Diabetes Mellitus Mortality Trends in Brazil From 2000 to 2021: An In-Depth Joinpoint Analysis.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a public health concern in Brazil, with deleterious effects on quality of life and increasing mortality rates. The prevalence of diabetes in Brazil is on the rise, and it is imperative to understand its effects on mortality rates in the last two decades in order to effectively mitigate the detrimental impact of diabetes on public health. This study aims to analyze mortality trends related to diabetes in Brazil from 2000 to 2021, encompassing both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, across sex and various age cohorts.

Prevention of lipid droplet accumulation by DGAT1 inhibition ameliorates sepsis-induced liver injury and inflammation.

Background & Aims: Lipid droplet (LD) accumulation in cells and tissues is understood to be an evolutionarily conserved tissue tolerance mechanism to prevent lipotoxicity caused by excess lipids; however, the presence of excess LDs has been associated with numerous diseases. Sepsis triggers the reprogramming of lipid metabolism and LD accumulation in cells and tissues, including the liver. The functions and consequences of sepsis-triggered liver LD accumulation are not well known.

Antimutagenic and antitumor activities of a water-soluble fraction of soursop ( Graviola, L.) fruit pulp.

Soursop () is a tropical tree whose decoction derived from bark, root, seed, or leaf has been used for medicinal uses. In addition, the fruit itself is considered a food, and the juice is utilized to treat heart and liver diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the phenolic content.

Hybrid Fruits for Improving Health-A Comprehensive Review.

Several species of hybrid fruits, such as citrus, grapes, blueberries, apples, tomatoes, and lingonberries among others, have attracted scientific attention in recent years, especially due to their reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The bagasse, leaves, bark, and seeds of these hybrid fruits have large amounts of polyphenols, such as flavonoids, which act as potent antioxidants. Several studies have been carried out in cellular models of neurotoxicity of the extract of these fruits, to document the beneficial effects for human health, as well as to prove its antiproliferative effect in cancer cells.

First Record of Microplastic Contamination in the Non-Native Dark False Mussel (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) in a Coastal Urban Lagoon.

Microplastic contamination is a global concern due to its conspicuous presence in aquatic ecosystems and its toxic nature to environmental and human health. False mussels are among the most notable fresh- and brackish water invaders. The invasive in Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon-RFL (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is the most abundant macrofaunal invertebrate, widely established and distributed throughout the lagoon.

In silico analysis of alpha-synuclein protein variants and posttranslational modifications related to Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is among the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, affecting over 10 million people worldwide. The protein encoded by the SNCA gene, alpha-synuclein (ASYN), is the major component of Lewy body (LB) aggregates, a histopathological hallmark of PD. Mutations and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in ASYN are known to influence protein aggregation and LB formation, possibly playing a crucial role in PD pathogenesis.

A comprehensive overview on solid waste leachate effects on terrestrial organisms.

Leachate is a highly complex waste with high toxicological potential that poses a significant threat to the terrestrial environment. Determining leachate physicochemical parameters and identifying xenobiotics alone is, however, not enough to determine the real environmental impacts. In this context, the use of terrestrial model organisms has been highlighted as a tool in ecotoxicological leachate assessments and as a guiding principle in risk assessments.

Methane yield response to pretreatment is dependent on substrate chemical composition: a meta-analysis on anaerobic digestion systems.

Proper pretreatment of organic residues prior to anaerobic digestion (AD) can maximize global biogas production from varying sources without increasing the amount of digestate, contributing to global decarbonization goals. However, the efficiency of pretreatments applied on varying organic streams is poorly assessed. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis on AD studies to evaluate the efficiencies of pretreatments with respect to biogas production measured as methane yield.

Antioxidant system alterations, oxidative, and genotoxic effects in Danio rerio (zebrafish) exposed to leachate from a dumpsite.

Water body contamination by leachate originated from dumpsites is a concern for municipal solid waste (MSW) management. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate antioxidant system alterations and oxidative and genotoxic effects in Danio rerio (zebrafish) exposed to leachate from a closed dumpsite. Groups comprising 50 fish were exposed (96 h) to different leachate concentrations (5, 15, 30, and 50%) to evaluate effects on liver and brain superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) and metallothionein (MT) concentrations, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonylation (PTC) levels.

Organizations and stakeholders' roles and influence on implementing sustainability requirements in construction projects.

Construction projects significantly affect a country's development, consume many resources, and impact many stakeholders. Project sustainability requirements are essential to overcome the current social and environmental challenges, yet entrepreneurs, decision-makers, and technical professionals still ignore them. This research aims to reveal the leading players that can influence implementing sustainability requirements in construction project development, the barriers, and possible solutions.

Leachates of weathering plastics from an urban sandy beach: Toxicity to sea urchin fertilization and early development.

Plastic leachates have chemical and biological implications for marine environments. This study experimentally evaluated acute effects of weathering plastic leachates (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 %) on fertilization and early development of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. Fertilization, embryonic and larval development were drastically inhibited (~75 %) when gametes were exposed to intermediate and high leachate concentrations or delayed when exposed to the lowest concentration.

3D Mitochondrial Structure in Aging Human Skeletal Muscle: Insights into MFN-2 Mediated Changes.

Age-related atrophy of skeletal muscle, is characterized by loss of mass, strength, endurance, and oxidative capacity during aging. Notably, bioenergetics and protein turnover studies have shown that mitochondria mediate this decline in function. Although exercise has been the only therapy to mitigate sarcopenia, the mechanisms that govern how exercise serves to promote healthy muscle aging are unclear.

