Structural and functional features of phytoene synthase isoforms PSY1 and PSY2 in pepper Capsicum annuum L. cultivars.

The fruits of various pepper cultivars are characterized by a different color, which is determined by the pigment ratio; carotenoids dominate in ripe fruits, while chlorophylls, in immature fruits. A key regulator of carotenoid biosynthesis is the phytoene synthase encoded by the PSY gene. The Capsicum annuum genome contains two isoforms of this enzyme, localized in leaf (PSY2) and fruit (PSY1) plastids.

Designing enzyme cocktails from Penicillium and Aspergillus species for the enhanced saccharification of agro-industrial wastes.

The aim of this study was to develop optimized enzyme cocktails, containing native and recombinant purified enzymes from five fungal species, for the saccharification of alkali- and acid-pretreated sugarcane bagasse (SCB), soybean hulls (SBH) and oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB). Basic cellulases were represented by cellobiohydrolase I (CBH) and endo-glucanase II (EG) from Penicillium verruculosum and β-glucosidase (BG) from Aspergillus niger. Auxiliary enzymes were represented by endo-xylanase A (Xyl), pectin lyase (PNL) and arabinoxylanhydrolase (AXH) from Penicillium canescens, β-xylosidase (BX) from Aspergillus japonicus, endo-arabinase (ABN) from A.

Light-Induced Change of Arginine Conformation Modulates the Rate of Adenosine Triphosphate to Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Conversion in the Optogenetic System Containing Photoactivated Adenylyl Cyclase.

We report the first computational characterization of an optogenetic system composed of two photosensing BLUF (blue light sensor using flavin adenine dinucleotide) domains and two catalytic adenylyl cyclase (AC) domains. Conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the reaction products, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and pyrophosphate (PPi), catalyzed by ACs initiated by excitation in photosensing domains has emerged in the focus of modern optogenetic applications because of the request in photoregulated enzymes that modulate cellular concentrations of signaling messengers. The photoactivated AC from the soil bacterium sp.

The explicit role of electron exchange in the hydrogen bonded molecular complexes.

We applied a set of advanced bonding descriptors to establish the hidden electron density features and binding energy characteristics of intermolecular DH∙∙∙A hydrogen bonds (OH∙∙∙O, NH∙∙∙O and SH∙∙∙O) in 150 isolated and solvated molecular complexes. The exchange-correlation and Pauli potentials as well as corresponding local one-electron forces allowed us to explicitly ascertain how electron exchange defines the bonding picture in the proximity of the H-bond critical point. The electron density features of DH∙∙∙A interaction are governed by alterations in the electron localization in the H-bond region displaying itself in the exchange hole.

Validated HPLC method for paclitaxel determination in PLGA submicron particles conjugated with α-fetoprotein third domain: Sample preparation case study.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to develop sample preparation method and validate the HPLC method for precise determination of paclitaxel (Ptx) in PLGA submicron particles conjugated with protein vector molecule.

Methods: Ptx loaded PLGA submicron particles were formulated by a single emulsification method. PLGA submicron particles were conjugated with alpha fetoprotein third domain (rAFP3d) via standard carbodiimide technique.

Study of Translocation of Stabilized NO Forms through Rat Skin using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Method.

We studied the effect of dinitrosyl-iron complexes with N-acetyl-L-cysteine as a thiol-containing ligand (DNIC-Acc) after transdermal administration to rats. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy with a lipophilic NO spin trap (a complex of iron and diethyldithiocarbamate ions) showed that DNIC-Acc administration significantly increased the total level of NO in the lung and liver tissues of the animal, which was accompanied by a slight decrease in the mean BP (<10%).

Dormant Cell Formation and Photodynamic Inactivation.

Pathogenic non-spore forming bacteria enter a dormant state under stressful conditions, which likely allows them to acquire resistance to various antibiotics. This work revealed the efficient formation of dormant "non-culturable" (NC) cells in stationary phase upon gradual acidification of the growth medium. Such cells were unable to form colonies and existed in a prolonged stationary phase.

The role of the "Thiodendron" consortium in postulating the karyomastigont chimaera of the endosymbiosis theory by Lynn Margulis.

