Methylaluminoxane Reactivities and Anionic Structures: From Small Oligomers to Large Sheets.

The structure and reactivity of small methylaluminoxane (MAO) species (MeAlO)n(Me3Al)m (n = 1-8) have been investigated using DFT (M06-2X), MP2, and CCSD(T) calculations. This hierarchy of methods reveals that DFT artificially stabilizes structures containing 4-coordinate oxygen atoms while higher-level calculations demonstrate a clear preference for structures with 3-coordinate oxygen and 4-coordinate aluminum centers. Analysis of ionization pathways shows these neutral MAO molecules form anions through either methide or Me2Al+ abstraction, with the latter mechanism dominant for sheet structures (n = 5-8).

An In Vivo Biostability Evaluation of ALD and Parylene-ALD Multilayers as Micro-Packaging Solutions for Small Single-Chip Implants.

Miniaturization of next-generation active neural implants requires novel micro-packaging solutions that can maintain their long-term coating performance in the body. This work presents two thin-film coatings and evaluates their biostability and in vivo performance over a 7-month animal study. To evaluate the coatings on representative surfaces, two silicon microchips with different surface microtopography are used.

Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Classes in MASK-air Users.

Background And Objectives: The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines classify rhinitis as "intermittent" or "persistent" and "mild" or "moderate-severe". To assess ARIA classes in a real-world study in terms of phenotypic differences and their association with asthma.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional real-world study based on users of the MASK-air® app who reported data for at least 3 different months.

Reverse Time-to-Death as Time-Scale in Time-to-Event Analysis for Studies of Advanced Illness and Palliative Care.

Incidence of adverse outcome events rises as patients with advanced illness approach end-of-life. Exposures that tend to occur near end-of-life, for example, use of wheelchair, oxygen therapy and palliative care, may therefore be found associated with the incidence of the adverse outcomes. We propose a concept of reverse time-to-death (rTTD) and its use for the time-scale in time-to-event analysis based on partial likelihood to mitigate the time-varying confounding.

Plasmonic Single-Molecule Affinity Detection at 10 Molar.

DNA can be readily amplified through replication, enabling the detection of a single-target copy. A comparable performance for proteins in immunoassays has yet to be fully assessed. Surface-plasmon-resonance (SPR) serves as a probe capable of performing assays at concentrations typically around 10⁻⁹ molar.

Dynamic Outlier Slicing Allows Broader Exploration of Adaptive Divergence: A Comparison of Individual Genome and Pool-Seq Data Linked to Humic Adaptation in Perch.

How genetic variation contributes to adaptation at different environments is a central focus in evolutionary biology. However, most free-living species still lack a comprehensive understanding of the primary molecular mechanisms of adaptation. Here, we characterised the targets of selection associated with drastically different aquatic environments-humic and clear water-in the common freshwater fish, Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis).

Correlation of zero echo time functional MRI with neuronal activity in rats.

Zero echo time (zero-TE) pulse sequences provide a quiet and artifact-free alternative to conventional functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) pulse sequences. The fast readouts (<1 ms) utilized in zero-TE fMRI produce an image contrast with negligible contributions from blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) mechanisms, yet the zero-TE contrast is highly sensitive to brain function. However, the precise relationship between the zero-TE contrast and neuronal activity has not been determined.

Interaction between opium use and cigarette smoking on bladder cancer: An inverse probability weighting approach based on a multicenter case-control study in Iran.

Introduction: Opium and cigarette smoking have been identified as significant cancer risk factors. Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified opium as a Group 1 carcinogen in 2020.

Method: Using data from a multicenter case-control study in Iran called IROPICAN, involving 717 cases of bladder cancer and 3477 controls, we assessed the interactions on the causal additive scale between opium use and cigarette smoking and their attributing effects to evaluate public health relevance and test for different mechanistic interaction forms to provide new insights for developing of bladder cancer.

Early subacute frontal callosal microstructure and language outcomes after stroke.

The integrity of the frontal segment of the corpus callosum, forceps minor, is particularly susceptible to age-related degradation and has been associated with cognitive outcomes in both healthy and pathological ageing. The predictive relevance of forceps minor integrity in relation to cognitive outcomes following a stroke remains unexplored. Our goal was to evaluate whether the heterogeneity of forceps minor integrity, assessed early after stroke onset (2-6 weeks), contributes to explaining variance in longitudinal outcomes in post-stroke aphasia.

A customizable wireless potentiostat for assessing Ni(OH) decorated vertically aligned MoS thin films for electrochemical sensing of dopamine.

In this study, we show that on-chip grown, vertically aligned MoS films that are decorated with Ni(OH) catalyst are suitable materials to be applied as working electrodes in electrochemical sensing. The constructed sensors display a highly repeatable response to dopamine, used as a model analyte, in a large dynamic range from 1 μM to 1 mM with a theoretical detection limit of 0.1 μM.

The effect of feedstock concentration on the crystal phase, morphology, and optical properties of WO nanostructures.

In this study, the effect of feedstock concentration on the synthesis of WO nanostructures in a one-step hydrothermal process was investigated. According to our experiments, when titrating aqueous NaWO·2HO with HCl solutions of different concentrations to a constant pH of 1.5, after identical hydrothermal treatments at 180 °C, the morphology, crystal size and phase composition as well as the optical properties of the products could be tuned.

Microbial communities in the phyllosphere and endosphere of Norway spruce under attack by .

species complex has been regarded as the most destructive disease agent of conifer trees in boreal forests. Tree microbiome can regulate the plant-pathogen interactions by influencing both host resistance and pathogen virulence. Such information would help to improve the future health of forests and explore strategies to enhance ecosystem stability.

