Injection Suppresses Production of Interleukin-6 by Activating Autophagy through the AMPK-mTOR Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages.

(AM), used in traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to enhance immune functions, and recently, its anti-inflammatory effects were identified. However, the mechanisms of action remain unclear. Most studies have shown that autophagy might be involved in the immune response of the body, including inflammation.

Chinese Medical Students' Attitudes toward Older Adults and Willingness To Consider a Career in Geriatric Medicine: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

: Ageism is a significant social issue, especially in China. Ageism adversely affects willingness to consider a career in geriatric medicine. However, few studies have examined this topic among Chinese medical students.

Conformational activation of ribosome recycling by intra- and inter-molecular dynamics of RRF.

Ribosome recycling is the final step of the cyclic process of translation, where the post-termination complex (PoTC) is disassembled by the concerted action of ribosome recycling factor (RRF) and elongation factor G (EF-G) in the sub-second time range. Since, however, both the RRF and PoTC display highly dynamic action during this process, it is difficult to assess the molecular details of the interactions between the factors and the ribosome that are essential for rapid subunit separation. Here we characterized the molecular dynamics of RRF and PoTC by combined use of molecular dynamics simulations, single molecule fluorescence detection and single-particle cryo-EM analysis, with time resolutions in the sub-millisecond to minute range.

Histone deacetylase-6 modulates amyloid beta-induced cognitive dysfunction rats by regulating PTK2B.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of histone deacetylase-6 (HDAC6) on the functional and pathological changes of the amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced cognitive dysfunction rats by regulating protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta (PTK2B). Ninety Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into nine groups, consisting of five experimental groups and four control groups. In five experimental groups, Aβ1-42 was infused intracerebroventricularly and 3 days later, rats in each group were infused intracerebroventricularly with tubastatin A hydrochloride (TSA), the HDAC6-specific inhibitor (Aβ + TSA group), theophylline, the HDACs agonist (Aβ + Theo group), PF431396 (PF), the PTK2B inhibitor (Aβ + PF group), the combination of PF and theophylline (Aβ + PF + Theo group), and normal saline (Aβ + normal saline group), respectively.

Histone deacetyltase 6 modulates amyloid β-induced cognitive dysfunction rats by regulating protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of histone deacetyltase (HDAC) 6 on the functional and pathological changes of the amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced cognitive dysfunction rats by regulating protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta (PTK2B). Ninety Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into nine groups, consisting of five experimental groups and four control groups. In five experimental groups, Aβ1-42 was infused intracerebroventricularly and 3 days later, rats in each group were infused intracerebroventricularly with tubastatin A hydrochloride (TSA), the histone deacetyltase 6 (HDAC6)-specific inhibitor (Aβ + TSA group), theophylline, the HDACs agonist (Aβ + theophylline group), PF431396, the PTK2B inhibitor (Aβ + PF group), the combination of PF431396 and theophylline (Aβ + PF + theophylline group) and normal saline (Aβ + normal saline group), respectively.

A Preliminary Study on the Effect and Mechanism of Breviscapine for Improving Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells.

Insulin resistance (IR) is known to be a critical factor, which can lead to the onset of type 2 diabetes. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has special advantages in treating IR, but the active components and action mechanisms of most TCM remain unclear. Therefore, the elucidation of the potential mechanisms is a major challenge in TCM research.

Challenge of parents caring for children or adolescents with early-stage schizophrenia in China: A qualitative study.

Purpose: To explore the challenges of parents caring for early-stage schizophrenia (ESS) children/adolescents in China.

Design And Methods: Thirteen parents of ESS subjects completed semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data.

Diagnosing chronic atrophic gastritis by gastroscopy using artificial intelligence.

Background: The sensitivity of endoscopy in diagnosing chronic atrophic gastritis is only 42%, and multipoint biopsy, despite being more accurate, is not always available.

Aims: This study aimed to construct a convolutional neural network to improve the diagnostic rate of chronic atrophic gastritis.

Methods: We collected 5470 images of the gastric antrums of 1699 patients and labeled them with their pathological findings.

Decreased secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α attenuates macrophages-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.

Aims: Macrophages, as an important member of immune system, engulf and digest pathogens in innate immunity and help initiate adaptive immunity. However, macrophages also involve in occurrence and development of many diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Here, we aimed to reveal how activated macrophages cause insulin resistance in skeletal muscle in vitro through simulating body environment.

Developments, applications, and prospects of cryo-electron microscopy.

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a structural biological method that is used to determine the 3D structures of biomacromolecules. After years of development, cryo-EM has made great achievements, which has led to a revolution in structural biology. In this article, the principle, characteristics, history, current situation, workflow, and common problems of cryo-EM are systematically reviewed.

Knowledge and attitudes toward end-of-life care among community health care providers and its influencing factors in China: A cross-sectional study.

A majority of nurses struggled with a negative emotion of anger, doubt, fear, or anxious, uncomfortable in the face of death and dying. However, little was known about community health care providers' in China. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate their knowledge and attitudes toward end-of-life care and analyze its influencing factors.

FMNL1 down-regulation suppresses bone metastasis through reducing TGF-β1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Approximately 40% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) develop bone metastasis. The formin protein formin-like 1 (FMNL1) plays a key role in the pathogenic processes of hematopoietic malignancies, and has been reported to be associated with the progression of multiple types of cancer. In the study, we found that FMNL1 expression was markedly up-regulated in primary NSCLC samples, and stronger expression of FNML1 was detected in bone metastasis.

