SUMOylation of TRIM28 is positively modulated by the BTB/POZ domain of Kaiso.

Background: TRIM28 plays a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability and establishing imprinting, facilitated by the diversity of KRAB zinc finger proteins. The SUMOylation of TRIM28 is essential for its function and is enhanced in the presence of the KRAB domain. Previously, we demonstrated that Kaiso, another factor capable of interacting with TRIM28, can promote its SUMOylation.

Physico-chemical properties and substrate specificity of α-(1→3)-d-glucan degrading recombinant mutanase from expressed in .

Unlabelled: The gene encoding fungus mutanase (MutA, GH71 family, α-1,3-glucanase, EC 3.2.1.

UV-irradiated BSA: The details of aggregation kinetics and structural rearrangements.

UV-irradiation is a stress factor for proteins, leading to disruption of their native structure. Test systems based on UV-irradiated proteins are relevant for researchers, as they allow working directly with damaged protein molecules, which can be important when studying the properties and mechanisms of action of various antiaggregation agents. The study of UV-irradiated proteins can also have applied significance, including medical.

Domain Mobility in the ORF2p Complex Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Big Data Analysis.

ORF2p (open reading frame 2 protein) is a multifunctional multidomain enzyme that demonstrates both reverse transcriptase and endonuclease activities and is associated with the pathophysiology of cancer. The 3D structure of the entire seven-domain ORF2p complex was revealed with the recent achievements in structural studies. The different arrangements of the CTD (carboxy-terminal domain) and tower domains were identified as the "closed-ring" and "open-ring" conformations, which differed by the hairpin position of the tower domain, but the structural diversity of these complexes has the potential to be more extensive.

Transcription Factors ClrB and XlnR and Their Effect on the Transcription of Cellulase Genes in the Filamentous Fungus .

The filamentous fungus (anamorph ) has been shown to be an efficient producer of secreted cellulases, used in biorefinery processes. Understanding the mechanisms of regulation of cellulase gene expression in the fungus is a current task in industrial biotechnology, since it allows for targeted changes in the composition of the complex secreted by the fungus. Expression of cellulase genes in fungi is regulated mainly at the level of transcription via pathway-specific transcription factors (TF), the majority of which belong to the Zn(II)2Cys6 family of zinc binuclear cluster proteins.

Novel Selectable Marker Sesquiterpenoid Antibiotic Pentalenolactone.

Antibiotic resistance has been and remains a major problem in our society. The main solution to this problem is to search and study the mechanisms of antibiotic action. Many groups of secondary metabolites, including antimicrobial ones, are produced by the phylum.

The Protein Engineering of Zearalenone Hydrolase Results in a Shift in the pH Optimum of the Relative Activity of the Enzyme.

An acidic shift in the pH profile of zearalenone hydrolase (ZHD), the most effective and well-studied zearalenone-specific lactone hydrolase, is required to extend the range of applications for the enzyme as a decontamination agent in the feed and food production industries. Amino acid substitutions were engineered in the active center of the enzyme to decrease the pKa values of the catalytic residues E126 and H242. The T216K substitution provided a shift in the pH optimum by one unit to the acidic region, accompanied by a notable expansion in the pH profile under acidic conditions.

Conformational dynamics of the enzyme-substrate complex of protein kinase A with pseudosubstrate SP20 and adenosine triphosphate.

The phosphorylation reaction, catalyzed by the enzyme protein kinase A (PKA), plays one of the key roles in the work of the glutamatergic system, primarily involved in memory functioning. The analysis of the dynamic behavior of the enzyme-substrate complex allows one to learn the mechanism of the enzymatic reaction. According to the results of classical molecular dynamics calculations followed by hierarchical clustering, the most preferred proton acceptor during the phosphorylation reaction catalyzed by PKA is the carboxyl group of the amino acid residue Asp166; however, the γ-phosphate group of ATP can also act as an acceptor.

Matrikines of Sea Cucumbers: Structure, Biological Activity and Mechanisms of Action.

Matrikines (MKs), the products of enzymatic fragmentation of various extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, regulate cellular activity by interacting with specific receptors. MKs affect cell growth, proliferation, and migration, can induce apoptosis and autophagy, and are also effectively used in biomedicine and functional nutrition. Recently, there has been great interest in the structural features and biological activity of MKs from various sources.

Structural insight into recognition of Clostridioides difficile toxin A by novel neutralizing nanobodies targeting QTIN-like motifs within its receptor-binding domain.

Clostridioides difficile causes a large proportion of nosocomial colon infections by producing toxins TcdA and TcdB as key virulence factors. TcdA and TcdB have analogous domain structures with a receptor-binding domain containing C-terminal combined repetitive oligopeptides (CROPs), an attractive target for the development of therapeutic antibodies. Here, we identify and characterize two potent neutralizing single-domain camelid anti-CROPsA antibodies, C4.

Human DNA from the oldest Eneolithic cemetery in Nalchik points the spread of farming from the Caucasus to the Eastern European steppes.

The Darkveti-Meshoko culture (c.5000-3500/3300 BCE) is the earliest known farming community in the Northern Caucasus, but its contribution to the genetic profile of the neighboring steppe herders has remained unclear. We present analysis of human DNA from the Nalchik cemetery-the oldest Eneolithic site in the Northern Caucasus-which shows a link with the LowerVolga's first herders of the Khvalynsk culture.

