Explainable attention based breast tumor segmentation using a combination of UNet, ResNet, DenseNet, and EfficientNet models.

This study utilizes the Breast Ultrasound Image (BUSI) dataset to present a deep learning technique for breast tumor segmentation based on a modified UNet architecture. To improve segmentation accuracy, the model integrates attention mechanisms, such as the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) and Non-Local Attention, with advanced encoder architectures, including ResNet, DenseNet, and EfficientNet. These attention mechanisms enable the model to focus more effectively on relevant tumor areas, resulting in significant performance improvements.

Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel substituted imidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline derivatives as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors with bioactivity and molecular docking insights.

α-Glucosidase inhibitors are important in the treatment of type 2 diabetes by regulating blood glucose levels and reducing carbohydrate absorption. The present study focuses on identifying new inhibitors bearing imidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline backbone through multi-step synthesis. The inhibitory potencies of the novel derivatives were tested against Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase, revealing IC values ranging from 50.

The cardiac toxicity of PAMAM dendrimer drug delivery systems can be attenuated with the adjunct use of cardioprotective agents.

Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer nanoparticles are efficient drug delivery vectors with potential clinical applications in nanomedicine. However, PAMAMs can compromise heart function, and strategies to mitigate cardiotoxicity would be beneficial. In this study, we investigated whether the adjunct use of three key cardioprotective agents could prevent the cardiac injury induced by a seventh-generation cationic PAMAM dendrimer (G7).

Innovative boxing training program outperforms the traditional scapular stabilization training program in post-stroke patients.

Facilitating the restoration of upper limb functionality is a key objective of stroke rehabilitation. This study aimed to compare the effects of boxing and scapular stabilization training on scapular mobility, balance angle, muscle strength, motor function, and satisfaction in hemiparetic patients. A total of sixty patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the boxing group (BG; n = 20), the scapular stabilization group (SSG; n = 20), or the control group (CG; n = 20) which received no treatment at all.

Comparison of the effects of submucosal hyaluronidase and dexamethasone on postoperative edema, pain, trismus, and infection following impacted third molar surgery.

Background: Limiting postoperative edema, pain, trismus, and infection is crucial for smooth healing. This prospective, controlled clinical trial investigated and compared the effectiveness of dexamethasone and hyaluronidase in relieving these complications.

Methods: In groups Ia and IIa, 8 mg of dexamethasone and 150 IU of hyaluronidase were administered following the removal of impacted teeth, respectively.

In vitro studies support clinical trials showing platelet-rich fibrin-mediated local delivery of antibiotics improves outcomes in impacted mandibular third molar surgery.

Our previous clinical observations showed that platelet rich fibrin (PRF) can be used to deliver antibiotics to attenuate postoperative complications after unilaterally impacted mandibular third molar surgery (IMTMS). In order to begin understanding the mechanism involved in the beneficial effects of PRF-mediated delivery of antibiotics, studies were performed, which showed that PRF preparations containing amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or clindamycin significantly inhibited the growth of S. aureus bacteria.

Unlocking the neural mechanisms of consumer loan evaluations: an fNIRS and ML-based consumer neuroscience study.

Introduction: This study conducts a comprehensive exploration of the neurocognitive processes underlying consumer credit decision-making using cutting-edge techniques from neuroscience and machine learning (ML). Employing functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), the research examines the hemodynamic responses of participants while evaluating diverse credit offers.

Methods: The experimental phase of this study investigates the hemodynamic responses collected from 39 healthy participants with respect to different loan offers.

Dentist Mothers' Attitudes, Challenges and Facilitators in the Oral Health Promotion of Their Young Children.

Twice daily parental supervised brushing (PSB) is recommended for the effective oral hygiene of children with toothpaste including fluoride. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify dentist mothers' attitudes, challenges, and facilitators in the oral health promotion of their young children. An online questionnaire was prepared and distributed to dentists via e-mail with a link to the form.

Exploring the Behaviour Change Wheel and the Theoretical Domains Framework in interventions for mobile phone driver distraction: A scoping review.

Mobile phone use while driving remains a significant traffic safety concern. Although numerous interventions have been developed to address it, there is a gap in the synthesis of relevant information through a comprehensive behaviour change lens. This scoping review uses the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to examine the literature to (a) identify behavioural constructs targeted in interventions for mobile phone use while driving, (b) determine if the intervention success varied by sociodemographic group (e.

Biomechanical behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone as a dental implant material in implant-supported overdenture under mandibular trauma: A finite element analysis study.

Context: Implant-supported overdentures are well-known and widely accepted treatment modality to increase retention which is a crucial factor for determining patient satisfaction. The placement of two implants in the anterior region can be selected as a first-line treatment in patients with the atrophic mandibular ridge.

Aims: The purpose of this research was to assess the biomechanical effects of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) implant-supported overdenture in the event of 2,000 N forefront trauma to an atrophic edentulous mandible by using the finite element analysis method.

Country risk factors and banking sector stability: Do countries' income and risk-level matter? Evidence from global study.

Extant literature suggests the essential role of a country's vulnerability in decreasing the stability of the banking sectors. However, the effect of country-specific risks on banking sector stability remains largely understudied. This study specifically examines the impact of country risk, encompassing political, economic, and financial risks, on the banking sector stability from a global perspective.

