Interconnection of bacterial and phytoplanktonic communities with hydrochemical parameters from ice and under-ice water in coastal zone of Lake Baikal.

We analysed the relationship between the chemical complex (concentration of dissolved ions, nutrients, pH) and biological parameters (primary production, biomass of phytoplankton, abundance and activity of bacterial communities) at estuaries of rivers and coastal waters of Southern Baikal during the under-ice period. Correlation network analysis revealed CO to be the main limiting factor for the development of algae and microbial communities in the coastal zone of Lake Baikal. This study indicates that primarily reverse synthesis of bicarbonate and carbonate ions associated with the development of phytoplankton and accumulation of dissolved CO during photosynthesis regulates pH in the Baikal water.

Multiple Diversity of Mitochondrial Cytochrome Amino Acid Sequences of the Same Length in Animals.

The size of natural peptide molecules (proteins) can be considered as the number of amino acid residues (protein length). The aim of the work was to analyze the region of existence and occurrence of natural amino acid residue sequences formed as a result of matrix synthesis on the scale. The object of the study was the Swiss-Prot database consisting of more than 5.

Rational design and structure insights for thermostability improvement of Penicillium verruculosum Cel7A cellobiohydrolase.

Thermostability is a fundamental characteristic of enzymes that is of high importance for industrial implementation of enzymatic catalysis. Cellobiohydrolases are enzymes capable to hydrolyze the most abundant natural polysaccharide - cellulose. These enzymes are widely applied in industry for processing of cellulose containing materials.

Highly-Active Recombinant Formate Dehydrogenase from Pathogenic Bacterium Staphylococcus aureus: Preparation and Crystallization.

# These authors contributed equally to the work. NAD+-dependent formate dehydrogenase from Staphylococcus aureus (SauFDH) is one of the key enzymes responsible for the survival of this pathogen in the form of biofilms. 3D structure of the enzyme might be helpful in the search for highly specific SauFDH inhibitors that can be used as antibacterial agents exactly against S.

[Comprehensive study of the composition of fish fat extracts and quantitative criteria for distinguishing standardized omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids extracts].

Background Effects of drugs and biologically active supplements based on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFA) considerably depend on the standardized content of eicosatetraenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and other fatty acids in the extracts.Material and methods In this study, we comprehensively examined the composition of 10 ω3 PUFA samples with chromatographic measurement of more than 40 metabolites of fatty acids and other compounds. The data on extract composition were analyzed with current methods of intelligent data analysis (metric condensation method; multidimensional scaling; principal component analysis with axis identification; topology-metrical approach to recognition).

Effect of amino acids on IGF1 gene expression in human myotubes and skeletal muscle.

Objective: Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1) is an important regulator of collagen and extracellular matrix protein expression. We aimed to evaluate the effect of amino acids (AAs) on expression of IGF1 and IGF1-dependent genes in human myotubes and skeletal muscle and supposed that AAs administration increases IGF1 levels in blood and expression of IGF1 and IGF1-dependent genes in trained skeletal muscle, thereby reducing training-induced muscle damage.

Design: Human myotubes were incubated with Arg and Leu for 24 h.

Chemical, Metabolic, and Cellular Characterization of a FtsZ Inhibitor Effective Against .

There is an urgent need for new antimicrobials to treat the opportunistic Gram-negative , which represents a problematic challenge for cystic fibrosis patients. Recently, a benzothiadiazole derivative, C109, was shown to be effective against the infections caused by and other Gram-negative and-positive bacteria. C109 has a promising cellular target, the cell division protein FtsZ, and a recently developed PEGylated formulation make it an attractive molecule to counteract infections.

Urchin peroxidase-mimicking Au@Pt nanoparticles as a label in lateral flow immunoassay: impact of nanoparticle composition on detection limit of Clavibacter michiganensis.