Effects of Supplementation of Murici () and Taperebá () Pulp Extracts on Food Intake, Body Parameters, and Oxidative Stress Markers in Healthy Rats.

This study evaluates the effects of supplementation of murici () and taperebá () pulp extracts on dietary intake, body composition, biochemical parameters, and markers of oxidative stress. Two experiments were conducted with a total of 80 healthy male Wistar rats and a 30-day supplementation. In the first experiment, animals were divided into control (C) group, murici group 50 mg/(kg⸱day) (50Mu), murici group 100 mg/(kg⸱day) (100Mu), and murici group 200 mg/(kg⸱day) (200Mu).

Direct oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists in patients with atrial fibrillation on chronic hemodialysis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Purpose: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and end-stage renal disease on chronic hemodialysis are at risk for thromboembolic and bleeding events. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in this population.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing DOACs with VKAs in patients with AF on chronic hemodialysis from inception to February 2023 in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Cell cycle regulation by ADP and IGF-1 in cultured late developing glia progenitors of the avian retina.

In the avian retina, ADP induces the proliferation of late developing glia progenitors. Here, we show that in serum-containing retinal cell cultures, ADP-induced increase in [H]-thymidine incorporation can be prevented by the IGF-1 receptor antagonists AG1024 and I-OMe-Tyrphostin AG 538, suggesting the participation of IGF-1 in ADP-mediated progenitor proliferation. In contrast, no increase in [H]-thymidine incorporation is observed in retinal cultures treated only with IGF-1.

Molecular Mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 Proteins and Human Self-Antigens Related with Autoimmune Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorders.

SARS-CoV-2 can trigger autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) diseases in genetically susceptible individuals, a mechanism poorly understood. Molecular mimicry (MM) has been identified in other viral diseases as potential triggers of autoimmune CNS events. This study investigated if MM is the process through which SARS-CoV-2 induces the breakdown of immune tolerance.

Assessment of Preoperative Risk Factors for Post-LASIK Ectasia Development.

Purpose: To evaluate preoperative risk factors (mainly those related to corneal topography/tomography) for post-LASIK ectasia development.

Methods: A retrospective case review for post-LASIK ectasia for myopia or myopic astigmatism. The evaluated data included preoperative subjective refraction, method of flap creation, and topometric/tomographic parameters from Oculus Pentacam, including subjective curvature pattern, topometric, elevation, and pachymetric indices from the Belin Ambrosio display "BAD", and the Pentacam Random Forest Index (PRFI).

Efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with dysphagia after stroke: a systematic review.

Background: Swallowing is a complex function that can be disrupted after stroke. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation therapy that recently has been tested to treat stroke-related dysphagia.

Methods: The authors performed a search in the literature to review the described evidence of the use of tDCS in dysphagia after stroke.

Antiproliferative and Apoptosis Effects of Hybrid Varieties of Vitis vinifera L. Sweet Sapphire and Sweet Surprise on Human Prostate Cancer Cells Using In Vitro and In Silico Approaches.

Objective: Grape hybrids are characterized by different chemical compositions; often with high hybrids are characterized by different chemical compositions, often with a high phenolic content and a specific profile of anthocyanins. The aim of study was to characterize the constituents of hybrid Vitis vinifera L. varieties Sweet Sapphire (SA) and Sweet Surprise (SU) extracts and their influence on apoptosis induction and antiproliferative effects on human prostate cancer cells.

Echinodorus macrophyllus: Acute toxicological evaluation of hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives from SF1 subfractions.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Echinodorus macrophyllus (Kunth.) Micheli (Alismataceae), known as chapéu-de-couro in Brazil, is popularly used to treat inflammatory diseases. We have previously demonstrated a significant reduction in the acute inflammation for the aqueous extract of E.

Influence of the DASH Diet on Gestational Weight Gain and Perinatal Outcomes in Women with Pre-Existing Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the influence of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes mellitus (PDM).

Methods: A randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted with 68 pregnant women with PDM throughout prenatal care until delivery (18 weeks) at a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2016-2020). The standard diet adopted by the control group (standard diet group-SDG) contained 45-55% carbohydrates, 15-20% protein, and 25-30% lipids of the total energy intake.

High Levels of NfL, GFAP, TAU, and UCH-L1 as Potential Predictor Biomarkers of Severity and Lethality in Acute COVID-19.

Few studies showed that neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), total tubulin-associated unit (TAU), and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) may be related to neurological manifestations and severity during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The objective of this work was to investigate the relationship among nervous system biomarkers (NfL, TAU, GFAP, and UCH-L1), biochemical parameters, and viral loads with heterogeneous outcomes in a cohort of severe COVID-19 patients admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a university hospital. For that, 108 subjects were recruited within the first 5 days at ICU.

Leptin favors imbalance of antigen-specific CD4 T-cells associated with severity of cat allergy.

Introduction: Obesity can complicate IgE-mediated allergic diseases. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the ability of obesity-related concentrations of leptin to modulate the effector and regulatory Fel d1-specific CD4 T-cell subsets in patients allergic to cat, considered the third most common cause of respiratory allergy in humans.

Methods: For this study, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 30 cat-allergic patients with mild, moderate and severe respiratory symptoms were obtained.