Oxidative Stress and Placental Pathogenesis: A Contemporary Overview of Potential Biomarkers and Emerging Therapeutics.

Oxidative stress (OS) plays a crucial role in placental pathogenesis and pregnancy-related complications. This review explores OS's impact on placental development and function, focusing on novel biomarkers for the early detection of at-risk pregnancies and emerging therapeutic strategies. We analyzed recent research on OS in placental pathophysiology, examining its sources, mechanisms, and effects.

Contributions Regarding the Study of Pulsatility and Resistivity Indices of Uterine Arteries in Term Pregnancies-A Prospective Study in Bucharest, Romania.

Pregnancy is a complex stage in a woman's life, considering the physical and psychological changes that occur. The introduction of Doppler studies of the pregnant woman's vessels and those of the fetus has proven to be a useful tool in evaluating the maternal-fetal relationship. : The study aims to assess the correlations of PI and RI values in term pregnancies.

Introduction to the Proteomic Analysis of Placentas with Fetal Growth Restriction and Impaired Lipid Metabolism.

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a disorder defined as the failure of a fetus to achieve its full biological development potential due to decreased placental function, which can be attributed to a range of reasons. FGR is linked to negative health outcomes during the perinatal period, including increased morbidity and mortality. Long-term health problems, such as impaired neurological and cognitive development, as well as cardiovascular and endocrine diseases, have also been found in adulthood.

PD-L1 expression and characterization of its carrier macrophages in placentas with acute and specifically post-SARS-CoV-2 infection.

At the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, uncertainties about the virus and its dangers during pregnancy caused great uncertainty and fear, especially among pregnant women. New data suggest an increased risk of obstetric complications, including maternal complications, preterm labor, intrauterine growth restriction, hypertensive disorders, stillbirths, gestational diabetes and risk, of neonatal developmental disorders. In addition, preeclampsia (PE)-like syndromes were also induced by severe COVID-19 infection.

Adverse birth and obstetric outcomes in the offspring of male adolescent and young adult cancer survivors: A nationwide population-based study.

Background The growing population of male adolescent and young adult (AYA, 15-40 years old) cancer survivors has heightened interest in their reproductive health. However, studies have reported conflicting findings on the potential risks of cancer and its treatments on birth and obstetric outcomes. Methods We utilized encrypted identification numbers for both fathers and mothers to link three nationwide Taiwan datasets from 2004 to 2019, identifying 3,785 births with a paternal history of AYA cancer.

Does Hypoxia Prompt Fetal Brain-Sparing in the Absence of Fetal Growth Restriction?

The fetus develops normally in a hypoxic environment but exaggerated hypoxia late in pregnancy is a worrisome sign often observed in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, placental insufficiency, or fetal growth restriction (FGR). Serial fetal biometry and the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR, calculated as the middle cerebral artery [MCA] / the umbilical artery [UmbA] pulsatility indices [PI]), are commonly used to indicate fetal "brain sparing" resulting from exaggerated fetal hypoxia. But unclear is the extent to which a low CPR indicates pathology or is a physiological response for maintaining cerebral blood flow.

Placental mesenchymal dysplasia: a rare case associated with second trimester fetal growth restriction.

Background: Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare, benign, placental disorder characterised macroscopically by an enlarged multi-cystic placenta. It is a condition associated with a range of reported clinical outcomes and can be misdiagnosed as a molar or partial molar pregnancy given the similarities in clinical presentation. We present an unusual case of PMD complicated by fetal growth restriction and oligohydramnios in the second trimester.

Fetal Growth Restriction: A Pragmatic Approach.

An accurate diagnosis of fetal growth restriction relies on a precise estimation of gestational age based on a carefully obtained history as well as early ultrasound, since a difference of just a few days can lead to a significant error. There is a continuum of risk for adverse outcome that depends on the certainty of dates and presence or absence of comorbidities, in addition to the estimated fetal weight percentile and the umbilical artery waveform. The results of several studies, most notably the TRUFFLE trial, demonstrate that optimal management of fetal growth restriction with an abnormal umbilical artery waveform requires daily electronic fetal heart rate monitoring, and this monitoring does not require computerized interpretation.

