Cross-species comparative single-cell transcriptomics highlights the molecular evolution and genetic basis of male infertility.

In male animals, spermatogonia in testes differentiate into sperm, one of the most diverse cell types across species. Despite the evolutionary retention of key genes essential for spermatogenesis, the extent of their conservation remains unclear. To explore the genetic basis of spermatogenesis under strong selective pressure, we compare single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets from the testes of humans, mice, and fruit flies.

Quality of Cancer Recurrence Data in the National Cancer Database: A Reappraisal of Reporting Readiness.

Background: This study evaluated the quality of cancer recurrence data in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to determine if missingness and reporting consistency have improved enough to support national research.

Methods: This multi-methods study included NCDB analyses and a cancer registry staff survey. Trends in recurrence data missingness from 2004 to 2021 and multivariable analyses of factors associated with missingness from 2017 to 2021 were evaluated for 4,568,927 patients with non-metastatic cancer.

Promotora intervention for metabolic and mental health to reduce type 2 diabetes risk: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a novel behavioral intervention (PRIME2) that integrates evidence-based approaches for reducing diabetes risk and perceived stress. We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial of the 16-session PRIME2 intervention vs. usual care among 40 Spanish-speaking Latinx adults with prediabetes and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m.

Standardized protocol for labor induction: a type I hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial.

Background: Cesarean delivery remains the most common obstetrical procedure with more than 250,000 patients in the US undergoing cesarean following labor induction annually. Here, we evaluated the impact of prospectively implementing a standardized labor induction protocol on cesarean delivery rates.

Methods: This multi-site type I hybrid effectiveness-implementation study compared 2 years before (PRE) and 2 years after (POST) implementation of a standardized labor induction protocol at two hospitals within the University of Pennsylvania Health System (2018-2022).

Factors Associated with Pediatric Drowning-Associated Lung Injury.

Objective: To identify risk factors for clinically-important drowning-associated lung injury (ciDALI) in children.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study of children (0 through18 years) who presented to 32 pediatric emergency departments (EDs) from 2010 through 2017. We reviewed demographics, comorbidities, prehospital data, chest radiographs reports, and ED course from emergency medical services, medical, and fatality records.

Total Serum Immunoglobulin E in a Cohort of Children with Food Allergy.

Background: Total serum immunoglobulin E (TsIgE) has not been examined in children with food allergy.

Objective: Evaluate associations of TsIgE with patient, household, environmental and community-level characteristics among children with food allergy.

Method: Linear mixed effect models of data from 398 Black and/or African American (B/AA) and White and/or European American (W/EA) children with allergist-diagnosed food allergy from the multi-center, observational cohort FORWARD; TsIgE in kU/L was the primary outcome measure.

The Recent Increase in Invasive Bacterial Infections: A Report From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative.

Background: When coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mitigation efforts waned, viral respiratory infections (VRIs) surged, potentially increasing the risk of postviral invasive bacterial infections (IBIs). We sought to evaluate the change in epidemiology and relationships between specific VRIs and IBIs [complicated pneumonia, complicated sinusitis and invasive group A streptococcus (iGAS)] over time using the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) dataset.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of all prospectively collected pediatric (<19 years old) and adult encounters at 58 N3C institutions, stratified by era: pre-pandemic (January 1, 2018, to February 28, 2020) versus pandemic (March 1, 2020, to June 1, 2023).

Systematic review: differences in complete blood count component rhythms.

Study Objectives: The complete blood count (CBC) is one of the most commonly ordered blood tests with a large range of reference values that does not consider time of day for interpretation. Our objective was to systematically review this topic to report on peak and trough timing of CBC values.

Methods: A systematic search was performed for studies evaluating any component of the CBC with at least three collections over 24 hours.

Effect of randomized treatment withdrawal of budesonide oral suspension on clinically relevant efficacy outcomes in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis: a post hoc analysis.

Background: Relapse after corticosteroid withdrawal in eosinophilic esophagitis is not well understood.

Objectives: Budesonide oral suspension (BOS) 2.0 mg twice daily (b.

Cardiac Recovery: Webcast September 24 2024.

This 61-minute webcast features a conversation about "Cardiac Recovery"-the focus of Issue 20.4. Led by the issue's editors, the discussion engages the authors on emerging themes and lessons learned while researching and writing the articles.

Association Between Low Testosterone and Perioperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Transurethral Prostate Surgery.

Introduction Low testosterone (T) is linked with frailty, which predicts poor postoperative recovery across many surgical procedures. Therefore, low T may impact perioperative outcomes for surgical patients. We sought to characterize the association between low T, frailty, and perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and laser photovaporization of the prostate (PVP).

Current landscape of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in the era of complement inhibitors and regulators.

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare blood disorder which is caused by mutations in phosphatidylinositol glycan class A leading to hemolysis of red blood cells via complement inhibition. The first treatment for PNH, eculizumab, was FDA approved in 2007. Since then, many new treatment options for PNH have arisen.

