Comparative analysis of the effects of different purification methods on the yield and purity of cow milk extracellular vesicles.

Isolation of extracellular vesicles (EV) has been developing rapidly in parallel with the interest in EVs. However, commonly utilized protocols may not suit more challenging sample matrixes and could potentially yield suboptimal results. Knowing and assessing the pitfalls of isolation procedure to be used, should be involved to some extent for EV analytics.

Taxonomic inventory and distributions of Chenopodiaceae (Amaranthaceae s.l.) in Orenburg Region, Russia.

Background: Orenburg Region is located in the South Urals, mostly in the steppe zone and is characterised by various landscapes suitable for many Chenopodiaceae. The species of Chenopodiaceae are present in all major plant communities (saline vegetation, steppes, on limestone, chalk and sand, and as degraded or ruderal communities). In the steppe zone, many native subshrubby species (, , ) playing a crucial role in semi-deserts (known as southern steppes in the recent Russian literature) located southwards of Orenburg Region are locally found, and several annuals (, spp.

Atlas Florae Europaeae notes, 33. Taxonomic synopsis of East European species of the group (Fabaceae).

A group of species of Cytisussect.Tubocytisus with strictly lateral inflorescences, commonly referred to as s.l.

Atlas Florae Europaeae notes, 35. Further critical notes on Cytisussect.Tubocytisus (Fabaceae) in Europe.

A few species names in Cytisussect.Tubocytisus are re-assessed and taxonomically evaluated. Diagnostic characters are discussed and the species status of Janka, Boiss.

Atlas Florae Europaeae notes, 34. Distributions and two conservation profiles of East European species of the group (Fabaceae).

Background: The group (Fabaceae) includes small shrubs with attractive yellow flowers, used in ornamental cultivation. It is widely distributed in southern forest, forest steppe and steppe zones of Eastern Europe, both in the lowlands and low mountains. This group is notorious for its taxonomic complexity and difficulties in identification, which accounted for incongruent taxonomic treatments and common identification errors, and resulted in a poor understanding of the distribution areas.

From maternal glucocorticoid and thyroid hormones to epigenetic regulation of offspring gene expression: An experimental study in a wild bird species.

Offspring phenotype at birth is determined by its genotype and the prenatal environment including exposure to maternal hormones. Variation in both maternal glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones can affect offspring phenotype, but the underlying molecular mechanisms, especially those contributing to long-lasting effects, remain unclear. Epigenetic changes (such as DNA methylation) have been postulated as mediators of long-lasting effects of early-life environment.

Taxonomic revision of the group (Asteraceae) in Murmansk Region, Russia, reveals a complex pattern of native and alien taxa.

Based on the evidence of morphology and a comprehensive revision of herbarium collections and field records, the taxonomy of the group in Murmansk Region, European Russia, is completely revised. Its accepted diversity is increased from 2 to 8 taxa, including putative hybrids. The only native species, , is distributed in mountainous regions, along sea coasts and in the Kutsa River basin.

Amplicon metagenomics of dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) as a proxy for lemur (Primates, Lemuroidea) studies in Madagascar.

Dung beetles (Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) are among the most cost-effective and informative biodiversity indicator groups, conveying rich information about the status of habitats and faunas of an area. Yet their use for monitoring the mammal species, that are the main providers of the food for the dung beetles, has only recently been recognized. In the present work, we studied the diet of four endemic Madagascan dung beetles ( (Fairmaire), (Harold), (Boucomont), and Fairmaire) using high-throughput sequencing and amplicon metagenomics.

A new species of (Amaranthaceae) from the Indian subcontinent.

A new subshrubby C-species from the lowlands and foothills of India, Pakistan and SE Afghanistan, , is described and illustrated. Previously, it was incorrectly identified as auct. non C.

Taxonomy of and complexes (lichenized Ascomycota, Verrucariales) in Finland.

The taxonomy of lichen species morphologically similar to and in Finland is being revised. Based on ITS and morphology, ten species occur in Finland. All species are restricted to calcareous rocks.

Taxonomy and nomenclature of (Malvaceae, Malvoideae), a cryptic Saharo-Canarian species recently rediscovered in Tenerife.

, a cryptic Saharo-Canarian species, was thought to have been last collected in 1945 in Tenerife by E.R. Sventenius.

MycoPins: a metabarcoding-based method to monitor fungal colonization of fine woody debris.

The MycoPins method described here is a rapid and affordable protocol to monitor early colonization events in communities of wood-inhabiting fungi in fine woody debris. It includes easy to implement field sampling techniques and sample processing, followed by data processing, and analysis of the development of early dead wood fungal communities. The method is based on fieldwork from a time series experiment on standard sterilized colonization targets followed by the metabarcoding analysis and automated molecular identification of species.

Species conservation profile and revision of (Lamiaceae, Lamiales), a narrow endemic of the Western Tian-Shan.