The influence of Au@Pt nanoparticles' composition, morphology, and peroxidase-mimicking activity on the limit of detection (LOD) of lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has been investigated. Fourteen types of nanoparticles were synthesized by varying the concentration of Pt (20-2000 μM), using gold nanoparticles (GNP, diameter 20.0 ± 2.

Complete Genome Sequences and Methylome Analysis of Two Environmental .

Here, we report the finished closed genomes of two environmental bacteria, K2 and P (formally known as P). In addition, we provide methylation data and the associated enzymes predicted and confirmed to be responsible for each modified motif.

Two Cobalt Chelatase Subunits Can Be Generated from a Single chlD Gene via Programed Frameshifting.

Magnesium chelatase chlIDH and cobalt chelatase cobNST enzymes are required for biosynthesis of (bacterio)chlorophyll and cobalamin (vitamin B12), respectively. Each enzyme consists of large, medium, and small subunits. Structural and primary sequence similarities indicate common evolutionary origin of the corresponding subunits.

Effect of Arginine on Chaperone-Like Activity of HspB6 and Monomeric 14-3-3ζ.

The effect of protein chaperones HspB6 and the monomeric form of the protein 14-3-3ζ (14-3-3ζ) on a test system based on thermal aggregation of UV-irradiated glycogen phosphorylase (UV-Ph) at 37 °C and a constant ionic strength (0.15 M) was studied using dynamic light scattering. A significant increase in the anti-aggregation activity of HspB6 and 14-3-3ζ was demonstrated in the presence of 0.

Rv0579 Is Involved in the Resistance to the TP053 Antitubercular Prodrug.

Tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of death from a single pathogen globally. It is estimated that 1/4 of the world's population harbors latent tuberculosis, but only a 5-10% of patients will develop active disease. During latent infection, can persist unaffected by drugs for years in a non-replicating state with low metabolic activity.

Hemocompatibility of Silver Nanoparticles Based on Conjugate of Quaternized Chitosan with Gallic Acid in In Vitro Experiments.

We studied hemocompatibility of silver nanoparticles synthesized on the basis of a conjugate of quaternized chitosan with gallic acid (QChit-Gal). For the three variants of silver particles (Nos. 1, 2, and 3), the QChit-Gal:AgNO ratio was 5:1, 5:3, and 1:1, respectively.

One-Year Old Dormant, "Non-culturable" Preserves Significantly Diverse Protein Profile.

For adaptation to stressful conditions, () is prone to transit to a dormant, non-replicative state, which is believed to be the basis of the latent form of tuberculosis infection. Dormant bacteria persist in the host for a long period without multiplication, cannot be detected from biological samples by microbiological methods, however, their "non-culturable" state is reversible. Mechanisms supporting very long capacity of mycobacteria for resuscitation and further multiplication after prolonged survival in a dormant phase remain unclear.

Engineering Robust Cellulases for Tailored Lignocellulosic Degradation Cocktails.

Lignocellulosic biomass is a most promising feedstock in the production of second-generation biofuels. Efficient degradation of lignocellulosic biomass requires a synergistic action of several cellulases and hemicellulases. Cellulases depolymerize cellulose, the main polymer of the lignocellulosic biomass, to its building blocks.

Revealing electronic features governing hydrolysis of cephalosporins in the active site of the L1 metallo-β-lactamase.

The QM/MM simulations followed by electron density feature analysis are carried out to deepen the understanding of the reaction mechanism of cephalosporin hydrolysis in the active site of the L1 metallo-β-lactamase. The differences in reactivity of ten similar cephalosporin compounds are explained by using an extended set of bonding descriptors. The limiting step of the reaction is characterized by the proton transfer to the nitrogen atom of the cephalosporin thiazine ring accompanied with formation of the C[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bond in its N-C-C fragment.

The cell division protein FtsZ as a cellular target to hit cystic fibrosis pathogens.