Avian influenza annual report 2023.

All European Union (EU) Member States (MSs), along with Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland), conduct surveillance for avian influenza (AI) in poultry and wild birds. EFSA, upon mandate of the European Commission, compiles and analyses this data in an annual report. This summary highlights findings from the 2023 surveillance activities.

Recommendations for Mental Health Chatbot Conversations: An Integrative Review.

Aim: To identify and synthesise recommendations and guidelines for mental health chatbot conversational design.

Design: Integrative review.

Methods: Suitable publications presenting recommendations or guidelines for mental health conversational design were included.

Parent and Carer Experiences of Health Care Professionals' Communications About a Child's Higher Weight: a Qualitative Systematic Review.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to identify, critically appraise, and synthesize the best available qualitative evidence on parent and carer experiences of communications by health care professionals (HCPs) concerning children's higher weight.

Introduction: A child's higher weight can be a sensitive issue to discuss in health care, but successful communication with parents can increase parental compliance with treatment and improve overall family welfare. Public discourse on obesity has shifted in recent years and created pressure to change the way that weight is discussed in health care.

Fear of childbirth and psychiatric disorders decrease the likelihood of subsequent births: a retrospective register-based cohort study.

Background: Mirroring other developed countries globally, the birth rate has decreased in Finland in recent years. The effects of a fear of childbirth (FOC) and psychiatric disorders on the likelihood of having more than one child remain relatively unstudied. This study aims to assess the influence of FOC, psychiatric disorders, and the mode of first delivery on the likelihood of the second birth among primiparous women.

Increased PD-1 expression in livers associated with PD-1-antibody-induced hepatotoxicity.

Vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS) is a serious drug induced liver injury characterized by chronic cholestasis and loss of intrahepatic bile ducts. VBDS has been reported also following checkpoint inhibitor treatment. We compared CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + , CD20 + , CD57 + , PD-1 + and PD-L1 + lymphocyte infiltrates in liver biopsies of patients that encountered VBDS (n = 2) or hepatotoxicity (n = 3) after pembrolizumab (n = 4) or nivolumab (n = 1) treatment with samples from normal liver (n = 10), non-alcohol steatohepatitis (NASH, n = 10), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC, n = 10) or pembrolizumab-treated patients without adverse events (n = 2).

Epigenome-wide association study of objectively measured physical activity in peripheral blood leukocytes.

Background: Few studies have explored the association between DNA methylation and physical activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of objectively measured hours of sedentary behavior (SB) and moderate physical activity (MPA) with DNA methylation. We further aimed to explore the association between SB or MPA related CpG sites and cardiometabolic traits, gene expression, and genetic variation.

Comparisons of Physicians', Nurses', and Social Welfare Professionals' Experiences With Participation in Information System Development: Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

Background: The integration of health care and social welfare services together with the consolidation of health care information systems (HISs) and client information systems (CISs) has become a timely topic. Despite this development, there is a scarcity of systematic research on physicians', registered nurses' (RNs) and social welfare professionals' (SWPs) experiences of participating in the development of HISs and CISs.

Objective: This study aimed to examine how physicians, RNs and SWPs experience collaboration with HIS or CIS vendors, and what kinds of end users have participated in HIS or CIS development.

IFN-γ reprograms cardiac microvascular endothelial cells to mediate doxorubicin transport and influences the sensitivity of mice to doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a first-line chemotherapy agent known for its cardiac toxicity. DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) severely limits the use for treating malignant tumors and is associated with a poor prognosis. The sensitivity to DIC varies among patients, but the precise mechanisms remain elusive.

Tyre rubber exposure causes oxidative stress and intracellular damage in the Baltic clam (Macoma balthica).

Car tyres are considered to release a substantial amount of particles to the environment. Due to the high emission volumes and the chemical risks associated with tyre rubber, there is an urgent need to quantify their ecotoxicological effects. The effects of exposure to particles derived from end-of-life tyres were investigated on the Baltic clam (Macoma balthica), which is one of the key invertebrate species living in the soft-bottom sediments of the northern Baltic Sea.

Synergistic combination of orally available safe-in-man pleconaril, AG7404, and mindeudesivir inhibits enterovirus infections in human cell and organoid cultures.

Enteroviruses can infect various human organs, causing diseases such as meningitis, the common cold, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, myocarditis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, poliomyelitis, sepsis, and type 1 diabetes. Currently, there are no approved treatments for enterovirus infections. In this study, we identified a synergistic combination of orally available, safe-in-man pleconaril, AG7404, and mindeudesivir, that at non-toxic concentrations effectively inhibited enterovirus replication in human cell and organoid cultures.

Mechanisms of change in an online acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for insomnia.

Insomnia, i.e., difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, is a common condition that is connected to many psychological and physical problems.

Preterm birth and risk of bone fractures during childhood and early adulthood.

People born preterm have reduced bone mineral density, subnormal peak bone mass, and an increased risk of osteoporosis. Whether this translates to increased risk of bone fractures is uncertain. We assessed fracture risk from childhood to early adulthood in relation to gestational age and sex by conducting a nationwide register-linkage cohort study comprising all 223 615 liveborn (1/1987- 9/1990) singletons (9161, 4.

Investigating the interactions between a poloxamer and TEMPO-oxidised cellulose nanocrystals.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have emerged as promising, sustainable materials, with applications in sensors, coatings, pharmaceuticals, and composites. Their modification with block copolymers such as PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers of the Pluronic family has been attempted many times in the literature, with claims that such modification would happen by an anchor(PEO)-buoy(PPO)-anchor(PEO) mechanism. However, there is much disagreement in the literature on this.