Background: (Lamiaceae) has been considered a species of highest conservation priority due to its narrow distribution and isolated taxonomic position. The species has been known from Uzbekistan and, questionably, Kyrgyzstan and treated as endemic to the Western Tian-Shan. Its modern conservation status according to the IUCN Criteria has not been established.

Research Infrastructure Contact Zones: a framework and dataset to characterise the activities of major biodiversity informatics initiatives.

Background: The landscape of biodiversity data infrastructures and organisations is complex and fragmented. Many occupy specialised niches representing narrow segments of the multidimensional biodiversity informatics space, while others operate across a broad front, but differ from others by data type(s) handled, their geographic scope and the life cycle phase(s) of the data they support. In an effort to characterise the various dimensions of the biodiversity informatics landscape, we developed a framework and dataset to survey these dimensions for ten organisations (DiSSCo, GBIF, iBOL, Catalogue of Life, iNaturalist, Biodiversity Heritage Library, GeoCASe, LifeWatch, eLTER ELIXIR), relative to both their current activities and long-term strategic ambitions.

Mapping a Country Image from Global News Reports about COVID-19 Pandemic.

Unlabelled: The outbreak of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has infected hundreds of millions of people worldwide and caused millions of deaths. This study used media analysis and correlation analysis to elucidate the significant differences in the ways in which news reports from 228 countries discussed a specific country when covering the COVID-19 pandemic. Media reports analysed in this study were collected from the Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone project (GDELT).

The first checklist of alien vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan, with new records and critical evaluation of earlier data. Contribution 2.

Background: We continue the inventory of alien vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan, with emphasis on the time and pathways of introduction of the species and their current status in the territory. Each taxon is discussed in the context of plant invasions in Central Asia. This work is a further development of the preliminary checklist of alien plants of Kyrgyzstan, which was compiled for the Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species in 2018.

Revision of Neotropical Scythrididae moths and descriptions of 22 new species from Argentina, Chile, and Peru (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea).

The taxonomy of South American Scythrididae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) is revised, based on external morphology, genitalia, male abdominal segment VIII, and DNA barcodes using genetic distances, BINs, and a tentative molecular phylogeny. Data include both historical and fresh specimens from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Peru. Thirty-four species are recognised as valid, and the fauna classified in three genera.

Island hoppers: Integrative taxonomic revision of wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae) endemic to the Madeira islands with description of a new species.

Because of their ability for aerial dispersal using silk and preference for open habitats, many wolf spiders are formidable colonisers. Pioneering arachnologists were already aware of the large and colourful wolf spiders in the Madeira archipelago, currently included in the genus Simon, 1885. The origins were investigated and species boundaries of Madeiran examined by integrating target-gene and morphological information.

Integrative taxonomy reveals overlooked cryptic diversity in the conifer feeding (Zeller, 1839) (Lepidoptera, Batrachedridae).

During efforts to generate DNA barcodes for all European Lepidoptera, (Zeller, 1839) was found to comprise two genetically distinct clusters. Morphological investigation and results from two nuclear markers and ddRAD sequencing furthermore support the existence of two distinct taxa which we treat as two separate species, and A lectotype for is designated. Available data indicate that the biology of both species also differs, with (L.

New records in non-native vascular plants of Russian Lapland.

Background: The non-native vascular plants of Murmansk Region (European Russia) are under active investigation towards the compilation of the first complete checklist. This work is part of the project 'Flora of Russian Lapland', which ultimately aims at the complete inventory of the taxonomy, distribution and status of vascular plant species in Murmansk Region, based on the comprehensive database of herbarium specimens, field observations and literature.

New Information: New territory-level records of non-native vascular plants emerged during our inventory of herbarium collections and recent fieldwork.

The first checklist of alien vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan, with new records and critical evaluation of earlier data. Contribution 1.

Background: National checklists of alien plants and detailed databases of non-native plant occurrences are required to study and control regional and global plant invasions. No country in Central Asia has a national checklist of alien plants. A recent inventory counted 183 alien plant species in Kyrgyzstan, including archaeophytes and neophytes, established and casual.

Extinct before discovered? sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae), the first native dung beetle to Réunion island.

We describe a new species of dung beetle, , from a single female specimen allegedly collected in the 19 century on Réunion island and recently found at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. This species differs from other species of by larger size and a set of other distinctive morphological characters. is the first native dung beetle (Scarabaeinae) of Réunion, and its discovery expands the known area of distribution of the genus , which was hitherto believed to be endemic to Madagascar.

Genetic Profile of Endotoxemia Reveals an Association With Thromboembolism and Stroke.

Background Translocation of lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria into the systemic circulation results in endotoxemia. In addition to acute infections, endotoxemia is detected in cardiometabolic disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases and obesity. Methods and Results We performed a genome-wide association study of serum lipopolysaccharide activity in 11 296 individuals from 6 different Finnish study cohorts.