Coverage for Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Nonintensive Therapies: An Evidence-Based Approach to Policymaking.

Numerous studies have demonstrated the clinical benefits of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) who are treated with intensive insulin regimens. Based on this evidence, CGM is now a standard of care for individuals within these diabetes populations and widely covered by commercial and public insurers. Moreover, recent clinical guidelines from the American Diabetes Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinology now endorse CGM use in individuals treated with nonintensive insulin regimens.

Engineered MED12 mutations drive leiomyoma-like transcriptional and metabolic programs by altering the 3D genome compartmentalization.

Nearly 70% of Uterine fibroid (UF) tumors are driven by recurrent MED12 hotspot mutations. Unfortunately, no cellular models could be generated because the mutant cells have lower fitness in 2D culture conditions. To address this, we employ CRISPR to precisely engineer MED12 Gly44 mutations in UF-relevant myometrial smooth muscle cells.

A comparison of two group cognitive behavioral therapy protocols for anxiety in urban schools: appropriateness, child outcomes, and cost-effectiveness.

Background: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for pediatric anxiety is efficacious for reducing anxiety symptoms and improving functioning, but many children are unable to access CBT for anxiety in community settings. Schools are an important setting in which children access mental health care, including therapy for anxiety. In this setting, therapy is usually delivered by Masters-level therapists.

Targeting CHAF1B Enhances IFN Activity against Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Cells.

Unlabelled: Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines with potent antineoplastic and antiviral properties. IFNα has significant clinical activity in the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), but the precise mechanisms by which it acts are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit B (CHAF1B), an Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1)-interactive protein in the nuclear compartment of malignant cells, is overexpressed in patients with MPN.

Interaction between increasing body mass index and spinal cord injury to the probability of developing a diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: The prevalence of obesity and comorbidities is high in the population with spinal cord injury (SCI). We sought to determine the effect of SCI on the functional form of the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and assess whether SCI-specific mapping of BMI to risk of developing NAFLD is needed.

Methods: Longitudinal cohort study comparing Veterans Health Administration patients with a diagnosis of SCI to a 1:2 matched control group without SCI.

Predictors of Mpox vaccine uptake among sexual and gender minority young adults living in Illinois: Unvaccinated vs. double vs. single dose vaccine recipients.

Introduction: The 2022 global outbreak of Monkeypox virus (Mpox), which has primarily spread through the sexual networks of sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals, has introduced new public health challenges. While an efficacious Mpox vaccine is in active circulation, few Mpox vaccine studies have examined its uptake among SGM groups. The aims of this study were to investigate (a) the prevalence of Mpox vaccine uptake among SGM and (b) the contextual, Mpox-disease specific, and Mpox-vaccine specific factors associated with Mpox vaccine among SGM.

Attributable mortality benefit of digoxin treatment in hypoplastic left heart syndrome after the Norwood operation: An instrumental variable-based analysis using data from the Pediatric Health Information Systems Database.

Background: Observational studies have demonstrated an association between the use of digoxin and reduced interstage mortality after Norwood operation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). Digoxin use has increased significantly but remains variable between different hospitals, independent of case-mix. Instrumental variable analyses have the potential to overcome unmeasured confounding, the major limitation of previous observational studies and to generate an estimate of the attributable benefit of treatment with digoxin.

Computation of the distribution of model accuracy statistics in machine learning: Comparison between analytically derived distributions and simulation-based methods.

Background And Aims: All fields have seen an increase in machine-learning techniques. To accurately evaluate the efficacy of novel modeling methods, it is necessary to conduct a critical evaluation of the utilized model metrics, such as sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC). For commonly used model metrics, we proposed the use of analytically derived distributions (ADDs) and compared it with simulation-based approaches.

Neuro-Oncology in Women: Clinical Considerations.

Sex differences play a large role in oncology. It has long been discussed that the incidence of different types of tumors varies by sex, and this holds in neuro-oncology. There are also profound survival sex differences, biologic factors, and treatment effects.

A multilevel framework to investigate cardiovascular health disparities among South Asian immigrants in the United States.

Purpose: Prior studies of cardiovascular health (CVH) disparities among immigrants of South Asian origin in the United States have examined South Asians as one homogenous group, focused primarily on Indian-origin immigrants, and examined risk at the individual level.

Methods: We present current knowledge and evidence gaps about CVH in the three largest South Asian-origin populations in the United States-Bangladeshi, Indian, and Pakistani-and draw on socioecological and lifecourse frameworks to propose a conceptual framework for investigating multilevel risk and protective factors of CVH across these groups.

Results: The central hypothesis is that CVH disparities among South Asian populations exist due to differences in structural and social determinants, including lived experiences like discrimination, and that acculturation strategies and resilience resources (e.

Development of the Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC): Implementing 21 Components to Catalyze Statewide Improvement in Surgical Care.

