Indentation size effect in Knoop and Vickers hardness measurement of dental resin-based composites.

Objectives: Comparisons of material hardness may be affected by the indentation size effect (ISE), which is characterized by increasing hardness values at decreasing loads. This study aimed to assess the influence of load, dwell time and measurement method on ISE in dental resin-based composites with different filler content.

Methods: Knoop (HK) and Vickers (HV) microindentation hardness of Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative (FU) and Filtek Supreme Flowable Restorative (FF) was measured under different loads (0.

Composite Injection Technique With a Digital Workflow: A Pragmatic Approach for a Protruding Central Incisor Restoration.

Esthetic concerns frequently drive individuals to seek dental treatment, leading to a rising demand for minimally invasive and time-efficient procedures. The Minimal Intervention Dentistry (MID) concept, which employs dental adhesive and resin composites, offers an effective approach for enhancing esthetics while preserving natural tooth structure. This case report outlines the esthetic enhancement of a protruding maxillary right central incisor through a direct composite restoration approach, utilizing a composite injection technique with a digital workflow.

A dual composite resin injection molding technique with 3D-printed flexible indices for biomimetic replacement of a missing mandibular lateral incisor.

Patients: This case report presents a minimally invasive approach to replace a missing mandibular lateral incisor using a dual-injection molding technique with flowable composite resins. Integrated with a comprehensive digital workflow, this method achieves a structurally and esthetically biomimetic, bi-layered prosthetic solution. A 34-year-old woman with congenital absence of a mandibular lateral incisor was successfully rehabilitated using a direct composite resin-bonded fixed partial denture (RBFPD).

Automatic caries detection in bitewing radiographs-Part II: experimental comparison.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the detection of caries in bitewing radiographs by multiple dentists with an automatic method and to evaluate the detection performance in the absence of a reliable ground truth.

Materials And Methods: Four experts and three novices marked caries using bounding boxes in 100 bitewing radiographs. The same dataset was processed by an automatic object detection deep learning method.

The Effect of a Deproteinizing Pretreatment on the Bonding Performance and Acid Resistance of a Two-step Self-etch Adhesive on Eroded Dentin.

Objectives: This study evaluated how deproteinization using sodium hypochlorite (6% NaOCl) or hypochlorous acid (50 ppm HOCl) with or without the subsequent use of an arylsulfinate salt-containing agent (Clearfil DC Activator; DCA; Kuraray Noritake Dental) affects the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) and formation of an acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ) of a two-step self-etch adhesive on eroded dentin.

Methods: Coronal dentin surfaces of sound human molars were exposed to 48 cycles of demineralization (1% citric acid; 5 minutes) and remineralization (buffer solution with pH=6.4; 3.

Automatic caries detection in bitewing radiographs: part I-deep learning.

Objective: The aim of this work was to assemble a large annotated dataset of bitewing radiographs and to use convolutional neural networks to automate the detection of dental caries in bitewing radiographs with human-level performance.

Materials And Methods: A dataset of 3989 bitewing radiographs was created, and 7257 carious lesions were annotated using minimal bounding boxes. The dataset was then divided into 3 parts for the training (70%), validation (15%), and testing (15%) of multiple object detection convolutional neural networks (CNN).

The Influence of Various Adhesive Systems and Polishing Methods on Enamel Surface Roughness after Debonding of Orthodontic Brackets: A Three-Dimensional In Vitro Evaluation.

A slight alteration of the enamel surface is inevitable upon debonding of orthodontic brackets, adhesive removal, and finishing/polishing. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare two adhesives and three polishing methods by measuring enamel surface roughness using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Brackets were bonded on 42 extracted human premolars using Transbond XT (Transbond group) or Fuji Ortho (Fuji group).

Restoration of a Microdont Using the Resin Composite Injection Technique With a Fully Digital Workflow: A Flexible 3D-printed Index With a Stabilization Holder.

Direct composite restorations are accepted as a treatment option for microdontia, which is a relatively prevalent condition that poses esthetic concerns. While free-hand composite placement is technique-sensitive and time-consuming, the resin composite injection technique is more straightforward and predictable. A fully digital workflow has been recently introduced, but the 3D-printed resin index is rigid and challenged by undercuts, as opposed to the silicone index.

