[Immediate results of conservative treatment of patients with unreconstructable critical limb ischaemia and trophic changes].

The purpose of the study was to comparatively assess efficacy of using agents belonging to the group of prostaglandin E1 in comprehensive conservative treatment of patients with unreconstructable critical limb ischaemia and trophic changes by the frequency of major amputation, amputation-free survival, and total mortality by combinations of the WIfI classification during a 6-month follow up period. Our retrospective multicentre study enrolled a total of 109 patients, including 60 men and 49 women, with a mean age of 70±7.3 years.

[Comprehensive treatment of a patient with Buerger's disease using genetically engineered complexes VEGF-165].

Buerger's disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans, is a severe invalidating systemic vascular disease. To one of the modern methods, which is distinguished by its radically new principles of action, as well as holding much promise for further study and application in treatment of patients with lower limb chronic ischaemia induced by thromboangiitis obliterans belongs the use of genetically engineered complexes based on vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF-165 ('Neovasculgen'). 'Neovasculgen' is a genetically engineered complex being a circular DNA (native plasmid on the CELO vector and Ad5), carrying the human VEGF-165 gene, encoding VEGF synthesis.

[Use of topical haemostatic agents in cardiovascular surgery].

The problem of haemostasis in cardiovascular surgery is of current concern. Recent trends are towards increased use of topical haemostatic agents. Tachocomb has been used for more than 30 years in abdominal surgery and oncology.

[Endovascular surgery in treatment of patients with acute impairment of mesenteric circulation in the stage of intestinal ischaemia].

Analysed herein are the results of endovascular revascularization of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). The study included a total of 18 patients with acute impairment of mesenteric circulation in the stage of intestinal ischaemia. The patients underwent multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) and once impairments of blood flow in the SMA were revealed, we performed endovascular revascularization of the artery.

[Prospects and peculiarities of the procedure of ultrasound ablation of subcutaneous veins of the lower limbs].

The last decade has seen active development of minimally invasive (endovenous) methods of surgical removal of lower limb varicose veins (LLVV); however, the problem of increasing efficacy of these methods and improving long-term results still remains of current importance. The authors of this work propose a method of ultrasound ablation of subcutaneous veins of lower extremities. Our experimental study was aimed at determining the pattern of venous wall damage after ultrasound exposure.

[Differentiated approach to treatment of decompensated lower limb ischaemia with the use of the WIFI classification system].

In the present article, the authors substantiate the necessity of subdividing a heterogeneous cohort of patients presenting with Fontaine-Pokrovsky grade IV critical limb ischaemia into subgroups with the aim of making an appropriate therapeutic decision and predicting the outcome. We also translated into the Russian language the WIfI classification system developed by the Society for Vascular Surgery (2014) in order to predict limb loss and feasibility of performing revascularization. This is followed by comments on the classification, accompanied by examples of own clinical case studies.

Effect of MSCs and MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Human Blood Coagulation.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a potent therapeutic tool for the treatment of a number of pathologies, including immune pathologies. However, unwelcome effects of MSCs on blood coagulation have been reported, motivating us to explore the thrombotic properties of human MSCs from the umbilical cord. We revealed strong procoagulant effects of MSCs on human blood and platelet-free plasma using rotational thromboelastometry and thrombodynamic tests.

[Natriuretic peptides as markers of development and prognosis of pulmonary hypertension severity in patients with chronic obstructive disease.].

Studied the diagnostic and prognostic significance of N-terminal precursor of natriuretic peptide С-type (NT-proCNP) and brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with COPD with pulmonary hypertension (PH). The study included 47 patients with COPD (II - IV degrees of severity, 2016 GOLD, men - 44, women -3, mean age 59,3±9.12 years, disease duration of 13.

Vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular pathology.

Vitamin D deficiency is widespread worldwide and present in about 30-50% of population. In most cases, this problem is associated with musculoskeletal system pathology: rickets in children, and osteomalacia or osteoporosis in adults. However, in recent years, convincing data was obtained on the links between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular pathology.

[Clinical features and treatment of patients with class III malocclusion combined with and increase and lengthening of the nose].

The aim of the study was to study the effect of orthognathic surgery using the developed method of correction of dentoalveolar anomalies on the shape of the nose in patients with Class III tooth-jaw anomalies, according to Engle's classification, combined with an increase and lengthening of the nose. In the period from 2014-2017 on the basis of FGBBO VO 'PIMU' of the Ministry of Health of Russia treated 45 patients with maxillofacial anomalies, among them 31 people diagnosed with upper retro microburnia, lower macrognathia, Engle III class, skeletal type. All patients were between the ages of 21 and 45, without severe co-morbidities.

[Hybrid reconstructions in patients with lower limb chronic ischaemia and multilevel arterial lesions].

Presented herein is a review of the literature related to performing hybrid operations for multilevel lesions of the arteries of the lower limbs. This is accompanied and followed by analysing the data on variants of stagewise use of different methods of revascularization in hybrid interventions ("open" and endovascular) on the lower extremities, as well as complications, lethality rates, and remote results as compared with the parallel parameters obtained while performing non-hybrid operations.

