Novel insights for high mobility group box 1 protein-mediated cellular immune response in sepsis: A systemic review.

Background: High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a highly conserved, ubiquitous protein in the nuclei and cytoplasm of nearly all cell types. HMGB1 is secreted into the extracellular milieu and acts as a proinfl ammatory cytokine. In this article we reviewed briefl y the cellular immune response mediated by HMGB1 in infl ammation and sepsis.

Inflammatory response and immune regulation of high mobility group box-1 protein in treatment of sepsis.

Sepsis is an infection induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome and is a major cause of morbidity as well as mortality in intensive care units. A growing body of evidence suggests that the activation of a proinflammatory cascade is responsible for the development of immune dysfunction, susceptibility to severe sepsis and septic shock. The present theories of sepsis as a dysregulated inflammatory response and immune function, as manifested by excessive release of inflammatory mediators such as high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), are supported by increasing studies employing animal models and clinical observations of sepsis.

[The potential role of high mobility group box 1 protein in immune dysfunction and its regulatory mechanism after major trauma].

Objective: To investigate the potential effect of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) on host immune response and its molecular regulation mechanism as well as its interventional pathway following major burns/trauma.

Methods: With both animal experiments and clinical investigation, serial studies were conducted to observe the effects of HMGB1 on changes in immune function of T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages both in vivo and in vitro.

Results: It was found that thermal injury or trauma induced a delayed and persistent increase in HMGB1 expression as well as its release in various tissues.

[Significance of changes in plasma bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein levels in patients with severe surgical infection].

Objective: To investigate changes in endogenous bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) levels and their significance in patients with surgical sepsis.

Methods: In the prospective study, 19 surgical patients with infection were involved. The plasma BPI, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and interleukin-6 levels were measured on post-infected days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).