Disulfiram in liver diseases: a double-edged sword.

Disulfiram, a synthetic drug, has historically played a significant role in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease as the first medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for alcohol use disorders.

Causal Effects of Metabolic Syndrome on Gastric Disorders: Univariable and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the causal effects of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), waist circumference (WC), and hypertension, on the risks of chronic gastritis, benign gastric tumors, and gastric cancer using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.

Methods: Univariable two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analyses were employed to evaluate the independent and combined effects of MetS components on gastric disorders. The primary MR method used was the random effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach.

Chinese guidelines for minimally invasive donor hepatectomy in living donor liver transplantation (2024 edition).

Background: Minimally invasive surgeries are increasingly central to modern medicine, particularly in liver transplantation. These techniques, which offer reduced trauma, precise operations, minimal bleeding, and swift recovery, are, however, unevenly adopted across China. Only a limited number of centers routinely perform minimally invasive donor hepatectomies, indicating a significant imbalance in the development and application of these advanced procedures.

Network pharmacology and metabolomics elucidate the underlying effects and mechanisms of maackiain against endometrial cancer.

Endometrial carcinoma (EC), a prevalent gynecological cancer, is characterized by rising incidence and mortality rates, highlighting the need for novel treatments to improve patient outcomes. Maackiain (MA) is a natural compound isolated from common herbal medicines, that has been reported to have anti-cancer effects. However, the underlying roles and mechanisms concerning EC remain unclear.

Correlation between vascular endothelial function and bone mineral density in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with MAFLD.

Objective: The relationship between vascular endothelial function and bone mineral density (BMD) in T2DM patients with metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver (MAFLD) is still unclear. This study aims to analyse the correlation between vascular endothelial function and BMD or fracture risk in T2DM patients with MAFLD.

Methods: A total of 872 T2DM patients aged ≥50 years were enrolled and divided into two groups according to the diagnostic criteria of MAFLD: MAFLD (+) and MAFLD (-).

Pharmacology, medical uses, and clinical translational challenges of Saikosaponin A: A review.

Saikosaponin A (SSA), the primary active monomer derived from the Radix bupleuri, demonstrates a diverse array of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, analgesic, anti-fibrotic, antidepressant, and immune-modulating properties. Despite its potential therapeutic impact on various human diseases, comprehensive studies exploring SSA's efficacy in these contexts remain limited. This review synthesizes the current research landscape regarding SSA's therapeutic applications across different diseases, highlighting critical insights to overcome existing limitations and clinical challenges.

Predictive role of neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and systemic immune-inflammation index for mortality in patients with MASLD.

There are no studies discussing the significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil-percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in predicting poor prognosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD); this study aimed to investigate the relationship between these three inflammatory markers and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in patients with MASLD. Survival data for 3970 participants were obtained from National Death Index (NDI) records associated with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset, the associations of NPAR, NLR, and SII with all-cause and CVD mortality were analyzed using multivariate COX regression modeling, restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to explore nonlinear relationships and to determine the inflection point, regrouping was done according to the nonlinear inflection point, using multivariate COX regression modeling, subgroup analysis, and the Kaplan-Meier survival curves to evaluate differences in risk of death between the two groups. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was conducted to assess the predictive efficacy of NPAR, NLR, and SII on survival outcomes.

Mendelian randomization reveals predictive, preventive, and personalized insights into inflammatory bowel disease: the role of gut microbiome and circulating inflammatory proteins.

Background: A chronic illness with increasing global frequency, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), profoundly affects patients' quality of life and healthcare systems. IBD pathogenesis consists of changes in gut microbiota, immune system dysregulation, and genetic predisposition. Although emerging data suggests that gut microbiota and circulating inflammatory proteins play critical roles in IBD, their utility as biomarkers for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) remains incompletely understood.

Body composition: a crucial factor in downstaging and postoperative complications of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

Background: Postoperative complications may lower the quality of life of patients, consequently leading to a reduction in their overall survival (OS). In our previous investigations, we found that patients with gastric cancer (GC) with postoperative complications who underwent direct surgery had a significantly lower OS than patients without complications. We observed no significant difference in OS among patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), regardless of complications.

Evaluating the diagnostic value of F-FAPI-04 PET/CT in various malignant tumors: a head-to-head comparison with F-FDG PET/CT.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of F-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor-04 (F-FAPI-04) PET/CT for various malignant tumors and compare it head-to-head with F-FDG PET/CT.

Materials And Methods: This single-center, prospective study continuously recruited patients with suspected or confirmed malignant tumors for concurrent 18F-FDG and 18F-FAPI-04 PET/CT scans from April 2022 to October 2023. The pathological diagnosis or clinical follow-up served as the reference standard.

Exploring Dietary Factors and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: Insights From Mendelian Randomization Study.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma and diet are not well understood to be associated. We conducted Mendelian randomization analysis using 18 dietary factors as exposures (primarily including fruit consumption, vegetable consumption, alcohol consumption, meat consumption, tea intake, fish intake, etc.), with esophageal adenocarcinoma as the outcome.