[Embryology, anatomy and rare pathologies of the popliteal artery: Peculiarities of surgical treatment].

Knowledge of anatomical variations of the division of the popliteal artery and specific lesions of the arterial segment involved is necessary for the surgeon, traumatologist-orthopaedist, vascular surgeon. The article contains a review of recent literature data on the prevalence of different variants of branching patterns of the arteries of the crus, also providing a detailed discussion of embryological development of the arterial system of the lower extremities, in many ways explaining the appearance of rare pathologies of the popliteal artery, such as for example popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. Particular attention is paid to cystic damage of the popliteal artery, describing currently known theories of the development of this rare pathology, this is accompanied by sharing own experience in surgical treatment of the patients involved.

[Contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic study in patients with lower limb arterial lesions].

Background: The introduction into clinical practice of contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic examination made it possible to assess patency of tibial arteries and perfusion of crural muscles in patients with occlusive lesions of lower-limb arteries. These findings are important for planning optimal treatment policy and assessing efficacy of operative or medicamentous treatment.

Objective: The study was aimed at investigating a possibility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination for assessment of patency of tibial arteries and quantitative assessment of perfusion of crural muscles in patient with occlusive lesions of lower-limb arteries.

[Anatomic rationale for clinical efficacy of intraosseous mental nerve anesthesia].

The aim of the study was to prove the anatomical and clinical effectiveness of the modified anesthesia of mental nerve. The effectiveness of conductive anesthesia near the mental foramen was objectively evaluated using the electric pulp test (EPT) in 100 volunteers of both sexes, aged 35-43 years. Wet anterior mandible preparations obtained from 350 cadavers aged 18-74 years were also studied.

[Prevalence of DNA viruses in maxillofacial area of HIV-infected].

DNA viruses have high oncogenic risk viruses; they cause emergence of Kaposi sarcoma, Lymphoma, Squamous cell carcinoma. HIV immunodeficiency promotes increase in frequency of such tumors. Etiotropic therapy of HIV patients considerably reduces prevalence of DNA viruses and a viral malignization.

[Secondary reconstructions after endovascular treatment of a woman with critical lower limb ischaemia].

Primary endovascular interventions carried out according to the indications determined by the TASC II guidelines have proved successful in treatment of patients presenting with critical lower limb ischaemia. However, performing secondary and complicated reconstructions requires an individual approach with the assessment of all possible risks involved. Presented herein is a clinical case report regarding repeat reconstruction in a woman with critical lower limb ischaemia after a previously performed endovascular intervention.

[Use of Tachocomb agent in cardiovascular surgery].

The article contains a review of the literature concerning the use of the Tachocomb haemostatic sponge in cardiovascular surgery. This is followed by enumerating the pharmacological properties of the agent, mechanism of its action, and methods of application. Also shown herein is a high haemostatic effect of the sponge, exceeding that of other means of topical haemostasis.

[Treatment of patients with critical lower limb ischaemia: endovascular methods or reconstructive operations].

Presented herein is a review of the literature related to endovascular methods of treatment of patients with critical lower limb ischaemia. This is followed by comparative assessment of the outcomes of endovascular and open surgical interventions. Also covered are problems concerning appropriate therapeutic decision making, taking into consideration peculiarities of lower limb ischaemia and the state at the expense of insufficiency of inflow/outflow.

[Staged implantation of an abdominal stent graft].

The article deals with a case report regarding successful surgical management of a patient presenting with an anatomically complicated aneurysm of the aortic infrarenal portion and iliac arteries. The first stage consisted in performing implantation of the Ovation Prime stent graft into the abdominal aorta. One month later, the second stage carried out for residual type IB endoleak consisted in implantation of the iliac components of the stent graft into the external iliac arteries on the right and the left.

[Surgical treatment of patients with haemodynamically significant stenosis of the internal carotid artery and contralateral occlusion].

Presented herein is a review of the literature dedicated to the problem regarding surgical management of patients with haemodynamically significant stenosis of the internal carotid artery and collateral occlusion. Special consideration is given to the studies comparing perioperative and early postoperative outcomes of carotid endarterectomy in patients with the nosology concerned. The literature was retrieved by means of the following databases Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, and the Russian Science Citation Index.

[Use of a filtering protective device during angioplasty and stenting of the brachiocephalic trunk].

The authors carried out a pilot study aimed at assessing the possibility and efficacy of using filtering systems for protection of cerebral arteries from distal embolism during angioplasty and stenting of the brachiocephalic trunk. A total of five patients presenting with lesions of the brachiocephalic trunk underwent 5 roentgenoendovascular interventions with the use of the filtering protective device Spider FX. Angiographic and clinical success was achieved in 100% of cases.

[Vascular pathology in the aspect of sudden death in young adults and connective tissue dysplasia: anatomical, physiological, and morphological parallels].

Vascular pathology in young adults has during the last 10 years been diagnosed more often during forensic medical examination of sudden death. Major morphological alterations are revealed in cerebral vessels, coronary vessels, and at the level of the ascending portion of the aorta. Generally, in the young age there is no stenosing atherosclerosis inducing vascular lesions and the development of complications.