A new threat from an old enemy: Re‑emergence of coronavirus (Review).

The new outbreak of coronavirus from December 2019 has brought attention to an old viral enemy and has raised concerns as to the ability of current protection measures and the healthcare system to handle such a threat. It has been known since the 1960s that coronaviruses can cause respiratory infections in humans; however, their epidemic potential was understood only during the past two decades. In the present review, we address current knowledge on coronaviruses from a short history to epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation of the disease, as well as treatment and prevention strategies.

Extended Middle Cranial Fossa Approach for Lesions Invading Infratemporal Fossa: Anatomic Study and Clinical Application.

Skull base tumors arising from the middle cranial fossa and invading of the infratemporal fossa (ITF) and middle cranial fossa are challenging for neurosurgeons, because of complex anatomy and critical neurovascular structure involvement. The first pioneering ITF approaches resulted in invasive procedures and carried a high rate of surgical morbidity. However, the acquisition of deep anatomical knowledge, and the development operative skills and reconstruction techniques allowed surgeons to achieve total or near total resection of many ITF lesions with a low morbidity rate.

Resistance of THP-1 Leukemia Cells Infected with Cytomegalovirus to Anti-tumor Antibiotic Doxorubicin and Restoration of the Sensitivity by Inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Molecular Pathway.

Results obtained showed that infection with HCMV prevented the death of THP-1 cells treated with DOX in both active and latent forms of infection. In the presence of mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin and Torin2), the sensitivity of the infected cells to DOX was restored. Rapamycin inhibited the expression of the HCMV protein IE1-p72 and increased sensitivity to DOX.

[A comparative analysis of reproducibility of the jaws centric relation determined with the use of digital technologies].

Aim: To compare the precision of centric relation (CR) assessment by various methods using digital technologies.

Material And Methods: Determination of the CR was carried out in the clinic of prosthetic dentistry on patients with intact dentition using methods of bilateral manipulation, anterior jig, leaf gauge and device for intraoral recording of the gothic arch angle. Optical jaw impressions were obtained using the intraoral 3D scanner Trios (3Shape) and the CR registers were scanned using the laboratory scanner Prime (DOF).

Flexible endoscopic assistance in the surgical management of vestibular schwannomas.

Endoscopic-assisted techniques have extensively been applied to vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery allowing to increase the extent of resection, minimize complications, and preserve facial nerve and auditory functions. In this paper, we retrospectively analyze the effectiveness of flexible endoscope in the endoscopic-assisted retrosigmoid approach for the surgical management of VS of various sizes. The authors conducted a retrospective analysis on 32 patients who underwent combined microscopic and flexible endoscopic resection of VS of various sizes over a period of 16 months.

Immunohistochemical and Morphological Study of Periodontal Tissues in Predicting the Results of Dental Implantation in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis.

Morphological and immunohistochemical examination was made on 24 gum biopsies obtained from 35- to 60-year-old patients with diagnosis of partial secondary adentia, chronic generalized moderate to severe periodontitis (19 patients), as well as on the biopsy samples from five patients without pathological periodontal changes who underwent dental implantation. Serial paraffin sections were treated with antibodies against Ki-67, VEGF, and SMA. In patients with severe chronic periodontitis, a high proliferative activity of epithelium indicative of hyperplastic changes was observed, as well as a reduced number of the SMA-positive cells and actual absence of the SMA-positive cell couplings associated with the "growth zones" in tissues, which testifies indirectly to a lower tissue regenerative capacity.

[Comparison of sample preparation techniques in chemical-toxicological analysis of urine for the presence of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their metabolites].

The sample preparation procedures within undirected chemical-toxicological urine analysis for GCMS and HPLC-MS/MS methods are presented. These methods are intended for analytical diagnosis of the presence of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their metabolites in humans.

[Forensic, clinical and anatomical aspects of diagnosising diaphragmatic injuries in stab wounds].

Aim: To improve the quality of clinical and forensic examination and diagnosis of diaphragmatic injury (DI) from stab wounds by defining the boundaries of the thoraco-abdominal region and the topographic and anatomical characteristics of thoracoabdominal stab wounds.

