Moderating effects of the valence of social interaction on the dysfunctional consequences of perseverative cognition: an ecological study in major depression and social anxiety disorder.

Background And Objectives: Major depression disorder (MDD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) are characterized by the use of perseverative cognition (PC) as a dysfunctional coping strategy. We sought to investigate the dysfunctional physiological and psychological consequences of PC and how the valence of social interactions moderates such consequences in these psychopathological conditions.

Design/methods: The study combined 24-hour heart rate variability (HRV) and ecological momentary assessments in 48 individuals with MDD, SAD, and sex-matched controls.

It's about Time: Effects of Physical Exertion on Duration Estimates.

Background: Task duration is a fundamental aspect of exercise, but little is known about how completed bouts of physical activity are perceived. Consequently, the purpose of the five experiments conducted for this investigation was to examine the effects of engaging in physical tasks on retrospective duration estimates with college student participants.

Methods: Across the five experiments, participants were 113 college students (82 women, 31 men).

Motherhood reimagined: Experiences of women with SMI surrounding parenting.

Objective: Much of the extant literature on women with serious mental illness (SMI) has focused on the risks associated with motherhood, including violence, custody loss, poverty, and homelessness. The present study was conducted to characterize women's broader experiences surrounding the parenting role.

Method: Twenty women with SMI, both those with and without children, were interviewed.

Preconditioning with atorvastatin against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in nondiabetic versus diabetic rats.

Acute renal failure complicates renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) owing to reactive oxygen species production. Atorvastatin (ATO) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The current study investigated whether ATO alleviated damage induced by renal I/R injury in nondiabetic versus diabetic rat models.

Pediatric Feeding Disorder: Consensus Definition and Conceptual Framework.

Pediatric feeding disorders (PFDs) lack a universally accepted definition. Feeding disorders require comprehensive assessment and treatment of 4 closely related, complementary domains (medical, psychosocial, and feeding skill-based systems and associated nutritional complications). Previous diagnostic paradigms have, however, typically defined feeding disorders using the lens of a single professional discipline and fail to characterize associated functional limitations that are critical to plan appropriate interventions and improve quality of life.

Development of a gender-sensitive and recovery-oriented intervention for women with serious mental illness.

Objective: A pilot study was conducted to develop and provide a formative evaluation of a group intervention for women with serious mental illness, Women's Empowerment and Recovery-Oriented Care (WE-ROC).

Method: Ten women with serious mental illness were recruited from a mental health center to take part in the pilot study. Several measures were utilized to assess prepost changes in recovery and empowerment and to elicit participant feedback.

A new look for addiction training in psychology programs: Comment on Dimoff, Sayette, and Norcross (2017).

Dimoff, Sayette, and Norcross (2017) documented a serious omission in the education of psychologists. Their research showed a paucity of addiction training in doctoral programs despite the growing prevalence of addictions. Although their article briefly discussed possible explanations and barriers to explain this finding, the article itself was shaped by implicit assumptions about addiction training that contribute to the field's failure to embrace such training.

The Welch Emotional Connection Screen: validation of a brief mother-infant relational health screen.

Aim: The Welch Emotional Connection Screen (WECS), assesses mother-infant Emotional Connection in clinical settings. It includes: Attraction, Vocal Communication, Facial Communication, Sensitivity/Reciprocity and clinical decision of Emotional Connection (yes/no). We tested concurrent and construct validity of the WECS and associations with behavioural and physiological measures in preterm infants.

Reviving pragmatic theory of theory of mind.

Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to the ability to attribute mental states to self and others. It has been debated whether or not language capacity precedes ToM in development. Evidence from both neurological and developmental studies suggested that while linguistic capacity is important for ToM understanding, pragmatic component, which is a non-structural part of language, is more important for ToM.

Mechanisms of Behavior Change Within Peer-Implemented Alcohol Interventions.

Objective: Colleges continue to experience a high number of referred students because of campus alcohol violations. Subsequently, there has been a trend to use peer-implemented minimal interventions (PMIs), often using motivational interviewing (MI). However, little is known about how PMIs facilitate behavior change.

Postnatal anxiety prevalence, predictors and effects on development: A narrative review.

The increasing prevalence of postnatal anxiety highlights the need for summarizing the recent research on this condition to inform screening and intervention efforts. This narrative review of the literature was derived from a search on PubMed and PsycINFO for papers published since 2010. The demographic risk factors for postnatal anxiety include being a young mother, having more education and being employed.

Social Media Use and Happiness in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Social media (SM) use by adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is not well understood. Co-occurring mental health concerns, such as depression, are common for adults with ASD. The current investigation explored the relationship between SM use and happiness in a population of adults with self-disclosed ASD.

Social Group Stories in the Media and Child Development.

