Electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) promotes gastric emptying and mucosal blood flow during oral resuscitation of scalded rats with a pyruvate-enriched ORS.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture at ST36 (EA ST36) on gastric emptying and mucosal blood flow during intragastric resuscitation with pyruvate-enriched oral rehydration solution (Pyr-ORS) in scalded rats.

Methods: The rats were subjected to a 35% total body surface area (TBSA) of scald injury and randomly divided into five groups (N=24) and two subgroups (n=12) in each group. The Pyr-ORS was delivered intragastrically according to the Parkland formula immediately after scalding at a dose of 1 mL kg(-1) %TBSA(-1) in 1 h.

[Effects of oral fluid resuscitation with pyruvate-oral rehydration solution on the hemodynamic parameters and organ functions during shock stage in dogs with a 50% total body surface area full thickness burn].

Objective: To study the effect of oral fluid resuscitation with pyruvate sodium-glucose-electrolyte solution (PGES) on hemodynamics, organ functions and mortalities during shock stage in dogs with burn.

Methods: In comparison of oral pyruvate sodium-glucose-electrolyte solution (PGES) with NaHCO₃-glucose-electrolyte solution (HGES), beagle dogs with intubation of the carotid artery, jugular vein and jejunum for 24 hours were subjected to a 50% total body surface area (TBSA) burn, and were divided into three groups: pure burn without fluid resuscitation (NR, n = 8), and two oral fluid resuscitation (each n = 10), in which dogs were given with Pry-GES (OP) or NaHCO₃-GES (OH) according to Parkland formula. The hemodynamic and organ functions were measured serially before burn and 2, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours after burn at no anaesthesia state A.

Upregulating nonneuronal cholinergic activity decreases TNF release from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.

Nonneuronal cholinergic system plays a primary role in maintaining homeostasis. It has been proved that endogenous neuronal acetylcholine (ACh) could play an anti-inflammatory role, and exogenous cholinergic agonists could weaken macrophages inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation through activation of α7 subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). We assumed that nonneuronal cholinergic system existing in macrophages could modulate inflammation through autocrine ACh and expressed α7nAChR on the cells.

[The effects of sodium pyruvate Ringer solution on hemodynamic and organ functions during shock stage in dogs with a 50% total body surface area full-thickness burn].

Objective: To compare the effect of intravenous resuscitation with sodium pyruvate (Pyr) Ringer solution against lactated Ringer solution on hemodynamic and organ functions during shock stage in dogs with burn.

Methods: 28 Beagle dogs were subjected to 50% total body surface area (TBSA) burn, and they were divided into three groups: burn injury without fluid resuscitation (NR, n=8), Ringer lactate solution (RL, n=10), and Pyr Ringer solution (RP, n=10). They were given intravenous fluid resuscitation according to Parkland formula 30 minutes after burn.

Pyruvate is superior to reverse visceral hypoperfusion in peritoneal resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock in rats.

Aims: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of pyruvate-containing fluids on peritoneal resuscitation (PR), following intravenous fluid resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock (HS) in rats.

Methods: One hundred rats following 1-h HS with mean arterial pressure 35 ± 5 mmHg were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10) in each of two comparable sets: group VR: intravenous resuscitation (VR) only and four groups with PR after VR: groups NS, LA, P1, and P2, resuscitated with normal saline, lactated peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS), pyruvated PDS, and 2.2% pyruvate, respectively.

Pyruvate-enriched oral rehydration solution improved intestinal absorption of water and sodium during enteral resuscitation in burns.

Aim: To investigate alteration in intestinal absorption during enteral resuscitation with pyruvate-enriched oral rehydration solution (Pyr-ORS) in scalded rats.

Methods: To compare pyruvate-enriched oral rehydration solution (Pyr-ORS) with World Health Organisation oral rehydration solution (WHO-ORS), 120 rats were randomly divided into 6 groups and 2 subgroups. At 1.

Valproic acid treatment inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor 1α accumulation and protects against burn-induced gut barrier dysfunction in a rodent model.

Objective: Burn-induced gut dysfunction plays an important role in the development of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction. Emerging evidence suggests that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is critical in paracellular barrier functions via regulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) expression. Previous studies have also demonstrated that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) can repress HIF-1α.