Autophagy induced by enterovirus 71 regulates the production of IL-6 through the p38MAPK and ERK signaling pathways.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the main causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which has high morbidity and mortality. It mainly threatens children under six years of age. Because of a poor understanding of its pathogenesis, there are no effective drugs to control EV71 infection.

Antidiabetic Activity of Thunb Aqueous Extract in Diabetic KK-A Mice.

Objective: To evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of Picris japonica Thunb (Asteraceae) on KK-Ay mice.

Methods: The hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract (PJE) in a spontaneous type 2 diabetic model (KK-A mice) was studied in the present research. PJE was administrated at doses of 700 mg/kg and 350 mg/kg (calculated as crude herb) for 14 days and blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, plasma insulin level, and blood lipid were evaluated.

Fragile X mental retardation protein participates in non-coding RNA pathways.

Fragile X syndrome is one of the most common forms of inherited intellectual disability. It is caused by mutations of the Fragile X mental retardation 1(FMR1) gene, resulting in either the loss or abnormal expression of the Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Recent research showed that FMRP participates in non-coding RNA pathways and plays various important roles in physiology, thereby extending our knowledge of the pathogenesis of the Fragile X syndrome.

[Inhibition of autophagy initiation stage enhances camptothecin-induced apoptosis in NCI-H1975 cells].

Objective To explore the effect of autophagic inhibitors chloroquine (CQ) and 3-methyl adenine (3-MA) on apoptosis of non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma NCI-H1975 cells induced by camptothecin (CPT). Methods After NCI-H1975 cells were treated with CPT, cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay, morphological changes of cells were observed by PI staining, and the apoptosis of NCI-H1975 cells was determined by flow cytometry. The levels of autophagy-and apoptosis-related proteins LC3I, LC3II, P62, caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) were detected by Western blot analysis.

Autophagy and ER stress in LPS/GalN‑induced acute liver injury.

Numerous mechanisms and factors have been implicated in liver damage; however, the involvement of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress during early‑stage liver injury remains to be fully elucidated. The present study was conducted to determine the expression of autophagy and ER‑stress‑associated proteins in hepatic tissues following injury. A murine model of liver injury was induced by intraperitoneally injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D‑galactosamine (GalN), and control mice were similarly injected with normal saline.

Research and Clinical Application of Three-Dimensional Location of Amygdaloid Body.

Accurately representing the spatial location of the amygdaloid body can lay an anatomical basis for the neurosurgery operation for amputation of the amygdaloid body through lateral fissure approach. As we know, there are a number of nerve nucleuses and essential structures locating around amygdaloid body in our brain, especially optic tract. However, only few research had been done to protect these tissues or nerve nucleuses.

[Functional Analysis of DNA Damage Repair Factor WDR70 and Its Mutation in Ovarian Cancer].

Objectives: To analyze the cellular function of the newly discovered DNA damage repair factor WDR70, and investigate the mutation in ovarian cancer to verify if function loss of the gene was associated with ovarian cancer.

Methods: The gene was silenced by using siRNA technique or overexpressed its wild and mutation type by with lentivirus and plasmid in hunman cells. The subcellular localization and biochemical function of WDR70 was analyzes by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoblotting.

[Temporal and spatial changes of α7nAChR and nNOS in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of Aβ-induced cognitive dysfunction rats].

The present study was to explore the temporal and spatial distributions and variations of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) and neuronal nitric oxide synthetase (nNOS) in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of Aβ-induced cognitive dysfunction rats. Sixty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six groups. Three experimental groups were intracerebroventricularly (i.

[Overexpression of lentivirus RFX1 and its inhibitory effect on proliferation of glioblastoma cells].

To construct overexpression lentivirus vector for human regulatory factor X1 (RFX1) gene, and to explore its effect on proliferation of F98 cell line.
 Methods: Huamn RFX1 gene was amplified by polymerase reaction. Gene amplification products were inserted into lentivirus vector pITA, and the lentivirus vector pITA-RFX1 was constructed.

Resistance of glioma cells to nutrient-deprived microenvironment can be enhanced by CD133-mediated autophagy.

CD133 is a pentaspan transmembrane protein that can serve as a biomarker for cancer stem cells, although its biochemical mechanism remains unclear. Here we report that CD133 expression enhances glioma cell tolerance of a nutrient-deprived microenvironment. Under starvation conditions, CD133-positive cells exhibited higher survival and decreased levels of apoptosis.

Evaluation of miR-182/miR-100 Ratio for Diagnosis and Survival Prediction in Bladder Cancer.

Background: Abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) plays an important role in development of several cancer types, including bladder cancer (BCa). However, the relationship between the ratio of miR-181/miR-100 and the prognosis of BCa has not been studied yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of miR-182, miR-100 and their clinical significance in BCa.

CRL4(Wdr70) regulates H2B monoubiquitination and facilitates Exo1-dependent resection.

Double-strand breaks repaired by homologous recombination (HR) are first resected to form single-stranded DNA, which binds replication protein A (RPA). RPA attracts mediators that load the Rad51 filament to promote strand invasion, the defining feature of HR. How the resection machinery navigates nucleosome-packaged DNA is poorly understood.

Preparation and Biological Activity of the Monoclonal Antibody against the Second Extracellular Loop of the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor.

The current study was to prepare a mouse-derived antibody against the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-mAb) based on monoclonal antibody technology, to provide a foundation for research on AT1-AA-positive diseases. Balb/C mice were actively immunized with the second extracellular loop of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R-ECII). Then, mouse spleen lymphocytes were fused with myeloma cells and monoclonal hybridomas that secreted AT1-mAb were generated and cultured, after which those in logarithmic-phase were injected into the abdominal cavity of mice to retrieve the ascites.