Effects of Circadian Rhythm and Feeding Modes on Rumen Fermentation and Microorganisms in Hu Sheep.

All organisms have a biological clock system which is strongly tied to how well an organism digests food and develops. This study aimed to understand the effects of circadian rhythm and feeding modes on rumen fermentation and microorganisms in Hu sheep. Forty-five healthy Hu sheep were randomly divided into three treatment groups of 15 sheep in each group, wherein they were fed the same concentrate and roughage.

Fermented Soy and Fish Protein Dietary Sources Shape Ileal and Colonic Microbiota, Improving Nutrient Digestibility and Host Health in a Piglet Model.

Suitable protein sources are essential requirements for piglet growth and health. Typically, intestinal microbiota co-develops with the host and impact its physiology, which make it more plastic to dietary protein sources at early stages. However, the effects of fermented soybean meal (FSB) and fish meal (FM) on foregut and hindgut microbiota, and their relationship with nutrient digestion and host health remain unclear.

Solid diet manipulates rumen epithelial microbiota and its interactions with host transcriptomic in young ruminants.

Solid diet supplementation in the early life stages of ruminants could improve rumen microbiota and tissue development. However, most studies focus on bacteria in the rumen content community. The microbiota attached on rumen epithelium are rarely investigated, and their correlations with rumen content bacteria and host transcripts are unknown.

Effects of the in ovo injection of vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in Ross 708 broilers subsequently fed commercial or calcium and phosphorus-restricted diets. II. Immunity and small intestine morphology.

Effects of the in ovo injection of vitamin D (D) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) on the immunity and small intestine morphology of broilers fed calcium and phosphorus-restricted diets were investigated. At 18 d of incubation (doi), live embryonated Ross 708 broiler hatching eggs were in ovo-injected with a 50 μL solution of one of the following treatments using an Inovoject multiegg injector: 1) diluent (control); diluent containing either 2) 2.4 μg D; 3) 2.

Effects of the in ovo injection of vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in Ross 708 broilers subsequently fed commercial or calcium and phosphorus-restricted diets. I. Performance, carcass characteristics, and incidence of woody breast myopathy.

Effects of the in ovo-injection of vitamin D (D) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) on broiler performance, carcass characteristics, and woody breast myopathy (WBM) incidence were investigated. Live embryonated Ross 708 broiler hatching eggs (2,880) were randomly assigned to one of the following in ovo injection treatments: (1) diluent (50 μL); diluent (50 μL) containing either (2) 2.4 μg D; (3) 2.

In Situ Chemical Locking of Acetates During Xylo-Oligosaccharide Preparation by Lignocellulose Acidolysis.

Xylo-oligosaccharides with high value could be obtained by acidolysis of lignocellulosic biomass with acetic acid, which was an urgent problem to solve for the separation of acetic acid from crude xylo-oligosaccharides solution. Four neutralizers, CaCO, CaO, NaCO, and NaOH, were used for in situ chemically locking the acetic acid in the acidolyzed hydrolysate of corncob. The chemically locked hydrolysate was analyzed and compared using vacuum evaporation and spray drying.

Effects of glucose oxidase on growth performance, immune function, and intestinal barrier of ducks infected with Escherichia coli O88.

The negative effects of dietary antibiotics have become a widespread concern. It is imperative to search for a new type of green, safe, and efficient feed additive that can replace antibiotics. This study was to investigate the effects of glucose oxidase (GOD) on growth performance, immune function, and intestinal barrier in ducks infected with Escherichia coli O88.

Effects of source and level of in ovo-injected vitamin D on the hatchability and serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations of Ross 708 broilers.

Effects of the in ovo injection of vitamin D (D) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD) on broiler embryo serum 25OHD concentrations, hatchability, and hatchling somatic characteristics were determined. Eggs from a 35-wk-old commercial Ross 708 broiler breeder flock were set in a single-stage incubator with 11 treatments represented on each of 8 incubator tray levels (blocks). Each treatment group within a flat on each tray level contained 30 eggs.

Effects of in ovo feeding of N-acetyl-L-glutamate on early intestinal development and growth performance in broiler chickens.

The present study determined the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of N-acetyl-L-glutamate (NAG) on early intestinal development and growth performance of broilers. A total of 702 fertile broiler eggs were randomly divided into 3 treatments: 1) non-punctured control group, 2) saline-injected control group, and 3) NAG solution-injected group (1.5 mg/egg).

Influences of starter NDF level on growth performance and rumen development in lambs fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets.

Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), as the main component of structural carbohydrate in forage, is a vital factor impacting the performance of young ruminants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of starter NDF level on the rumen fermentation and morphometrics of lambs fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. One hundred Hu sheep lambs (18 days of age and 6.

The effects of in ovo injected vitamin D sources on the eggshell temperature and early posthatch performance of Ross 708 broilers

The effects of in ovo injected vitamin D source on eggshell temperature (ET) and performance of broilers through 14 D of age (doa) were investigated. Eggs from a 35-wk-old commercial Ross 708 broiler breeder flock were set in a single-stage incubator with 4 treatments representing each of 12 incubator tray levels (blocks). At 432 h of incubation (hoi), noninjected and diluent-injected (50 μL) groups were control treatment groups.