Ulinastatin suppresses burn-induced lipid peroxidation and reduces fluid requirements in a Swine model.

Objective. Lipid peroxidation plays a critical role in burn-induced plasma leakage, and ulinastatin has been reported to reduce lipid peroxidation in various models. This study aims to examine whether ulinastatin reduces fluid requirements through inhibition of lipid peroxidation in a swine burn model.

Valproic acid treatment attenuates caspase-3 activation and improves survival after lethal burn injury in a rodent model.

Burn injury may result in multiple organ dysfunction partially because of apoptotic cell death. The authors have previously shown that valproic acid (VPA) improves survival in a dog burn model. The aim of this study is to examine whether a VPA improves survival in a rodent burn model and whether this was because of inhibition of cell apoptosis.

The effects of ulinastatin on systemic inflammation, visceral vasopermeability and tissue water content in rats with scald injury.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine whether administration of ulinastatin inhibits pro-inflammatory mediators and ameliorate visceral vasopermeability both in a rat model of major burn, and also in rat cultured endothelial cells stimulated with permeability-evoking mediators.

Methods: Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), microvascular permeability, and water content of organ tissues were evaluated in a rodent model of a 55% TBSA full-thickness scald injury. Microvascular permeability was also evaluated with a cultured pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs) monolayer after stimulation with trypsin, bradykinin, histamine, prostaglandin E2 and burn serum.

The effect of valproic acid in alleviating early death in burn shock.

The aim of this study was to examine whether administration of valproic acid (VPA) improves blood circulation and survival after lethal burn shock. Forty adult male Beagle dogs underwent a 50% TBSA full-thickness flame injury. In the first 24 h after burn, animals were randomly divided into four groups: NR group received no treatment.

Carbachol alleviates rat cytokine release and organ dysfunction induced by lipopolysaccharide.

Background: To observe the influence of carbachol on inflammatory cytokine release and its protective role on organ function in rat endotoxemia model, and, furthermore, to investigate its receptor mechanism in rat peritoneal macrophages in vitro.

Methods: In the animal experiments, Wistar rats were subjected to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection (5 mg/kg body weight) to establish an endotoxemia animal model, and carbachol/nicotine was given 15 minutes after LPS injection. Serum contents of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 4 hours after LPS injection.

Effect of carbachol on intestinal mucosal blood flow, activity of Na+-K+-ATPase, expression of aquaporin-1, and intestinal absorption rate during enteral resuscitation of burn shock in rats.

We investigated the effect of carbachol (CAR, a cholinergic agent) on intestinal mucosal blood flow (IMBF), activity of Na-K-ATPase, expression of aquaporin (AQP)-1, and intestinal absorption rate during enteral resuscitation of a 35%TBSA scald in rats with a glucose electrolyte solution (GES). One hundred male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham scald (N group); scald without fluid resuscitation (S group); scald resuscitated with enteral GES alone (GES group); scald resuscitated with enteral CAR alone (CAR group); and scald resuscitated with enteral CAR plus GES (GES/CAR group). The rats were inflicted 35%TBSA third degree of scald injury on the back with boiling water (100 degrees C, 15 seconds) in all groups, except the sham scald group.

[The potential mechanism on signal transduction pathway in regulation of mRNA expression of high mobility group box-1 protein in septic rats].

Objective: To investigate the potential role of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway in regulation of gene expression of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) in various tissues in rats with sepsis.

Methods: A sepsis model reproduced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and 128 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n = 10), sham operation group (n = 10), CLP group (n = 60), AG490 treatment group (n = 24), and rapamycin (RPM) treatment group (n = 24). At serial time points animals in each group were sacrificed after CLP, then tissue samples were harvested to determine HMGB1 mRNA expression and STAT1/3 DNA binding activity.

[The influence of CD14 genomic polymorphism on CD14 gene expression as well as protein release and its clinical significance in patients with extensive burns].

Objective: To investigate the influence of a lipopolysaccharide receptor CD14-159C/T genomic polymorphism on CD14 gene expression as well as protein release, and the relation of sepsis susceptibility and prognosis in patients with extensive burns.

Methods: The study group consisted of 26 patients with burns covering more than 30% of the total body surface area. The CD14 gene polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent HaeIII restriction enzyme digestion of the PCR products.