Management of Dysglycemia in a Pregnancy Complicated by Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome.

Background/objective: Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome (FBS) is an inherited disorder of glucose metabolism resulting from functional loss of glucose transporter 2 characterized by fasting hypoglycemia oscillating with postprandial hyperglycemia. Dysglycemia treatment strategies during FBS pregnancy have not been reported, and insulin therapy carries significant risk due to fasting hypoglycemia in FBS. We report for the first time: (1) glycemic profiles obtained via continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), (2) CGM-guided strategies for cornstarch and nutritional therapy for fasting hypoglycemia and postprandial hyperglycemia, respectively, and (3) placental glucose transporter 2 isoform expression in a pregnant individual with FBS.

The Feasibility of Personalized Endpoints in Assessing Treatment Outcomes in Rare Disease: A Pilot Study of Goal Attainment Scaling in SCN2A-Associated Developmental Epileptic Encephalopathy.

Objectives: For individuals living with rare neurodevelopmental disorders, especially those who are at the most severe end of the spectrum, standardized outcome measures may lack the sensitivity to capture small but meaningful changes. Personalized endpoints such as Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) allow the assessment of treatment response across variable baseline states and disease manifestations and thus provide a highly sensitive measure of efficacy. The current study tested the feasibility of using GAS in rare SCN2A-associated developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (SCN2A-DEE).

Plasma treatment is associated with decreased brain lesion and resuscitation requirements after traumatic brain injury in a swine model of prolonged damage-control resuscitation.

Background: Hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are the leading causes of death in trauma. Future military conflicts are likely to be in austere environments, where prolonged damage-control resuscitation (p-DCR) may be required for 72 hours before evacuation. Previous studies showed that early administration of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) during p-DCR can significantly decrease the volume of resuscitation required in models of hemorrhagic shock and also provide neuroprotection after TBI.

The role of neuropsychological assessment in the evaluation of patients with cognitive-behavioral change due to suspected Alzheimer's disease and other causes of cognitive impairment and dementia.

The Alzheimer's Association convened a Diagnostic Evaluation, Testing, Counseling and Disclosure Clinical Practice Guideline workgroup to help combat the major global health challenges surrounding the timely detection, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate disclosure of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) or other diseases that cause these types of cognitive-behavioral disorders. The newly published clinical practice guidelines are proposed as a structured approach to evaluation. The purpose of the present article is to provide a clinical perspective on the use of neuropsychology within the new framework and practice guidelines outlined under the Diagnostic Evaluation, Testing, Counseling and Disclosure of Suspected Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (DETeCD-ADRD) recommendations for primary care and specialty care.

Conceptualizing patient-level adverse effects in implementation trials.

Background: Identifying and monitoring adverse effects (AEs) are integral to ensuring patient safety in clinical trials. Research sponsors and regulatory bodies have put into place a variety of policies and procedures to guide researchers in protecting patient safety during clinical trials. However, it remains unclear how these policies and procedures should be adapted for trials in implementation science.

A Podcast on Patient and Physician Perspectives in the Holistic Care of Heart-Related Challenges of Type 2 Diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) frequently coexists with cardiorenal complications. Therefore, a holistic approach to patient management is required, with specialists such as primary care physicians, cardiologists, endocrinologists, and nephrologists working together to provide patient care. Although glycemic control is important in the management of T2D, patients with T2D and acceptable glycemic control are still at risk from cardiovascular (CV) events such as stroke, heart attack, and heart failure (HF).

Current approaches to optimize the donor heart for transplantation.

Heart transplantation remains a critical therapy for patients with end-stage heart failure, offering incremental survival and improved quality of life. One of the key components behind the success of heart transplantation is the condition and preservation of the donor's heart. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of ischemic reperfusion injury, risk factors associated with primary graft dysfunction, current use of various preservation solutions for organ procurement, and recent advancements in donor heart procurement technologies.

Shared Decision-Making in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: Understanding Surgeon and Patient Perspectives Regarding When It Is Time for Surgery.

Background: Although total hip and total knee arthroplasty are highly successful operations, the decision of whether and when to undergo surgery is highly subjective and discretionary, and specific guidelines regarding readiness for surgery remain elusive. The nature of these decisions underscores the importance of shared decision-making, which is founded on the concept that patients substantially contribute to determining their own readiness for surgery. The OPTION survey was developed as a conversation aid to facilitate shared decision-making in the context of total joint arthroplasty.

European biologic training course for type 2 inflammation by EUFOREA in 2024: key facts and lessons learned.

The European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airways diseases (EUFOREA) organized the first European Biologic Training Course (EBTC) in Brussels on 1st March 2024. The aim of this hybrid EBTC including both face-to-face and web-based participation was to address the educational needs of physicians dealing with asthma and Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) on the clinically relevant aspects of diagnosing and treatment with biologics. EUFOREA is an international non-for-profit organization forming an alliance of all stakeholders dedicated to reducing the prevalence and burden of chronic respiratory diseases through the implementation of optimal patient care via educational, research, and advocacy activities.