Cystic fibrosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by the production of dehydrated mucus in the lung able to trap bacteria and rendering their proliferation particularly dangerous, thus leading to chronic infections. Among these bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa play a major role while, within emerging pathogens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Burkholderia cepacia complex species, as well as non-tuberculous mycobacteria are listed. Since a common feature of these bacteria is the high level of drug resistance, cell division, and in particular FtsZ, has been explored as a novel therapeutic target for the design of new molecules with antibacterial properties.

Metabolic profiling of dormant Mycolicibacterium smegmatis cells' reactivation reveals a gradual assembly of metabolic processes.

Introduction: Under gradual acidification of the culture medium mycobacterial cells transit into a specific state characterized by low level of metabolic activity and morphological alterations. This state of non-replicative persistence (dormancy) is directly linked to physiological drug resistance, which complicates the efforts to eradicate the latent forms of TB. In order to find new anti-latent TB compounds, the metabolic processes which may occur in the state of dormancy and during the transition into the active state (reactivation) should be characterized.

Expression, purification and biophysical characterization of recombinant phospholipase PLA2 overproduced in .

The main purpose of this work was to develop new protocols for high yield purification of secretory phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and to investigate its biophysical properties. We have used a expression system for PLA2 expression and two-stage chromatography for its purification. The biophysical properties of PLA2 were investigated by circular dichroism.

[Water Soluble Chlorophyll-Binding Proteins of Plants: Structure, Properties and Functions].

Water soluble chlorophyll-binding proteins (WSCPs) of higher plants differ from most proteins containing chlorophyll orbacteriochlorophyll in that they are soluble in watr and are neither embedded in the lipid membrane nor directly involved in the process of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll molecules in WSCPs ensembles are packed in dimers within the hydrophobic zone of the protein matrix, similar to the structure of a chlorophyll "special pair" in the reaction centers of phototrophs. This fact together with the detected photosensitizing activity of WSCPs makes it possible to consider these proteins as a promising object for modelling the evolutionary prototypes of the photosynthetic apparatus, as well as for developing the artificial solar energy converters.

Exosomes in the phloem and xylem of woody plants.

Exosomes in the secondary phloem and secondary xylem of angiosperms and gymnosperms have physiological roles in the storage and transport of endoglucanases. Knowledge of plant extracellular vesicles (EVs) is limited by their presence in the apoplastic fluid of seeds and leaves. The contents of plant EVs and their biological functions are unclear.

gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic bacterium from a Chukotka hot spring (Arctic, Russia), representing a novel class, , which includes the previously uncultivated lineage OLB14.

A novel aerobic moderately thermophilic bacterium, strain 3753O, was isolated from a Chukotka hot spring (Arctic, Russia) using the newly developed technology of laser engineering of microbial systems. Сells were regular short rods, 0.4×0.

Cloning, purification and study of recombinant GH3 family β-glucosidase from Penicillium verruculosum.

A novel bgl1 gene, encoding GH3 family β-glucosidase from Penicillium verruculosum (PvBGL), was cloned and heterologously expressed in P. canescens RN3-11-7 (niaD-) strain under the control of the strong xylA gene promoter. The recombinant rPvBGL was purified and their properties were studied in comparison with those of rAnBGL from Aspergillus niger expressed previously in the same fungal host.

Protein surface engineering of endoglucanase Penicillium verruculosum for improvement in thermostability and stability in the presence of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid.

Thermostability and stability in ionic liquids are essential properties of cellulases that are applied in industrial processes of bioconversion. Engineering of protein surface of endoglucanase II from Penicillium verruculosum was used to improve the enzyme thermostability and stability in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl). The engineering was based on analysis of the protein surface topography and enhanced by multiple sequence alignment and ΔΔG calculations.

Characterization of arginine preventive effect on heat-induced aggregation of insulin.

Aggregation of proteins can affect their efficacy, and is especially important concerning therapeutic proteins such as insulin. Use of additives such as amino acids can counteract this deleterious process. Heat-induced aggregate formation of human insulin was kinetically studied with the use of various concentrations of the protein, at different temperatures, and in the presence of EDTA by UV-visible spectrophotometry.