Material And Methods: Based on the results of forensic medical examinations of 81 corpses with stab wounds, the clinical and anatomical characteristics of thoraco-abdominal stab wounds were noted; and in anatomical dissections of 90 cadavers, the boundaries of the intercostal spaces and costophrenic recess were modeled.

Result: The boundaries of the thoraco-abdominal region, and the location of stab wounds that make the probability of DI particularly high (10-50%) were clarified.

Immunoglobulinopathies in patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma.

Aim: The aim of the study was to characterize quantitative and qualitative immunoglobulinopathies in patients with AITL at the onset of the disease.

Materials And Methods: 55 patients with newly diagnosed AITL were enrolled in the study, the male/female ratio was 30/25; median age was 61 (29-81) years. Diagnosis was based on standard WHO criteria.

ARISE: A Phase 3 randomized trial of erenumab for episodic migraine.

Background Calcitonin gene-related peptide plays an important role in migraine pathophysiology. Erenumab, a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor, is being evaluated for migraine prevention. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study, 577 adults with episodic migraine were randomized to placebo or 70 mg erenumab; 570 patients were included in efficacy analyses.

Negative influence of preoperative tinnitus on hearing preservation in vestibular schwannoma surgery.

Background: Goals of vestibular schwannoma (VS) microsurgery are maximal resection, facial nerve (FN) preservation and in selected cases, hearing preservation (HP). Postoperative HP rates are related to clinical and radiographic factors: size of tumor, preoperative hearing, hypertension, diabetes, and presence or absence of preoperative tinnitus. In this retrospective review we evaluated the influence of preoperative tinnitus on HP after VS surgery in patients with preoperative socially useful hearing (SUH).

Prediction of Risk for Boys' Involvement in Drug Use Based on Levels of Self-evaluations in Russia.

Background: Adolescents often experiment with drug use, which can impact on their health and well-being and increase the probability of problem drug use. Yet, not enough is known about which psychological indicators is related with the initiation of drug use among young adults and have predictive power.

Materials And Methods: Participants in this study were 311 boys (school and college students) aged 15-17.

Hereditary Multiple Cerebral Cavernous Malformations Associated with Wilson Disease and Multiple Lipomatosis.

We report on a patient with 2 Mendelian diseases-symptomatic multiple familial cerebral cavernous malformations (FCCMs) and Wilson disease. Genetic analysis revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes CCM2 and CCM3, associated with cavernous malformations, and homozygote mutation in the ATP7B gene, responsible for Wilson disease. FCCMs were symptomatic in 3 generations.

[Intraocular pressure measurement inside the anterior chamber: a new technical solution and results].

Aim: To develop a new manometric device for intravital measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the anterior chamber and to assess tonometric data reliability, including post-radial keratotomy (RK) measurements.

Material And Methods: The experiment was conducted in 2 isolated cadaver eyes, while the clinical study enrolled 20 patients (21 eyes) scheduled for cataract phacoemulsification surgery. Of them, 10 patients (10 eyes) with immature cataract and mild to moderate myopia constituted the control group.

5-Aminolevulinic acid in intraoperative photodynamic therapy of bladder cancer (results of multicenter trial).

The results of multicenter prospective trial for efficacy of combined modality treatment: transurethral resection (TUR)+photodynamic therapy (PDT) with alasens for bladder cancer are represented in the article. Trials were organized by Research Institute of Organic Intermediates and Dyes and conducted according to clinical protocol approved by Ministry of Health of Russia, at the sites of leading Russian cancer clinical centers. The trial included 45 subjects with verified diagnosis of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Telomerase as a tumor marker in diagnosis of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer.

Background: Early diagnosis of prostate cancer (CaP) can be addressed by studying prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) as precancer (high-grade PIN or HGPIN). This article attempts to analyze the diagnostic role of telomerase as an early marker of carcinogenesis.

Methods: Complex urological patient evaluation and assessment of telomerase activity.