The endosymbiosis theory of the origin of eukaryotic cell was first proposed more than a hundred years ago. In the second half of the 20th century, Lynn Margulis suggested a new interpretation of the origin of the nucleus in modern eukaryotes. The background was the study of the consortium "Thiodendron", a symbiotic bacterial community, which includes anaerobic aerotolerant motile spirochaetes and sulfidogenic bacteria (sulfidogens) of vibrioid form with a fermentation type of metabolism.

Properties of recombinant endo-β-1,6-glucanase from Trichoderma harzianum and its application in the pustulan hydrolysis.

The gene encoding Trichoderma harzianum fungus pustulanase (ThBGL1.6, GH5 family, endo-β-1,6-glucanase, EC 3.2.

Siderite-based anaerobic iron cycle driven by autotrophic thermophilic microbial consortium.

Using a sample from a terrestrial hot spring (pH 6.8, 60 °C), we enriched a thermophilic microbial consortium performing anaerobic autotrophic oxidation of hydrothermal siderite (FeCO), with CO/bicarbonate as the electron acceptor and the only carbon source, producing green rust and acetate. In order to reproduce Proterozoic environmental conditions during the deposition of banded iron formation (BIF), we incubated the microbial consortium in a bioreactor that contained an unmixed anoxic layer of siderite, perfectly mixed N/CO-saturated liquid medium and microoxic (2% O) headspace.

Dipole Moment Variation Clears Up Electronic Excitations in the π-Stacked Complexes of Fluorescent Protein Chromophores.

We propose a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model for prediction of spectral tuning in cyan, green, orange, and red fluorescent proteins, which are engineered by motifs of the green fluorescent protein. Protein variants, in which their chromophores are involved in the π-stacking interaction with amino acid residues tyrosine, phenylalanine, and histidine, are prospective markers useful in bioimaging and super-resolution microscopy. In this work, we constructed training sets of the π-stacked complexes of four fluorescent protein chromophores (of the green, orange, red, and cyan series) with various substituted benzenes and imidazoles and tested the use of dipole moment variation upon excitation (DMV) as a descriptor to evaluate the vertical excitation energies in these systems.

Data on draft genome sequence of sp. strain 1523vc, a thermophilic bacterium, isolated from a hot spring of Uzon Caldera, (Kamchatka, Russia).

The draft genome sequence of sp. strain 1523vc, a thermophilic bacterium, isolated from a hot spring of Uzon Caldera, (Kamchatka, Russia) is presented. The complete genome assembly was of 2 713 207 bp with predicted completeness of 99.

Description of sp. nov. and reclassification of as gen. nov., comb. nov.

A novel obligately anaerobic spirochete strain K2 was isolated from bottom marine sediments at Crater Bay of Yankicha Island (Kuril Islands, Russia). Strain K2 had helical shape and Gram-negatively stained. The optimal growth conditions were as follows: the optimum temperature was 28-30 °C with range 5-34 °C; optimal pH at 7.

Zinc Switch in Pig Heart Lipoamide Dehydrogenase: Steady-State and Transient Kinetic Studies of the Diaphorase Reaction.

Elevation of intracellular Zn2+ following ischemia contributes to cell death by affecting mitochondrial function. Zn2+ is a differential regulator of the mitochondrial enzyme lipoamide dehydrogenase (LADH) at physiological concentrations (K = 0.1 µM free zinc), inhibiting lipoamide and accelerating NADH dehydrogenase activities.

Prolonged infection triggered by dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Immune and inflammatory responses in lungs of genetically susceptible and resistant mice.

We developed an approach for substantial attenuation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by prolonged culturing under gradually acidifying conditions. Bacteria subjected to acidification lost the capacity to form colonies on solid media, but readily resuscitated their growth in the murine host, providing a useful model to study in vivo development of infection mimicking latent and reactivation tuberculosis (TB) in humans. Here we characterize biomarkers of lung pathology and immune responses triggered by such attenuated bacteria in genetically TB-susceptible and resistant mice.

Effect of arginine on stability and aggregation of muscle glycogen phosphorylase b.