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy as a Novel Method of Caries Detection-An In Vitro Comparative Study in Permanent Teeth.

This in vitro study aimed to compare outcomes of dental caries detection using visual inspection classified according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) with objective assessments using a well-established laser fluorescence system (Diagnodent pen) and a novel diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) device. One hundred extracted permanent premolars and molars were utilized, including sound teeth, teeth with non-cavitated caries, or teeth with small cavitated lesions. A total of 300 regions of interest (ROIs) were assessed using each detection method.

Does the thickness of universal-shade composites affect the ability to reflect the color of background dentin?

The recently introduced resin composites with a universal shade are claimed to match any tooth color. In this study, it was examined how composite thickness affects the color adjustment of conventional and universal-shade composites to background dentin. Thirty sound human central incisors of various shade were used, and color differences between their intact labial surfaces, exposed dentin surfaces and composite restorations (thickness 1-3 mm) were evaluated.

Addition of metal chlorides to a HOCl conditioner can enhance bond strength to smear layer deproteinized dentin.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of smear layer deproteinization using hypochlorous acid (HOCl) with/without metal chlorides (SrCl and ZnCl) on the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of two simplified adhesives to dentin.

Methods: Human dentin surfaces with a standardized smear layer were pretreated using a 105 ppm HOCl solution with/without SrCl (0.05 M, 0.

Bonding of universal adhesives to bur-cut dentin: Effect of double application and dentin moisture level.

This study investigated how the double application of adhesives and dentin moisture level influence the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of universal adhesives containing different hydrophilic monomers to bur-cut dentin. Four universal adhesives (Scotchbond Universal, Clearfil Universal Bond Quick, Prime&Bond Universal, BeautiBond Universal) were applied to wet and dry bur-cut dentin either in one or two layers. The µTBS test was performed after 25,000 thermal cycles, and scanning electron microscopy was used for the analysis of failure mode and interfacial ultrastructure.

Smear layer deproteinization with NaOCl and HOCl: Do application/wash-out times affect dentin bonding of one-step self-etch adhesives?

This study investigated the influence of application/wash-out times of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) on dentin bond strength of one-step self-etch adhesives (1-SEAs). Human coronal dentin discs with a standardized smear layer were pretreated with 6% NaOCl or 100 ppm HOCl for 5 s, 15 s, or 30 s, and washed out with water for 5 s, 15 s or 30 s with or without the application of Clearfil DC Activator (CDA). No pretreatment was used as a control.

Sodium -Toluenesulfinate Enhances the Bonding Durability of Universal Adhesives on Deproteinized Eroded Dentin.

The effects of deproteinization using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and the subsequent application of an antioxidant (sodium -toluenesulfinate, STS) onto the bonding durability of universal adhesives on eroded dentin were investigated. Untreated sound dentin served as the control, whereas eroded dentin, which had been prepared by pH-cycling in 1% citric acid and a remineralization solution, was either untreated, deproteinized with a 10% NaOCl gel or deproteinized with the 10% NaOCl gel and subsequently treated with an STS-containing agent. The dentin surfaces were bonded using a universal adhesive (Clearfil Universal Bond Quick, Scotchbond Universal or G-Premio Bond), and the micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) test was performed after 24 h or 10,000 thermal cycles.

Regional ultimate tensile strength and water sorption/solubility of bulk-fill and conventional resin composites: The effect of long-term water storage.

The effect of long-term water storage on the regional ultimate tensile strength (UTS), water sorption (W) and water solubility (W) of conventional and bulk-fill resin composites at various depths was investigated. Composite specimens light-cured from one side were sectioned into beams corresponding to different depths (1-5 mm) and stored in water for 24 h, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months or 1 year. UTS increased during the first week and then gradually decreased over time, especially in deeper regions.

UV-Mediated Photofunctionalization of Indirect Restorative Materials Enhances Bonding to a Resin-Based Luting Agent.

Purpose: The potential of UV-mediated photofunctionalization to enhance the resin-based luting agent bonding performance to aged materials was investigated.

Methods: Sixty samples of each material were prepared. Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YZr) and Pd-Au alloy (Pd-Au) plates were fabricated and sandblasted.

Clinical effectiveness of direct resin composite restorations bonded using one-step or two-step self-etch adhesive systems: A three-year multicenter study.

