Microbiome in urologic neoplasms: focusing on tumor immunity.

Urological tumors are an important disease affecting global human health, and their pathogenesis and treatment have been the focus of medical research. With the in - depth study of microbiomics, the role of the microbiome in urological tumors has gradually attracted attention. However, the current research on tumor - associated microorganisms mostly focuses on one type or one site, and currently, there is a lack of attention to the microbiome in the immunity and immunotherapy of urological tumors.

Salvage of cardiopulmonary collapse caused by ethanol sclerotherapy for vascular malformations: clinical experience at a single center and literature review.

Objective: This review aims to summarize the salvage experience of cardiopulmonary collapse occurring as a result of absolute ethanol sclerotherapy for vascular malformations.

Methods: In total, we reviewed three cases of cardiopulmonary collapse induced by ethanol sclerotherapy for vascular malformations and described the details of the salvage procedure. Saturation of pulse oxygen (SpO), end-tidal CO, and invasive arterial pressure were the routine monitors for ethanol injection patients.

Non-coding RNAs in bladder cancer, a bridge between gut microbiota and host?

In recent years, the role of gut microbiota (GM) in bladder cancer has attracted significant attention. Research indicates that GM not only contributes to bladder carcinogenesis but also influences the efficacy of adjuvant therapies for bladder cancer. Despite this, interventions targeting GM have not been widely employed in the prevention and treatment of bladder cancer, mainly due to the incomplete understanding of the complex interactions between the host and gut flora.

The Use of Modified 3D-Printed Models for Precise Fenestrations in Physician-Modified Endografts to Treat Aortic Dissections Involving Visceral Branches.

Purpose: This study aims to summarize the experience and outcomes of using 3D printing technology to assist physician-modified fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair (PM-FBEVAR) in the treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic dissection involving visceral branches.

Materials And Methods: From December 2018 to May 2023, clinical data of 48 consecutive patients (35 males; mean age, 62.9±11.

Low pelvic incidence as a risk factor for vertebral recollapse after percutaneous vertebroplasty in the thoracolumbar region.

Background Context: Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is an effective procedure for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). Recollapse of the cemented vertebrae is not unusual and the thoracolumbar junction is the most common region. Nevertheless, not all patients suffering from OVCFs in this region develop recollapse after PVP.

The efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with chemotherapy in treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcoma.

Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS).

Methods: A total of 14 patients with advanced STS consisting of 4 liposarcoma, 3 undifferentiated polymorphous sarcoma, 2 synovial sarcoma, 1 Extraosseous ewing sarcoma, 1 spindle cell sarcoma, 1 Sarcomatoid malignant mesothelioma, 1 hemangiosarcoma, and 1 fibrosarcoma, were treated with anlotinib plus chemotherapy. The anlotinib was combined with chemotherapy as the first-line treatment in 13 patients, and as second-line treatment in 1 patient.

CAF-secreted COL5A2 activates the PI3K/AKT pathway to mediate erlotinib resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the mechanisms behind acquired resistance to erlotinib in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with a focus on the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Materials And Methods: This study analyzed gene expression profiles of erlotinib-sensitive and -resistant HNSCC cell lines using datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. It included microarray and RNA-sequencing data, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis, and pathway enrichment.

Identification of the central role of RNA polymerase mitochondrial for angiogenesis.

Mitochondria are central to endothelial cell activation and angiogenesis, with the RNA polymerase mitochondrial (POLRMT) serving as a key protein in regulating mitochondrial transcription and oxidative phosphorylation. In our study, we examined the impact of POLRMT on angiogenesis and found that its silencing or knockout (KO) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and other endothelial cells resulted in robust anti-angiogenic effects, impeding cell proliferation, migration, and capillary tube formation. Depletion of POLRMT led to impaired mitochondrial function, characterized by mitochondrial depolarization, oxidative stress, lipid oxidation, DNA damage, and reduced ATP production, along with significant apoptosis activation.

Corrigendum: Establishment of noncycloplegic methods for screening myopia and pre-myopia in preschool children.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.

Ethanol embolization of arteriovenous malformations in the buttock: ten-year experiences in diagnoses and treatment options.

Background: Clinically, arteriovenous malformations in the buttocks (bAVMs) are extremely rare. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ethanol embolotherapy in managing bAVMs.

Results: A total of 32 patients with bAVMs (14 females and 18 males) from 2012 to 2021 were included in this study.

Peripheral nerve-derived Sema3A promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through the Wnt/β-catenin/Nrp1 positive feedback loop.

Sensory nerves play a crucial role in maintaining bone homeostasis by releasing Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A). However, the specific mechanism of Sema3A in regulation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) during bone remodelling remains unclear. The tibial denervation model was used and the denervated tibia exhibited significantly lower mass as compared to sham operated bones.

The effect of budesonide combined with bifidobacteria and lactobacilli on lung function and gut microbiota of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objective: To explore the effects of budesonide combined with Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli on the lung function and intestinal microbiota of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: Clinical data of 124 COPD patients admitted to Fengcheng Hospital, Fengxian District, Shanghai from February 2021 to February 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients either received budesonide treatment alone (n=59, control group) or budesonide combined with Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli (n=65, observation group).

Tanshinone IIA Regulates Synaptic Plasticity in Mg-Free-Induced Epileptic Hippocampal Neurons via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway.

Background: Tanshinone IIA (TSIIA) is an element of the effective ingredients of Bunge (Labiatae), exhibits a significant therapeutic effect in brain neuroprotection. The focus of this study was the examination of synaptic plasticity of in Mg2+-free-induced epileptic hippocampus neurons and how TSIIA protects against it.

Methods: The purity of the primary hippocampal neurons extracted from Sprague Dawley rats was assessed within 24 hours by microtubule-associated protein (MAP2) immunofluorescence staining.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis during treatment of intracranial multifocal germinoma: a case report and literature review.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), also known as hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS), is a benign histiocytosis with hyperreactive proliferation of the mononuclear phagocyte system caused by immune function abnormalities, which often occurs under the background of genetic mutations, inflammation, infection or tumors. Because the research on malignancy-associated HLH (M-HLH) is focused on hematological malignancies, reports on HLH secondary to solid tumors are rare. In this case, we report a 14-year-old girl who developed HLH during treatment for intracranial multifocal germinoma, and the disease was controlled after hormone combined with etoposide(VP-16) and other related treatments.

Loop-Neurorrhaphy Technique for Preventing Bone Resorption and Preserving Sensation in Mandibular Reconstruction.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether using an innervated vascularized iliac bone flap could effectively prevent bone resorption and maintain sensory function in the lower lip.

Methods: In the innervated group, the deep circumflex iliac artery and recipient vessels were anastomosed, with simultaneous microanastomosis of ilioinguinal nerve, mental nerve, and inferior alveolar nerve. Conversely, the control group underwent solely vascular anastomosis.

Perioperative immunotherapy for stage II-III non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis base on randomized controlled trials.

Background: In recent years, we have observed the pivotal role of immunotherapy in improving survival for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the effectiveness of immunotherapy in the perioperative (neoadjuvant + adjuvant) treatment of resectable NSCLC remains uncertain. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of its antitumor efficacy and adverse effects (AEs) by pooling data from the KEYNOTE-671, NADIM II, and AEGEAN clinical trials.