Comparison of Various Surgical Approaches for Moderate-to-Severe Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: This study aims to systematically review the efficacy of various surgical approaches in the treatment of ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR).

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using computerized databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science, up to February 2024. In our network meta-analysis, we utilized the Cochrane Handbook tool for quality evaluation, while a consistency model and the odds ratio (OR) were used to compile and analyze the data from the studies included, employing Stata 17.

Comparison of Sutureless Aortic Valve Replacement and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Propensity Score Matching.

Background: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of sutureless aortic valve replacement (SUAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Methods: We systematically searched the electronic database and the Clinical Trials Registry up to 31 February 2023. Random effects model risk ratio () and mean differences (MD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled for the clinical outcomes.

Association between circadian syndrome and gallstones in US adult: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2017-2020.

Background: The circadian syndrome is linked with chronic diseases such as stroke, kidney stones, and overactive bladder. However, the relationship between circadian syndrome and gallstones is poorly understood. In this study, we aim to investigate whether circadian syndrome is associated with gallstones in a population-based study.

Biological and genetic characterization of a newly established human primary multidrug-resistant distal cholangiocarcinoma cell line, CBC3T-6.

Distal cholangiocarcinoma is a rare and highly aggressive malignant tumor. The inherent tumor characteristics and growth pattern of cancer cells pose a challenge for diagnosis and treatment. Chemotherapy resistance leads to limited treatment options for patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma.

Identification of genetic and immune mechanisms linking preeclampsia and endometrial cancer: a prognostic model for survival and treatment response.

Preeclampsia (PE) and endometrial cancer (EC) are two distinct conditions that share common genetic and molecular mechanisms involving immune dysregulation, endothelial dysfunction, and angiogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the potential genetic links between PE and EC, identify key prognostic genes, and develop a risk model to predict overall survival in EC patients. We conducted comprehensive genetic and molecular analyses, revealing significant overlaps in immune and angiogenic pathways between PE and EC.

Correlation analysis of LXR and its target genes COX2 and CETP with the severity of OSAHS in obese young rats.

Objective: To analyse the relationships between the expression levels of liver X receptor (LXR), cyclooxygenase-2(COX2) and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) in obese young rats, to obtain information for basic research on OSAHS in obese children.

Methods: Twenty-four 3-4-week-old young rats were randomly assigned to the normal control group, obesity group, OSAHS group, obesity and OSAHS group. We used polysomnography to measure the obstructive apnoea hypopnoea index (OAHI) to assess the severity of OSAHS and western blotting to test the expression levels of LXRα, COX2, and CETP in the liver, heart, kidney, and brain tissues.

Mechanism and prospects of mitochondrial transplantation for spinal cord injury treatment.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) involves a continuous and dynamic cascade of complex reactions, with mitochondrial damage and dysfunction-induced energy metabolism disorders playing a central role throughout the process. These disorders not only determine the severity of secondary injuries but also influence the potential for axonal regeneration. Given the critical role of energy metabolism disturbances in the pathology of SCI, strategies such as enhancing mitochondrial transport within axons to alleviate local energy deficits, or transplanting autologous or allogeneic mitochondria to restore energy supply to damaged tissues, have emerged as potential approaches for SCI repair.

Emerging role of metabolic reprogramming in the immune microenvironment and immunotherapy of thyroid cancer.

The metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells is a hallmark of many malignancies. To meet the energy acquisition needs of tumor cells for rapid proliferation, tumor cells reprogram their nutrient metabolism, which is caused by the abnormal expression of transcription factors and signaling molecules related to energy metabolic pathways as well as the upregulation and downregulation of abnormal metabolic enzymes, receptors, and mediators. Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine tumor, and immunotherapy has become the mainstream choice for clinical benefit after the failure of surgical, endocrine, and radioiodine therapies.

Cellular Senescence: A Bridge Between Diabetes and Microangiopathy.

Cellular senescence is a state of permanent cell cycle arrest and plays an important role in many vascular lesions. This study found that the cells of diabetic patients have more characteristics of senescence, which may cause microvascular complications. Cell senescence, as one of the common fates of cells, links microangiopathy and diabetes.

Whether monitored anesthesia care is the optimal anesthetic strategy for transcatheter aortic valve implantation surgery? a meta-analysis and systematic review.

Objectives: To explore whether monitored anesthesia care is more beneficial to the outcome of transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Methods: The research methodology involved comprehensive searches across major databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, covering the period from January 1, 2010, to March 1, 2024. The aim was to identify trials comparing different anesthetic methods for transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Effect of high sensitivity C-reactive protein on uric acid-related cardiometabolic risk in patients with coronary artery disease-a large multicenter prospective study.

Although serum uric acid (SUA) is a risk factor for cardiometabolic outcome, but it remains unclear which patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) benefit the most from SUA lowering therapy (ULT). The association of SUA level, systemic inflammation and cardiometabolic risk is still unclear. The current study is aimed to examine whether SUA-associated cardiometabolic risk is modulated by systemic inflammation in CAD patients.