Introduction: In 2014, 56 Illinois hospitals came together to form a unique learning collaborative, the Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC). Our objectives are to provide an overview of the first three years of ISQIC focused on (1) how the collaborative was formed and funded, (2) the 21 strategies implemented to support quality improvement (QI), (3) collaborative sustainment, and (4) how the collaborative acts as a platform for innovative QI research.

Methods: ISQIC includes 21 components to facilitate QI that target the hospital, the surgical QI team, and the peri-operative microsystem.

Hepatocellular carcinoma presentation and prognosis among Nigerian adults with and without HIV.

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an increasing cause of mortality in Nigeria among persons with HIV (PLH), as access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves. In this study we describe clinical, radiological, and laboratory characteristics in Nigerian adults with HCC, with and without HIV, and examine how HIV impacts survival.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted between August 2018 and November 2021 at two Nigerian hospitals [Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) and Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH)].

The Current State of Antiracism Curricula in Undergraduate and Graduate Medical Education: A Qualitative Study of US Academic Health Centers.

Purpose: We undertook a study to evaluate the current state of pedagogy on antiracism, including barriers to implementation and strengths of existing curricula, in undergraduate medical education (UME) and graduate medical education (GME) programs in US academic health centers.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with an exploratory qualitative approach using semistructured interviews. Participants were leaders of UME and GME programs at 5 institutions participating in the Academic Units for Primary Care Training and Enhancement program and 6 affiliated sites from November 2021 to April 2022.

Enhancer Coamplification and Hijacking Promote Oncogene Expression in Liposarcoma.

Comprehensive profiling of the enhancer landscape and 3D genome structure in liposarcoma identifies extensive enhancer-oncogene coamplification and enhancer hijacking events, deepening the understanding of how oncogenes are regulated in cancer.

Inference of Causal Relationships Between Genetic Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Phenotypes and Female-Specific Health Conditions.

Background Cardiometabolic diseases are highly comorbid, but their relationship with female-specific or overwhelmingly female-predominant health conditions (breast cancer, endometriosis, pregnancy complications) is understudied. This study aimed to estimate the cross-trait genetic overlap and influence of genetic burden of cardiometabolic traits on health conditions unique to women. Methods and Results Using electronic health record data from 71 008 ancestrally diverse women, we examined relationships between 23 obstetrical/gynecological conditions and 4 cardiometabolic phenotypes (body mass index, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension) by performing 4 analyses: (1) cross-trait genetic correlation analyses to compare genetic architecture, (2) polygenic risk score-based association tests to characterize shared genetic effects on disease risk, (3) Mendelian randomization for significant associations to assess cross-trait causal relationships, and (4) chronology analyses to visualize the timeline of events unique to groups of women with high and low genetic burden for cardiometabolic traits and highlight the disease prevalence in risk groups by age.

Bidirectional needs assessment of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery short-term surgical trips to Ethiopia and Kenya.

Objectives: To create an otolaryngology-specific needs assessment tool for short-term global surgical trips and to describe our findings from its implementation.

Methods: Surveys 1 and 2 were developed based on a literature review and disseminated to Low-Middle Income (LMIC) hosting institutions in Kenya and Ethiopia and to High-Income surgical trip participants (HIC), respectively. Respondents were otolaryngologists identified online, through professional organizations, and by word-of-mouth, who had participated in a surgical trip of <4 weeks.

Comparative cardiovascular effects of GLP-1 agonists using real-world data.

Aims: There is limited research using real-world data to evaluate protective cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) early in treatment.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective, active comparator cohort study using 2011-2015 administrative claims data to compare cardiovascular disease (CVD) event rates following initiation of exenatide extended-release (E-ER), exenatide immediate-release (E-IR) or liraglutide in T2D adults who previously received no other antidiabetic medication (ADM) except metformin. The primary outcome was time to first major adverse CVD event (ischaemic heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure or peripheral arterial disease) after starting GLP-1.

Phase I study of novel SYK inhibitor TAK-659 (mivavotinib) in combination with R-CHOP for front-line treatment of high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

: TAK-659, a novel oral SYK inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy in heavily pretreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We report results of a phase I single-institution escalation study of front-line treatment with R-CHOP and TAK-659 in treatment-naïve high-risk DLBCL. : Patients with high-risk DLBCL were treated with R-CHOP for 1 cycle, followed by combined R-CHOP and TAK-659 for an additional five cycles, with TAK-659 dosing escalated from 60 mg, to 80 mg, to 100 mg daily, based on a 3 + 3 design.

Probability of Response as Defined by a Clinical Decision Support Tool Is Associated With Lower Healthcare Resource Utilization in Vedolizumab-Treated Patients With Crohn's Disease.

Background: A previously developed clinical decision support tool (CDST) identified patients with Crohn's disease (CD) most likely to respond to vedolizumab. This study evaluated the ability of the CDST to predict real-world healthcare resource utilization (HRU).

Methods: The Optum and Truven healthcare databases were searched for patients with CD treated with vedolizumab (Optum, = 358; Truven, = 1445) or an anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agent (Optum, = 814).