Ruminal Microbiota and Fermentation in Response to Dietary Protein and Energy Levels in Weaned Lambs.

Supplying sufficient nutrients, such as dietary energy and protein, has a great effect on the growth and rumen development of ruminants. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary energy and protein levels on growth performance, microbial diversity, and structural and physiological properties of the rumen in weaned lambs. A total of 64 two-month-old Hu lambs were randomly allotted to 2 × 2 factorial arrangements with four replicates and with four lambs (half male and half female) in each replicate.

Effects of in ovo injection of L-ascorbic acid on growth performance, carcass composition, plasma antioxidant capacity, and meat quality in broiler chickens1,2,3.

The current study was designed to investigate the effects of the in ovo injection of different dosages of L-ascorbic acid (AA) on posthatch growth performance, carcass characteristics, plasma antioxidant capacity, and meat quality in broiler chickens. A total of 2,220 Ross 708 broiler hatching eggs containing live embryos at 17 D of incubation were subjected to 1 of 6 treatments (trt): non-injected control, saline-injected control, or saline containing 3, 6, 12 or 36 mg of AA. An Inovoject m semi-automatic multi-egg injector was used to inject a 100 μL volume of sterile saline (0.

Role of methionine on epigenetic modification of DNA methylation and gene expression in animals.

DNA methylation is one of the main epigenetic phenomena affecting gene expression. It is an important mechanism for the development of embryo, growth and health of animals. As a key nutritional factor limiting the synthesis of protein, methionine serves as the precursor of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) in the hepatic one-carbon metabolism.

Effects of rearing system on meat quality, fatty acid and amino acid profiles of Hu lambs.

To determine the effects of early rearing system on meat quality traits, fatty acid and amino acid profiles of meat, 48 Hu lambs were selected and randomly divided into four treatments: control lambs were ewe-reared from birth to 60 days of age (ER), while treatment lambs were segregated from their dams at 10, 20 and 30 days of age, then artificially reared with milk replacer until 60 days of age (EW10, EW20 and EW30, respectively). All lambs had no access to the milk replacer or their dams from 61 to 90 days. Creep feed was supplied ad libitum to all lambs from 15 to 90 days of age.

Effects of in ovo administration of L-ascorbic acid on broiler hatchability and its influence on the effects of pre-placement holding time on broiler quality characteristics,

The current study was conducted to determine the possible effects of the in ovo administration of different dosages of L-ascorbic acid (AA) to broiler hatching eggs on hatchability and its potential for reducing the adverse effects of delayed placement.A total of 702 broiler hatching eggs was hand-injected at 17 d of incubation (DOI) with 100 μL of sterile saline (0.85%) alone or containing 0.

Cloning, expression, and nutritional regulation of the glutamine synthetase gene in Ctenopharyngodon idellus.

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is considered a master enzyme that catalyzes ATP-dependent biosynthesis of glutamine from glutamate. In the present study, the GS gene was cloned from the intestine of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). The full-length cDNA sequence of GS encodes a 371-amino-acid polypetide.

Molecular characterization and dietary regulation of aminopeptidase N (APN) in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

Aminopeptidase N (APN) is a member of the peptidase M1 family and plays an important role in protein digestion. In the present study, an APN gene was cloned from the intestine of Ctenopharyngodon idellus. The full-length cDNA sequence of APN encodes an 892-amino-acid peptide that includes one helix trans-membrane region.

Effects of weaning age on growth, nutrient digestibility and metabolism, and serum parameters in Hu lambs.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of weaning age on growth performance, nutrient digestion and metabolism, and serological indicators, and to obtain an optimal weaning age in Hu lambs. Forty-eight newborn Hu lambs (birth weight, 2.53 ± 0.

Epigenetic modulation of DNA methylation by nutrition and its mechanisms in animals.

It is well known that phenotype of animals may be modified by the nutritional modulations through epigenetic mechanisms. As a key and central component of epigenetic network, DNA methylation is labile in response to nutritional influences. Alterations in DNA methylation profiles can lead to changes in gene expression, resulting in diverse phenotypes with the potential for decreased growth and health.

Assessment of melamine contamination in crop, soil and water in China and risks of melamine accumulation in animal tissues and products.

The scandal of melamine-adulterated infant formula in China in September 2008 demanded the need to assess the extent of melamine contamination in the environment and food products and possible risks of consuming melamine-contaminated diets. In this work, our extensive work tested water, soil and crop samples from 21 provinces in China. Soils nearby and waste waters from melamine-manufacturing factories were examined, and the highest melamine concentrations in waste water and soil samples were 226.

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cefquinome in healthy piglets.

A study on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in piglets was conducted after intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid improves antioxidant capacity in broiler chicks.

1. The influence of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the antioxidant status in the absence or presence of endotoxin exposure was studied with male broiler chicks. 2.