a role in tumor progression.

Ube2S regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling and promotes the progression of non-small cell lung cancer.

Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2S (Ube2S) plays important roles in cancer development in some malignant tumors. However, the functions and related molecular network of Ube2S in non-small cell lung cancer are not fully understood. In the current study, we examined the expression of Ube2S in non-small cell lung cancer and its clinicopathological significance.

Prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression on cell-surface vimentin-positive circulating tumor cells in gastric cancer patients.

Although circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have shown promise as potential biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic assessment in gastric cancer (GC), determining the predictive and prognostic value of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive CTCs in patients with GC is a challenge. Here, we identified that the expression of total vimentin (VIM) protein was positively correlated with PD-L1 and inhibited CD8 T-cell activation in patients with GC according to bioinformatics analysis. Notably, coexpression of PD-L1 and cell-surface VIM (CSV) was detected by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry assay in locally advanced GC tumor specimens and metastatic lymph nodes.

Hodgkin's lymphoma with marked granulomatous reaction: a diagnostic pitfall.

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a lymphoid malignant tumor characterized by the presence of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells, the variants of which are reported to be involved in the inflammatory reaction. Epithelioid histiocytes, representing granuloma formation, often occur in the environment as single cells or clustered in nodules. This study was performed to report a case of HL in a cervical lymph node, accompanied by a notable granulomatous reaction.

Palatine tonsillar metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma: an unusual immunohistochemical phenotype and a potential diagnostic pitfall.

Metastasis rarely occurs to the palatine tonsils. Herein, we present an exceedingly rare case of palatine tonsillar metastasis from poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutation in a 51-year-old woman. The patient manifested clinically as pharyngalgia without obvious respiratory symptoms, with swelling tonsil histomorphologically resembling lymphoma and partially expressing the markers of epithelial and squamous cell carcinoma (CK5/6, P63, and P40).

Identifying Secondary Mutations in Chinese Patients with Imatinib-Resistant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS).

The aim of this study was to characterize secondary kinase mutations in Chinese patients with imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Mutations in receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT; exons 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, and 18) and platelet-derived growth factor-alpha (PDGFRA; exons 12, 14, and 18) were analyzed by direct sequencing. After imatinib treatment, 425 cancer-related target genes were analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS) in imatinib-resistant patients.

Primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma with coexisting aberrations of C-MYC and BCL-2: a case report and literature review.

Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMLBCL) is an aggressive lymphoma characteristic with distinct clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic features. The rearrangements of C-MYC, BCL2 and/or BCL6 which are common in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are typically absent in PLMBCL. Here we proved a novel case of PMLBCL with concurrent rearrangements of C-MYC and BCL2.

Timescale of tumor volume of a young breast cancer patient with luminal B subtype: A case report.

Rationale: It is largely unknown about the tumor growth of breast cancer naturally. We devised and analyzed an appropriate mathematical tool of the equations that describe how fast tumors grow without treatment on the basis of the ellipsoid shape of solid breast cancer.

Patient Concerns: A 31-year-old woman presented with a painless palpable lump in her left breast for 5 months.

Calcifying fibrous tumor of the mediastinum: A case report.

Background: Calcifying fibrous tumor (CFT) is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor that often occurs in deep soft tissue of children and young adults. CFT rarely occurs in the mediastinum.

Case Summary: In this paper, we describe a 31-year-old male patient with CFT in the mediastinum.