Auditory processing assessment in older people with no report of hearing disability.

Unlabelled: In the elderly, the results of central auditory pathways behavioral assessments are considered to be difficult to read because of the possible interference of peripheral auditory pathway involvement.

Aim: Assess the efficacy of the central auditory function in elderly patients who do not complain of hearing.

Materials And Methods: Case study involving 40 individuals within the age range of 60 to 75 years.

Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in Latin America.

There is little reliable information on the epidemiology of acute kidney injury (AKI) in Latin America. It is generally assumed that AKI in the developing world affects mainly young and previously healthy people, with an etiologic spectrum relying on particular socioeconomic and environmental conditions. Transmissible diseases such as leptospirosis, malaria, dengue, diarrhea, among others, are recognized as important causes of AKI in these areas.

HIV-1 viremia during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy is not associated with mother-to-child transmission.

It is currently recommended that antiretroviral prophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV be initiated at 14 weeks of gestation. However, the relevance of early-gestation HIV viral load level for intrauterine MTCT is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between prenatal maternal viral load and intrauterine MTCT.

Resection of the medial end of the clavicle: an anatomic study.

The biomechanical importance of the costoclavicular ligament is well known; however, an extensive debate still exists regarding the amount of the medial clavicle that can be removed without injuring the ligament. The goal of this anatomic study in fresh cadavers is to measure the distance between the inferior articular surface of the medial clavicle and the most medial clavicular insertion of the costoclavicular ligament, as well as to verify whether there is a relationship between this measurement and the length of the clavicle. Dissection of 100 shoulders from 50 fresh cadavers was performed.

Bacterial contamination and nutrient content of home-prepared milk feeding bottles of infants attending a public outpatient clinic.

To evaluate the bacterial contamination and the nutrient content of home-prepared milk feeding bottles, 48 samples of their lacteal contents were collected; of these, 29 samples were cultured and 48 were analyzed to determine their macronutrients composition by chemical analyses. The medians (percentiles 25 and 75) of the counts (bacteria/ml) were mesophilic bacteria, 78,000 (500-1,125,000) and coliforms, 600 (0-44,000). Adding sugar (41/48) and cereals (39/48) to the milk was a common practice.

Fixation of greater tuberosity fractures.

The authors describe arthroscopic reduction and percutaneous fixation of greater tuberosity fractures of the humerus with displacement of more than 0.5 cm. Arthroscopy for reduction and fixation of this fracture presents the same difficulties and advantages as arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears.

Determination of macronutrients, by chemical analysis, of home-prepared milk feeding bottles and their contribution to the energy and protein requirements of infants from high and low socioeconomic classes.

Objectives: To determine the macronutrients composition of home-prepared milk feeding bottles, by chemical analysis, and assess their contribution to the energy and protein requirements of children under two years of age from high (HSE) and low (LSE) socioeconomic classes.

Methods: 72 samples were analyzed for energy density and protein, fat and carbohydrate content: 41 from the LSE group and 31 from the HSE group. The assessment of the percentages of the energy and protein requirements met by the consumption of the milk bottles was calculated as follows: the energy and protein per 100 mL obtained through chemical analysis were multiplied by the volume consumed at each feeding, then by the number of feedings per day, the results divided by the energy and protein requirements and multiplied by 100.

A Web-based distance education course in nutrition in public health: case study.

Background: Strict work timetables, personal and professional duties or an inability to be absent from home or work can all represent major constraints for those wishing to improve their professional skills. Within this context, the World Wide Web can allow people to conveniently follow distance courses from their homes.

Objective: To present an experience in the use of the Web in the continuing education of healthcare professionals in Brazil.

Nutritional status improvement in neurologically impaired patients by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding.

With increased use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, it became clear that neurologically impaired patients might benefit from its use. From August 1996 to July 1997, we performed 19 percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies in patients with neurological sequelae, who were incapable to maintain their nutritional status by oral ingestion or had repeated episodes of aspiration. Sixteen patients were followed prospectively, from 30 days to 11 months (median: 6.