Severe community-acquired pneumonia compared to severe community-acquired Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia in Reunion Island: A retrospective study.

Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) has emerged in the last decades as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in tropical and subtropical regions. We previously conducted the first investigation on this topic in France with a case series of severe CAP-Ab in Reunion Island over an eight-year period. In the present work, we aim to highlight the specific aspects of CAP-Ab by comparing our case series with an historical cohort (PAC_RUN), obtained by retrospective chart review (2016-2021) of severe community-acquired pneumonia cases on Reunion Island, in which CAP-Ab was ruled out.

In-hospital outcomes following an acute coronary syndrome in patients with recent cannabis use.

Background: The prevalence and short-term cardiovascular consequences of recent cannabis use in patients admitted to an intensive cardiac care unit for acute coronary syndrome is not well established.

Aims: To assess the prevalence of recent cannabis use detected by prospective systematic screening, and its prognostic value in predicting the occurrence of in-hospital major adverse events in consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Methods: From 07 to 22 April 2021, all consecutive patients admitted to an intensive cardiac care unit in 39 centres throughout France were studied prospectively.

Compliance with antibiotic therapy guidelines in french paediatric intensive care units: a multicentre observational study.

Background: Bacterial infections (BIs) are widespread in ICUs. The aims of this study were to assess compliance with antibiotic recommendations and factors associated with non-compliance.

Methods: We conducted an observational study in eight French Paediatric and Neonatal ICUs with an antimicrobial stewardship programme (ASP) organised once a week for the most part.

Phenotypic clustering of patients hospitalized in intensive cardiac care units: Insights from the ADDICT-ICCU study.

Background: Intensive cardiac care units (ICCUs) were created to manage ventricular arrhythmias after acute coronary syndromes, but have diversified to include a more heterogeneous population, the characteristics of which are not well depicted by conventional methods.

Aims: To identify ICCU patient subgroups by phenotypic unsupervised clustering integrating clinical, biological, and echocardiographic data to reveal pathophysiological differences.

Methods: During 7-22 April 2021, we recruited all consecutive patients admitted to ICCUs in 39 centers.

Conventional and unconventional T-cell responses contribute to the prediction of clinical outcome and causative bacterial pathogen in sepsis patients.

Sepsis is characterized by a dysfunctional host response to infection culminating in life-threatening organ failure that requires complex patient management and rapid intervention. Timely diagnosis of the underlying cause of sepsis is crucial, and identifying those at risk of complications and death is imperative for triaging treatment and resource allocation. Here, we explored the potential of explainable machine learning models to predict mortality and causative pathogen in sepsis patients.

Red Blood Cell Transfusion Requirements Before and After Implementation of a Perioperative Patient Blood Management Program in Adult Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. A Before and After Observational Study.

Objectives: Anemia and transfusion are common in cardiac surgery patients, and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Multiple perioperative interventions have been described to reduce blood transfusion, but are rarely combined altogether. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery before and after the implementation of a perioperative patient blood management (PBM) program.

Activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ syndrome: Update from the ESID Registry and comparison with other autoimmune-lymphoproliferative inborn errors of immunity.

Background: Activated phosphoinositide-3-kinase δ syndrome (APDS) is an inborn error of immunity (IEI) with infection susceptibility and immune dysregulation, clinically overlapping with other conditions. Management depends on disease evolution, but predictors of severe disease are lacking.

Objectives: This study sought to report the extended spectrum of disease manifestations in APDS1 versus APDS2; compare these to CTLA4 deficiency, NFKB1 deficiency, and STAT3 gain-of-function (GOF) disease; and identify predictors of severity in APDS.

Clinical utility of a deep-learning mortality prediction model for cardiac surgery decision making.

Objectives: The aim of this study using decision curve analysis (DCA) was to evaluate the clinical utility of a deep-learning mortality prediction model for cardiac surgery decision making compared with the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) II and to 2 machine-learning models.

Methods: Using data from a French prospective database, this retrospective study evaluated all patients who underwent cardiac surgery in 43 hospital centers between January 2012 and December 2020. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to compare the accuracy of the EuroSCORE II, machine-learning models, and an adapted Tabular Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers deep-learning model in predicting postoperative in-hospital mortality.

Invasive bone and joint infections from the French Scedosporiosis/lomentosporiosis Observational Study (SOS) cohort: no mortality with long-term antifungal treatment and surgery.

Little is known about localized osteoarticular Scedosporiosis (LOS). Most data come from case reports and small case series. Here we present an ancillary study of the nationwide French Scedosporiosis Observational Study (SOS), describing 15 consecutive cases of LOS diagnosed between January 2005 and March 2017.

Machine learning for predicting neurodegenerative diseases in the general older population: a cohort study.

Background: In the older general population, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are associated with increased disability, decreased physical and cognitive function. Detecting risk factors can help implement prevention measures. Using deep neural networks (DNNs), a machine-learning algorithm could be an alternative to Cox regression in tabular datasets with many predictive features.

Spontaneous coronary hematoma concomitant with myocarditis: the first report of double cardiac complication of dengue.

We reported the case of a 33-year-old male who presented a dengue infection complicated by spontaneous coronary artery intramural hematoma associated with acute myocarditis. The initial presentation was a typical acute coronary syndrome with ST-segment elevation. Coronary angiography and endocoronary optical coherence tomography confirmed the diagnosis of left anterior descending artery intramural hematoma.

Primary lung carcinoma in children and adolescents: An analysis of the European Cooperative Study Group on Paediatric Rare Tumours (EXPeRT).

Background: Primary lung carcinoma is an exceptionally rare childhood tumour, as per definition of the European Cooperative Study Group on Paediatric Rare Tumours (EXPeRT), with an incidence of 0.1-0.2/1,000,000 per year.

Management of Central Venous Catheters in Children and Adults on Home Parenteral Nutrition: A French Survey of Current Practice.

Although central venous catheter (CVC)-related thrombosis (CRT) is a severe complication of home parenteral nutrition (HPN), the amount and quality of data in the diagnosis and management of CRT remain low. We aimed to describe current practices regarding CVC management in French adult and pediatric HPN centers, with a focus on CVC obstruction and CRT. Current practices regarding CVC management in patients on HPN were collected by an online-based cross-sectional survey sent to expert physicians of French HPN centers.

Distribution of Species in 12 French Cystic Fibrosis Centers in 2020 by a Retrospective MALDI-TOF MS Spectrum Analysis.

Achromobacter spp. are nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli mainly studied among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The identification of the 19 species within the genus is time-consuming (-sequencing), thus data concerning the distribution of the species are limited to specific studies.

Pancreatoblastoma in children: EXPeRT/PARTNER diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations.

Pancreatoblastoma (PBL) is a rare malignant epithelial neoplasm that affects typically young children. Signs related to advanced upper-abdominal tumor accompanied by elevated serum α-fetoprotein levels in a young child suggest PBL, however histopathological confirmation is mandatory. The mainstay of the treatment is a complete surgical resection.