A systematic overview of strategies for photosensitizer and light delivery in antibacterial photodynamic therapy for lung infections.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) emerges as a viable treatment strategy for infections resistant to conventional antibiotics. A complex interplay of factors, including intracellular photosensitizer (PS) accumulation, photochemical reaction type, and oxygen levels, determines the efficacy of aPDT. Recent progress includes the development of modified PSs with enhanced lipophilicity and target-specific strategies to improve bacterial cell wall penetration and targeting.

Non-Foliar Photosynthesis in Pea ( L.) Plants: Beyond the Leaves to Inside the Seeds.

In addition to leaves, photosynthesis can occur in other green plant organs, including developing seeds of many crops. While the majority of studies examining photosynthesis are concentrated on the leaf level, the role of other green tissues in the production of total photoassimilates has been largely overlooked. The present work studies the photosynthetic behavior of leaves and non-foliar (pericarps, coats, and cotyledons) organs of pea ( L.

Cloning of Three Aflatoxin B1 Oxidases of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase III Family and Evaluation of Their Potential for Practical Applications as Decontamination Enzymes.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) produced by some species belongs to the most dangerous contaminants of animal feeds. Development of safe and cost efficient decontamination methods saving feed quality and nutritional value are of paramount importance. The use of recombinant AFB1-detoxifying microbial enzymes represents a promising biotechnological approach meeting the aforementioned requirements.

Metabolite concentrations and the expression profiles of the corresponding metabolic pathway genes in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) fruits of contrasting colors.

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) ranks fifth in importance among vegetable crops of the Solanaceae family, in part due to the high antioxidant properties and polyphenol content of the fruit. Along with the popular purple-fruited varieties of S.

N-linked glycosylation affects catalytic parameters and fluctuation of the active center of Aspergillus awamori exo-inulinase.

Heterogeneous expression of enzymes allows large-scale production with reduced costs. Changes in glycosylation often occur due to changes in the expression host. In the study, the catalytic and biochemical properties of Aspergillus awamori exo-inulinase 1 are compared for A.

A New Method for Obtaining Monospecies and Binary Cultures of Staphylococcus spp. in Alginate Gel and the Study of the Action of Active Compounds on These Cultures on the Example of Catecholamines.

A simple and efficient method for obtaining monospecies and binary Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis cultures in sodium alginate gel matrix mimicking the natural microenvironment of the nasal cavity was proposed. The cultures were used for studying the effect of norepinephrine on monospecies and binary communities of two types of bacteria, S. aureus (invasive strain) and S.

Dynamic features of virus protein 1 and substitutions in the 3-phenyl ring determine the potency and broad-spectrum activity of capsid-binding pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines against rhinoviruses.

Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines represent one potent class of well tolerated and highly active rhinovirus (RV) inhibitors that act as capsid binders. The lead compound OBR-5-340 inhibits a broad-spectrum of RVs. Aiming to improve lead activity, we evaluated the impact of structural modifications in the 3-phenyl ring of OBR-5-340 on its potency and spectrum of anti-RV activity vitro.

Structural Basis for Evasion of New SARS-CoV-2 Variants from the Potent Virus-Neutralizing Nanobody Targeting the S-Protein Receptor-Binding Domain.

COVID-19 has caused millions of deaths and many times more infections worldwide, emphasizing the unpreparedness of the global health system in the face of new infections and the key role for vaccines and therapeutics, including virus-neutralizing antibodies, in prevention and containment of the disease. Continuous evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has been causing its new variants to evade the action of the immune system, which highlighted the importance of detailed knowledge of the epitopes of already selected potent virus-neutralizing antibodies. A single-chain antibody ("nanobody") targeting the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), clone P2C5, had exhibited robust virus-neutralizing activity against all SARS-CoV-2 variants and, being a major component of the anti-COVID-19 formulation "GamCoviMab", had successfully passed Phase I of clinical trials.

Molecular mechanism of thiocyanate dehydrogenase at atomic resolution.

Some sulfur-oxidizing bacteria playing an important role in global geochemical cycles utilize thiocyanate as the sole source of energy and nitrogen. In these bacteria the process of thiocyanate into cyanate conversion is mediated by thiocyanate dehydrogenases - a recently discovered family of copper-containing enzymes with the three‑copper active site unique among the other copper proteins. To get a deeper insight into the structure and molecular mechanism of action of thiocyanate dehydrogenases we isolated, purified, and comprehensively characterized an enzyme from the bacterium Pelomicrobium methylotrophicum.

Photoinactivation of and by Near-Infrared Radiation Using a Trehalose-Conjugated Heptamethine Cyanine.

The spread of multidrug-resistant mycobacterium strains requires the development of new approaches to combat diseases caused by these pathogens. For that, photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a promising approach. In this study, a tricarbocyanine (TCC) is used for the first time as a near-infrared (740 nm) activatable PDI photosensitizer to kill mycobacteria with deep light penetration.

Molecular Basis of Influence of A501X Mutations in Penicillin-Binding Protein 2 of Strain 35/02 on Ceftriaxone Resistance.

The increase in the resistance of mutant strains of to the antibiotic ceftriaxone is pronounced in the decrease in the second-order acylation rate constant, k/K, by penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2). These changes can be caused by both the decrease in the acylation rate constant, k, and the weakening of the binding affinity, i.e.