Evaluation of Bauhinia ungulata Essential Oil as a New Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor from an in silico and in vitro Perspective in the Northern Amazon of Brazil.

The Bauhinia ungulata, also known by its common name "pata de vaca", is one of the species used in Brazil for medicinal purposes, and is commonly used for the treatment of diabetes. In this study, the authors studied the interaction between the chemical constituents which are present in the essential oil of Bauhinia ungulata (EOBU), collected in Boa Vista-RR, Legal Amazon, and their effects on the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the essential oil. The analysis that we perform includes proton magnetic resonance ( H NMR), enzymatic inhibition, molecular docking, in silico toxicity prediction, enrichment analysis, and target prediction for biological interactions.

Effect of Glycerol and Sisal Nanofiber Content on the Tensile Properties of Corn Starch/Sisal Nanofiber Films.

Currently, petroleum-derived plastics are widely used despite the disadvantage of their long degradation time. Natural polymers, however, can be used as alternatives to overcome this obstacle, particularly cornstarch. The tensile properties of cornstarch films can be improved by adding plant-derived nanofibers.

Molecular Surveillance of Artemisinin-Resistant Parasites in Mining Areas of the Roraima Indigenous Territory in Brazil.

Multidrug- and artemisinin-resistant (ART-R) parasites represent a challenge for malaria elimination worldwide. Molecular monitoring in the Kelch domain region gene allows tracking mutations in parasite resistance to artemisinin. The increase in illegal miners in the Roraima Yanomami indigenous land (YIL) could favor ART-R parasites.

Harvesting Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. in a western Amazon rural community: local ecological knowledge and meaning to "nut-crackers".

Introduction: The collection of Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. (castanha-da-Amazônia; Brazil nuts) seeds make up part of the everyday activities of the traditional populations that have inhabited all of the Amazon basin since remote times. Nonetheless, knowledge about these harvesting activities in native forest areas has not been well documented.

Spatial variability of chemical indicators of Amazon agricultural soils through geomultivariate statistics, Brazil.

This work focuses on evaluating the spatial variability of chemical attributes of soils under different agricultural use and native forest, indicating which are the possible indicator attributes of changes in environmental, through the use and management of the soil. The study was carried out in the southern region of the Amazonas state, in an Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo (Ultisol). Sampling grids were established measuring: 90 m × 70 m with regular soil collection spacing of 10 m for the guarana and forest areas; 90 m × 56 m spaced at 10 m × 8 m for annatto area; and 54 m × 42 m with spacing between points of 6 m for the cupuaçu area, totaling 80 sampling points in each area, with soil samples collected at depths of 0.

SARS-CoV-2 infected children form early immune memory responses dominated by nucleocapsid-specific CD8+ T cells and antibodies.

This is the third year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and yet most children remain unvaccinated. COVID-19 in children manifests as mostly mild or asymptomatic, however high viral titers and strong cellular and humoral responses are observed upon acute infection. It is still unclear how long these responses persist, and if they can protect from re-infection and/or disease severity.

The complete organellar genomes of the entheogenic plant (Rubiaceae), a main component of the ayahuasca brew.

(Rubioideae: Rubiaceae), popularly known as , is commonly found as a shrub in the Amazon region and is well-known to produce psychoactive compounds, such as the N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Together with the liana , is one of the main components of the Amerindian traditional, entheogenic beverage known as ayahuasca. In this work, we assembled and annotated the organellar genomes (ptDNA and mtDNA), presenting the first genomics resources for this species.

Bioactive compounds of the fruit.

is a found in regions with few nutrients and water. This study aimed to identify bioactive compounds in the fruit of in the southern region of Brazil. In the fruit of five phenolic compounds were identified: protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid, -coumaric acid, catechin and quercetin.

Astaxanthin improves the shelf-life of tilapia fillets stored under refrigeration.

Background: Astaxanthin, classified as a xanthophyll, has antioxidant properties about 500 times greater than α-tocopherols and ten times greater than β-carotenes. Based on the antioxidant activity of this carotenoid, this study aimed to evaluate the shelf-life of tilapia fillets (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with astaxanthin, by determining the microbiological quality (colimetry, counts of mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms), physicochemical analyses (colorimetry, pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) and sensory analysis.

Results: Tilapia supplemented with astaxanthin presented a reduction in the counts of microorganisms (mesophiles and psychrotrophics) and lower lipid oxidation index (TBARS), when compared to fillets of control fish.

Animal Model of Video-Assisted Cecum and Ileum Instrumentation for Equine Visceral Pain Study.

This study aimed to describe an animal model for studying equine visceral pain using minimally invasive and video-assisted cecum and ileum instrumentation. The access to the cecum and ileum was affected because of a previous typhlostomy. For video-assisted distention of the cecum and ileum, a distention device, which we developed using an endotracheal Rusch probe, was used, adapted, and coupled to a cuffometer to inflate and measure the pressure of the cuff attached to its distal portion.

Proteomic analysis capsule synthesis and redox mechanisms in the intracellular survival of group B Streptococcus in fish microglia.

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes meningitis in neonates and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The molecular mechanisms regulating the intracellular survival of this pathogen in the host cell are complex and crucial for the progression of infection. Thus, we propose the use of GBS-infected Nile tilapia microglia as an in vitro model system simulating infection caused by homologous bacteria in humans.