The purpose of this multicenter clinical study was to compare the mid-term clinical effectiveness of direct resin composite restorations using one-step or two-step self-etch adhesives (1-SEAs or 2-SEAs). In total, 352 restorations of class I-V cavities and non-carious cervical lesions in vital teeth (1-SEAs; 52 cases, 2-SEAs; 300 cases) were placed at nine university hospitals and evaluated according to the modified USPHS criteria at baseline, and after 1, 2, and 3 years. The recall rates were 86.

Color adjustment potential of single-shade resin composite to various-shade human teeth: Effect of structural color phenomenon.

This study evaluated the effect of the structural color phenomenon in resin composites (RCs) on the color adjustment of restorations by investgating their color reproduction performance in human incisors of various shade. Cervical cavities were filled with a single-shade RC with 260 nm spherical fillers (Omnichroma (OMN)), conventional A2-shade RCs (Estelite Σ Quick or Clearfil AP-X), or experimental RCs with 5-50 nm fumed silica fillers (R1) and 100 nm spherical fillers (R2). Color parameters (L*C*h*) were measured using a CIE XYZ camera along the centerline of the restorations, and the color difference (∆E) between corresponding areas of intact and restored teeth was calculated.

Degree of conversion and dentin bond strength of light-cured multi-mode adhesives pretreated or mixed with sulfinate agents.

The influence of sulfinate agents applied as a dentin pretreatment or a mixture with multi-mode one-step self-etch adhesives (1-SEAs) on the degree of conversion (DC) and micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) of light-cured 1-SEAs was investigated. 1-SEAs Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (UBQ) or Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SBU) were applied to dentin in etch&rinse or self-etch mode using various application strategies: 1) no pretreatment, 2) pretreatment with 90 wt% ethanol, 3) pretreatment with a sulfinate agent Clearfil DC Activator (UDC) or Scotchbond Universal DCA (SDC), or 4) a mixture of UBQ+UDC or SBU+SDC. μTBS was measured after 24 h.

Additive effects of touch-activated polymerization and extended irradiation time on bonding of light-activated adhesives to root canal dentin.

Statement Of Problem: The bonding of light-activated adhesives to root canal dentin with an additional touch-polymerization activator has been insufficiently examined.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of touch-polymerization activators and extended light-irradiation time on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of light-activated adhesives.

Material And Methods: Post cavities were prepared in 50 extracted mandibular premolars and bonded using Prime&Bond Universal (PBU); PBU+Self Cure Activator (SCA); Clearfil SE Bond 2 (SEB); SEB+Clearfil DC Activator (DCA); or Clearfil Universal Bond Quick ER (UBQ).

Influence of central and peripheral dentin on micro-tensile bond strength estimated using a competing risk model.

The bonding performance of dental adhesives is most frequently evaluated using the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) test. Despite lacking evidence, peripheral specimens are often discarded to avoid regional variability. This study, therefore, examined whether μTBS to central and peripheral dentin differed.

Effect of water storage and thermocycling on light transmission properties, translucency and refractive index of nanofilled flowable composites.

The effect of 1-week water storage and subsequent 10,000 thermal cycles on light transmission properties (straight-line transmission (G0), diffusion (DF), the amount of transmitted light (AV)), translucency parameter (TP) and refractive index (RI) of four nanofilled flowable composites was examined. The composites included Filtek Supreme Ultra Flowable Restorative (FSU), Estelite Flow Quick (EFQ), Estelite Universal Flow, (EUF), and Clearfil Majesty ES Flow (ESF), all of A3 shade. For composites with lower filler load (FSU, EFQ), water storage increased G0, AV and TP, but subsequent thermocycling decreased them.

The effect of curing mode of dual-cure resin cements on bonding performance of universal adhesives to enamel, dentin and various restorative materials.

The effect of curing mode of dual-cure resin cements on the tensile bond strength (TBS) of universal adhesives to enamel, dentin, zirconia, lithium disilicate ceramics (LDS), feldspathic porcelain (FP), and a Pd-Au alloy was evaluated. The substrates were bonded using Tokuyama Universal Bond (TUB) or Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SBU), followed by luting with Estecem II (ECII) or Rely-X Ultimate (RXU), respectively, which were used either in light-curing or self-curing mode. The TBS test was performed after 24 h or 5,000 thermal cycles.