Ecological footprint-technological innovations nexus: new empirical evidence from panel data estimations.

The aim of this approach is to establish a relation between ecological footprint and technological innovations by using panel data techniques and taking Union for the Mediterranean member countries as the case. On the one hand, the Mediterranean region is an alarming region when it comes to environmental degradation; on the other hand, existing intergovernmental organizations such as the Union for the Mediterranean may provide a sound ground to take common action among all members against such a degradation. The approach takes eleven member countries from the Union for the Mediterranean (Bosnia and Herzegovina, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia, Türkiye) and observes them for the time frame 1992-2020.

Cell phone-related driver distraction: Habits predict behavior over and above the theory of planned behavior variables.

Introduction: Habits have often been overlooked in studies investigating cell phone-related driver distractions. This paper examines the association between habits and cell phone-related driver distractions within a mediation model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Additionally, it explores potential differences in behaviors across urban and rural driving environments and between males and females.

Novel fluoroquinolones analogues bearing 4-(arylcarbamoyl)benzyl: design, synthesis, and antibacterial evaluation.

Bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolone has been increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. In an attempt to find more potent anti-bacterial agents, an efficient, straightforward protocol was performed to obtain a large substrate scope of novel ciprofloxacin and sarafloxacin analogues conjugated with 4-(arylcarbamoyl)benzyl 7a-ab. All prepared compounds were evaluated for their anti-bacterial activities against three gram-positive strains (Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis) as well as three gram-negative strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli) through three standard methods including broth microdilution, agar-disc diffusion, and agar-well diffusion assays.

Evaluation of the influence of hyoid bone position, volume, and types on pharyngeal airway volume and cephalometric measurements.

Objectives: We aimed to explore the position, morphological, and morphometric properties of the hyoid bone (HB) and to investigate the effect of HB on the pharyngeal airway (PA) volume and cephalometric measurements.

Methods: A total of 305 patients with CT images were included in the study. DICOM images were transferred to the InVivoDental three-dimensional imaging software.

The Common Point of Countries Successful Policies in the Struggle Against COVID-19: Women Leaders.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, which is one of the biggest epidemics of the last century and can be regarded as a global tragedy, leaders had to mobilize many resources of their countries quickly and persuade their citizens to change their routine behavior. The approach followed by the leaders of the country in their efforts to convince their people has been an important factor in their success or failure. This paper aims to examine with Michel Foucault's notion of biopower, and discourses and behaviors of women leaders in countries against the global pandemic which cost high life tool gave harsh messages to the humanity.

Environmental implication of energy policies and private and public subsidies on infant mortality rate: a sustainable development study of India.

India has remarkably achieved some level of decline in infant mortality rate and increase in aged person through increase in life expectancy due to improvement on its health care sector but still remain amongst the countries with the highest rate of infant mortality within the Asian countries. Literature on environmental implication remains scarce, and for this we utilised India's data from 1975 to 2020 to research on this topic. Relevant scientific methods (residual Augmented Least Squares - RALS, Engle and Granger - EG, and its newly augmented version - RALS-EG) are adopted in this study.

The effects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed out-of-hospital and in-hospital with manual or automatic device methods and laboratory parameters on survival of patients with cardiac arrest.

Objective: Determining the predictive factors for cardiac arrest may be helpful in the management of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and in estimating the outcome. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of demographic data, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) initiating setting, compression method, and laboratory parameters on survival from cardiac arrest.

Methods: A total of 414 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study.

Environmental sustainability in Vietnam: evaluating the criticality of economic globalisation, renewable energy, and natural resources.

Vietnam's goal of achieving a certain level of decarbonisation by 2030 is difficult despite its awareness of the threat posed by climate change. However, the country is endowed with natural resources and the increasing dependence on the global economy coupled with greater investment in alternative energy sources are some of the factors responsible for economic expansion in recent years. Hence, the question arises "what are the environmental impacts of economic globalisation, economic growth, natural resources, and renewable energy in Vietnam?", which constitutes a major policy problem.

In-Vitro Investigation of Marginal Adaptation and Fracture Resistance of Resin Matrix Ceramic Endo-Crown Restorations.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance and marginal adaptation of endo-crown restorations produced from different resin-matrix ceramics (RMS) and the effects of these materials on marginal adaptation and fracture resistance. Three frasaco models were used by preparing (first) premolar teeth in three different margin preparations: butt-joint, heavy chamfer and shoulder. Each group was further divided into four subgroups according to the type of restorative material used: Ambarino High Class (AHC), Voco Grandio (VG), Brilliant Crios (BC) and Shofu (S) ( = 30).

Cone-beam-computed tomography evaluation of mandibular nutrient canals in patients with periodontal diseases.

Background And Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate radiographically the prevalence of mandibular nutrient canals (NCs) in patients with/without periodontal bone loss with aging and to correlate the number of NCs with the severity of bone loss using cone-beam-computed tomography (CBCT).

Patients And Methods: CBCT examinations of 208 patients were evaluated retrospectively of all patients, 114 had periodontal bone loss, whereas 94 patients were control subjects. Alveolar bone loss investigations were performed according to the Progressive Rate Index.