Immunogenicity in Oreochromis niloticus vaccinated with sonicated antigens against streptococcosis.

Streptococcosis causes great economic losses in intensive culture of tilapia. Vaccination is the most effective and safest way to tackle infectious diseases. Thus, this study sought the more effective and safer antigenic fraction after sonication of Streptococcus agalactiae to elaborate a vaccine against streptococcosis in Nile tilapia.

Microglia extracellular traps in Oreochromis niloticus infected with Weissella cibaria.

The mechanism of extracellular traps (ETs) is important in the cellular response against bacteria. Thus, in the present study, we describe for the first time the capacity of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) microglia in the formation of ETs in Weissella cibaria in vitro infection. Thus, we evaluated the ultrastructure of the microglia culture and observed the formation of ETs 6 h after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and during the course of infection.

The role of environmental temperature on movement patterns of giant anteaters.

Mammals can show conspicuous behavioral responses to thermal variation, including changes in movement patterns. We used an integrative approach to understand how environmental temperature can drive the movement behavior of a mammal with low capacity for physiological thermoregulation, the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). We tracked 52 giant anteaters in 7 areas throughout the Brazilian savannah.

Impact on cholinesterase-inhibition and in silico investigations of sesquiterpenoids from Amazonian Siparuna guianensis Aubl.

The plant popularly known as "negramina" (Siparuna guianensis Aubl.), member of the family Siparunaceae produces an essential oil that presents several biological activities reported in literature. Here, the essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh leaves collected in the state of Roraima, far north of the Amazon.

Obesity-like metabolic effects of high-carbohydrate or high-fat diets consumption in metabolic and renal functions.

Present study investigated which diet, high-carbohydrate (HCD) or high-fat (HFD), most effectively induces classical characteristics of obesity in mice. Mice were fed commercial chow (control), an HCD, or an HFD for 12weeks. HFD and HCD increased body weight, fat mass, and glycaemia, whereas the HFD augmented insulinemia.

Methanolic extract of Cariniana rubra Gardner ex Miers stem bark negatively regulate the leukocyte migration and TNF-α and up-regulate the annexin-A1 expression.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Cariniana rubra Gardner ex Miers (Lecythidaceae), is a native and endemic tree in Brazil, whose inner stem bark decoction preparation is used in folk medicine to treat various inflammatory disorders. Previous scientific reports confirmed its popular use as an anti-inflammatory, without, however, evaluating its action mechanisms.

Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory mechanism of action of the methanolic extract of Cariniana rubra (MECr), using experimental models in vivo and in vitro, as well as to identify secondary metabolites present in the extract.

Juice (camu-camu) Exhibits Analgesic and Antiedematogenic Activities in Mice.

The (Myrtaceae) fruit is traditionally used to treat malnutrition due to its high levels of vitamin C and phenolic compounds. Because of its composition, this plant is very promising in the research of novel natural treatment for pain disorders. This study analyzed the phytochemical profile of juice and assessed its antinociceptive and antiedematogenic potential.

Meningitis Caused by in Nile Tilapia (): Infection and Inflammatory Response.

() of Lancefield group B is the primary etiological agent of bacterial meningitis in Nile tilapia and newborn humans. Thus, the study of this disease is of fundamental importance for aquaculture and human medicine. Additionally, elucidation of the mechanisms involved in the host-pathogenic response is important for the success of new therapies.

Cyclophosphamide modulated the foreign body inflammatory reaction in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

In order to understand events and mechanisms present in the pathophysiology of tilapia's chronic inflammation and based on the immunomodulatory activity attributed to cyclophosphamide which is widely used to suppress immune responses in human medicine, the present study investigated the effects of cyclophosphamide (CYP) treatment on the modulation of foreign body inflammatory reaction in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with round glass coverslip implanted in the subcutaneous tissue (9 mm of diameter). Forty tilapia (151 ± 10,2 g) were randomly distributed in 5 aquariums (n = 8) with a capacity of 250 L of water each, to compose two treatments (sampled 3 and 6 days post-implantation): implanted/untreated (control) and implanted/treated with 200 mg of CYP kg of b.w.

Potential of mucoadhesive nanocapsules in drug release and toxicology in zebrafish.

Mucoadhesive polymeric nanocapsules have attracted interest of researchers from different fields from natural sciences because of their ability to interact with the mucosa and increase drug permeation. Anesthesia by immersion causes absorption through the skin and gills of fish, so it is important to evaluate the exposure of these organs to drug nanosystems. Benzocaine (BENZ) is one of the most popular anesthetic agents used in fish anesthesia, but it has drawbacks because of its low bioavailability, resulting in weak absorption after immersion.

Correlation Between Demographic and Tumor Characteristics in Non-melanoma Skin Cancers Submitted to Mohs Micrographic Surgery.

Background/aim: Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most prevalent type of cancer in adults. Surgery remains the golden-standard treatment for this disease. Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), a surgical technique, is based on the three-dimensional histopathological examination of the margin and surgical bed, layer by layer, in the excised tissue allowing for the determination of the location of the residual tumor, for its complete excision, with high cure rates and preservation of the unaffected tissue.