How do children and youth come to understand what it means to be a member of a particular race, gender, and other social groups? How do they come to hold beliefs about the groups that they do and do not belong to? Both news stories and fictional narratives that we are tuned into as a culture tell stories about what it means to be a member of a particular social group. In this review article, we relate the latest scientific knowledge on news and entertainment media representations of race, gender and other social categories and what they tell us about how these messages are taken in and processed by developing minds. We include research on identity development, social learning about members of other groups, and both positive and negative behavioral outcomes to cultural messages about race, gender, and other social categories.

Factors that support successful transition to the community among women leaving prison in British Columbia: a prospective cohort study using participatory action research.

Background: In Canada, the number of women sentenced to prison has almost doubled since 1995. In British Columbia, the rate of reincarceration is 70% within 2 years. Our aim was to identify factors associated with recidivism among women in British Columbia.

Preterm newborn pain research review.

This narrative review is based on a literature search of PubMed and PsycINFO for research on preterm newborn pain published during the last ten years. The high prevalence of painful procedures being performed with preterm newborns without analgesia (79%), with a median of 75 painful procedures being received during hospitalization and as many as 51 painful procedures per day highlights the importance of this problem. This review covers the pain assessments that have been developed, the short-term effects of the painful procedures, the longer-term developmental outcomes and the pharmacological and alternative therapies that have been researched.

Prenatal anxiety effects: A review.

This review is based on literature on prenatal anxiety effects that was found on Pubmed and PsycINFO for the years 2010-2016. Prenatal anxiety is thought to have distinct features, although it has been measured both by specific prenatal anxiety symptoms as well as by standardized anxiety scales. Its prevalence has ranged from 21 to 25% and it has been predicted by a number of pregnancy - related variables such as unintended pregnancy, demographic variables such as low acculturation and income and psychosocial factors including pessimism and partner tension.

Prenatal Depression Risk Factors, Developmental Effects and Interventions: A Review.

This narrative review based on a literature search in PubMed and PsycInfo on the two terms prenatal and antenatal depression includes empirical studies, reviews and meta-analyses that have been published during the last 5 years on risk factors, developmental effects and interventions for prenatal depression. Risk factor studies that met criteria feature demographic measures (lower socioeconomic status, less education, non-marital status, non-employment, less social support and health locus of control, unintended pregnancy, partner violence and history of child abuse) and physiological variables (cortisol, amylase, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and intrauterine artery resistance). The negative effects include postpartum depression, paternal depression, and prematurity and low birth weight.

Effects of Antecedent Manipulations and Social Reinforcement to Increase Lateral Positioning in a Premature Infant with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Recent research suggests supine positioning for sleeping infants is the safest position to prevent breathing related difficulties; however doing so can significantly increase obstruction in apneic infants resulting in decreased sleep quality. We implemented a multi-component treatment package compromised of antecedent interventions and parent-mediated social reinforcement to increase lateral positioning in a premature infant with obstructive sleep apnea. Results indicate that the intervention increased lateral positioning in the participant by over 80 % in the final phase of the study, indicating efficacy of the intervention.

Infant sleep problems and interventions: A review.

Infant sleep problems have been the focus of a growing literature over the last few years. The current review is based on literature searches of Pubmed and PsycInfo for studies published over the last few years including randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses on infant sleep problems and resulting developmental effected, risk factors and interventions. Several risk/protective factors for sleep problems have been identified including health literacy, TV in the room, feeding, close contact and arousing activities at bedtime, intolerance for infant crying, co-sleeping, maternal depression and infant temperament.

Escape Extinction and Negative Reinforcement in the Treatment of Pediatric Feeding Disorders: a Single Case Analysis.

Pediatric feeding disorders are common among children with developmental disabilities and can have detrimental effects on growth and development. An escape extinction and negative reinforcement-based approach to treating food refusal was examined in a child with cerebral palsy. A changing criterion treatment design was implemented, which allowed the child to exit the treatment area contingent upon the acceptance and ingestion of a pre-determined number of bites.

Neuropsychological assessment of executive functions following pediatric traumatic brain injury.

Assessment of executive functions in the adult is best captured at the stage where full maturation of brain development occurs. Assessment of executive functions of children, however, is considerably more complicated. First, assessment of executive functioning in children represents a snapshot of these developing functions at a particular time linked stage, which may have implications for further development.

Significance of Nonphysical Predictors of Distress in Cancer Survivors.

Background: The Distress Thermometer (DT) is a well-validated tool that is frequently used in patients with cancer to screen for general distress and to generate referrals. However, a majority of the DT problem list items relate to physical concerns; this may lead to psychosocial issues being overshadowed.

Objectives: The purpose of the current study is to examine the endorsement rates for nonphysical items, as well as the relationship between these items and overall DT scores.

Mothers massaging their newborns with lotion versus no lotion enhances mothers' and newborns' sleep.

Sleep is frequently interrupted in newborns and their mothers. Massage therapy is noted to facilitate sleep in adults and infants. Infant massage has also been more effective with oil versus no oil.