Nonsevere hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and oral antihypertensive medications: an argument against use.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, affect approximately 13% of all pregnancies and are a major cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the treatment of preeclampsia with severe features has been well established on the basis of randomized controlled data, international society guidelines vary on the treatment of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia without severe features. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends against the use of antihypertensive agents for nonsevere hypertension (blood pressure of <160/110 mm Hg) in both gestational hypertension and preeclampsia without severe features given a lack of level 1 evidence in support of treatment and the theoretical risk of masking of disease progression or causing adverse fetal effects, such as growth restriction.

Routine 36-week scan: prediction of small-for-gestational- age neonate.

Objectives: First, to compare the predictive performance of routine ultrasonographic estimated fetal weight (EFW) at 31 + 0 to 33 + 6 and 35 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation for delivery of a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonate. Second, to compare the predictive performance of EFW at 36 weeks' gestation for SGA vs fetal growth restriction (FGR) at birth. Third, to compare the predictive performance for delivery of a SGA neonate of EFW < 10 percentile vs a model combining maternal demographic characteristics and elements of medical history with EFW.

Perinatal outcomes after selective third-trimester ultrasound screening for small-for-gestational age: prospective cohort study nested within DESiGN randomized controlled trial.

Objective: In screening for small-for-gestational age (SGA) using third-trimester antenatal ultrasound, there are concerns about the low detection rates and potential for harm caused by both false-negative and false-positive screening results. Using a selective third-trimester ultrasound screening program, this study aimed to investigate the incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes among cases with (i) false-negative compared with true-positive SGA diagnosis and (ii) false-positive compared with true-negative SGA diagnosis.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was nested within the UK-based DESiGN trial, a prospective multicenter cohort study of singleton pregnancies without antenatally detected fetal anomalies, born at > 24 + 0 to < 43 + 0 weeks' gestation.

Co-infection of and soil-transmitted helminth among pregnant women in Abaya district, South Ethiopia: A community-based study.

Objectives: Co-infection of malaria with helminths poses significant risks, including fetomaternal hemorrhage, fetal growth retardation, spontaneous abortion, and preterm delivery. However, there is a lack of community studies to demonstrate the prevalence of co-infection of helminths with and soil-transmitted helminths (STH) and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 287 randomly selected pregnant women in the Abaya district from September to December 2022.

Understanding the impact of placental oxidative and nitrative stress in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction.

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) impacts approximately 10 % of all pregnancies worldwide and is associated with major adverse effects on fetal health in both the short- and long-term [1]. FGR most commonly arises as a result of impaired placentation, occurring in up to 60 % of cases in developed countries [2]. This narrative review outlines the impact of defective placentation on the placenta, focusing on redox imbalance, how this leads to placental oxidative and nitrative stress, and the implications of these stressors on placental nutrient transfer, premature replicative senescence, and trophoblast cell death.

METTL3 and IGF2BP2 coordinately regulate FOSL1 mRNA via m6A modification, suppressing trophoblast invasion and contributing to fetal growth restriction.

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) increases the risk of short-term and long-term complications. Widespread N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications on mRNAs have been found to be involved in various biological processes. However, the role of m6A modification in the pathogenesis of FGR remains elusive.

Novel mutation in patients with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPD II).

A rare type of autosomal recessive skeletal disorder, known as microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism (MOPD) type II, causes a wide range of clinical abnormalities, including skeletal dysplasia, microcephaly, abnormal skin pigmentation, insulin resistance, typical facial features, and severe tooth deformities. Given the diverse manifestations of MOPD disorders and the overlapping clinical characteristics among primordial dwarfism (PD) subtypes, mutation analysis is crucial for accurate diagnosis and confirmation of MOPD II. In this study, whole-exome sequencing (WES) and GAP-PCR were employed to identify relevant genetic variants in three patients suspected of having MOPD.

Ectopic Pregnancy in a Non-communicating Rudimentary Uterine Horn: A Case of Successful Medical Management and Literature Review.

A non-communicating rudimentary uterine horn is a Müllerian abnormality that manifests due to abnormal Müllerian duct development. This abnormality is associated with endometriosis, infertility, and pregnancy complications, including ectopic pregnancy, abnormal fetal presentation, abruption, increased fetal mortality and morbidity, preterm rupture of membranes, preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, and uterine rupture. If pregnancy does occur, there is a high risk of complications, most notably rupture of the rudimentary horn.