Arginine (Arg) is frequently used in biotechnology and pharmaceutics to stabilize protein preparations. When using charged ions like Arg, it is necessary to take into account their contribution to the increase in ionic strength, in addition to the effect of Arg on particular processes occurring under the conditions of constancy of ionic strength. Here, we examined contribution of ionic strength (0.

The use of 4-Hexylresorcinol as antibiotic adjuvant.

Ever decreasing efficiency of antibiotic treatment due to growing antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria is a critical issue in clinical practice. The two generally accepted major approaches to this problem are the search for new antibiotics and the development of antibiotic adjuvants to enhance the antimicrobial activity of known compounds. It was therefore the aim of the present study to test whether alkylresorcinols, a class of phenolic lipids, can be used as adjuvants to potentiate the effect of various classes of antibiotics.

Bioeconomy in Russia: Today and tomorrow.

This article provides an overview of the BIO 2020 program implementation in the Russian Federation. It covers the driving factors of bioeconomic development in Russia and describes new measures of state regulation that may have a determining impact on the industry's development in the short and medium terms. Analysis of specific sectors of the bioeconomy and their main drivers was carried out.

Four New Genes of Cyanobacterium PCC 7942 Are Responsible for Sensitivity to 2-Nonanone.

Microbial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are cell metabolites that affect many physiological functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Earlier we have demonstrated the inhibitory effects of soil bacteria volatiles, including ketones, on cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria are very sensitive to ketone action.

Dynamical properties of enzyme-substrate complexes disclose substrate specificity of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease as characterized by the electron density descriptors.

A dynamical approach is proposed to discriminate between reactive (rES) and nonreactive (nES) enzyme-substrate complexes taking the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) as an important example. Molecular dynamics simulations with the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics potentials (QM(DFT)/MM-MD) followed by the electron density analysis are employed to evaluate geometry and electronic properties of the enzyme with different substrates along MD trajectories. We demonstrate that mapping the Laplacian of the electron density and the electron localization function provides easily visible images of the substrate activation that allow one to distinguish rES and nES.

[Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for genetically modified potato event AV43-6-G7 quantification. Proof of efficiency].

One of the ways to improve the laboratory control methodology of genetically modified organisms of plant origin (GMO) is to use multiplexing - an approach that allows you to increase the number of targets and enlarge the number of simultaneously processed samples, maximizing the potential of polymerase chain reaction in real time (PCR-RT). of the study is to develop a quantitative identification protocol for genetically engineered (GE) potato event AV43-6-G7 in the format of duplex PCR-RT with the use of TaqMan® PCR technology. .

Effective Zearalenone Degradation in Model Solutions and Infected Wheat Grain Using a Novel Heterologous Lactonohydrolase Secreted by Recombinant .

This paper reports the first results on obtaining an enzyme preparation that might be promising for the simultaneous decontamination of plant feeds contaminated with a polyketide fusariotoxin, zearalenone (ZEN), and enhancing the availability of their nutritional components. A novel ZEN-specific lactonohydrolase (ZHD) was expressed in a strain PCA-10 that was developed previously as a producer of different hydrolytic enzymes for feed biorefinery. The recombinant ZHD secreted by transformed fungal clones into culture liquid was shown to remove the toxin from model solutions, and was able to decontaminate wheat grain artificially infected with a zearalenone-producing .

gen. nov. sp. nov., a new anaerobic, alkaliphilic proteolytic bacterium capable of reducing Fe(III) and sulfur.

An obligately alkaliphilic, anaerobic, proteolytic bacterium was isolated from a sample of Tanatar III soda lake sediment (Altai region, Russia) and designated as strain Z-1701. Cells of strain Z-1701 were short, straight, motile Gram-stain-positive rods. Growth of Z-1701 obligately depended on the presence of sodium carbonate.

Chaperone-Like Activity of HSPB5: The Effects of Quaternary Structure Dynamics and Crowding.

Small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are ATP-independent molecular chaperones that interact with partially unfolded proteins, preventing their aberrant aggregation, thereby exhibiting a chaperone-like activity. Dynamics of the quaternary structure plays an important role in the chaperone-like activity of sHSPs. However, relationship between the dynamic structure of sHSPs and their chaperone-like activity remains insufficiently characterized.