Microbiota of the Mammary Gland in Wistar Rats with Chemically Induced Breast Cancer after Treatment.

We conducted a comparative study of the mammary gland microbiota in female Wistar rats and the microbiota associated with breast cancer (BC) induced by the administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, after surgical treatment, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and chemotherapy (CT). Selective nutrient media and a smear-fingerprint technique were used to study the microbiota. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Lactobacillus were found in the mammary glands of intact rats.

Generation and characterization of two induced pluripotent stem cell lines (ICGi052-A and ICGi052-B) from a patient with frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism-17 associated with the pathological variant c.2013T>G in the MAPT gene.

Frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism-17 is a neurodegenerative disease characterised by pathological aggregation of the tau protein with the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and subsequent neuronal death. The inherited form of frontotemporal dementia can be caused by mutations in several genes, including the MAPT gene on chromosome 17, which encodes the tau protein. As there are currently no medically approved treatments for frontotemporal dementia, there is an urgent need for research using in vitro cell models to understand the molecular genetic mechanisms that lead to the development of the disease, to identify targets for therapeutic intervention and to test potential drugs to prevent neuronal death.

Generation of Isogenic iPSC Lines for Studying the Effect of the p.N515del (c.1543_1545delAAC) Variant on MYBPC3 Function and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Pathogenesis.

The clinical significance of numerous cardiovascular gene variants remains to be determined. CRISPR/Cas9 allows for the introduction and/or correction of a certain variant in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The resulting isogenic iPSC lines can be differentiated into cardiomyocytes and used as a platform to assess the pathogenicity of the variant.

Aminomethylmorpholino Nucleosides as Novel Inhibitors of PARP1 and PARP2: Experimental and Molecular Modeling Analyses of Their Selectivity and Mechanism of Action.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases 1 and 2 (PARP1 and PARP2) play a key role in DNA repair. As major sensors of DNA damage, they are activated to produce poly(ADP-ribose). PARP1/PARP2 inhibitors have emerged as effective drugs for the treatment of cancers with BRCA deficiencies.

A Novel Polymer Film to Develop Heart Valve Prostheses.

Polymer heart valves are a promising alternative to bioprostheses, the use of which is limited by the risks of calcific deterioration of devitalized preserved animal tissues. This is especially relevant in connection with the increasingly widespread use of transcatheter valves. Advances in modern organic chemistry provide a wide range of polymers that can replace biological material in the production of valve prostheses.

Could Be a Promising Marker for Preoperative Diagnosis of High-Grade Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?

Background/objectives: A modern classification distinguishes between two nosological entities posing an intermediate risk between differentiated and anaplastic carcinoma: poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma. There are currently few studies searching for the preoperative molecular genetic markers of high-grade papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC HG), primarily because of a recent WHO reclassification and singling out of a separate entity: high-grade follicular cell-derived nonanaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Therefore, this work was aimed at identifying PTC HG-specific microRNAs and mRNAs that reliably distinguish them from differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma in preoperative cytology specimens (fine-needle aspiration biopsies).

EHMT2 as a Candidate Gene for an Autosomal Recessive Neurodevelopmental Syndrome.

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) comprise clinical conditions with high genetic heterogeneity and a notable enrichment of genes involved in regulating chromatin structure and function. The EHMT1/2 epigenetic complex plays a crucial role in repression of gene transcription in a highly tissue- and temporal-specific manner. Mutations resulting in heterozygous loss-of-function (LoF) of EHMT1 are implicated in Kleefstra syndrome 1 (KS1).

Design of Ctenophore Ca-Regulated Photoprotein Berovin Capable of Being Converted into Active Protein Under Physiological Conditions: Computational and Experimental Approaches.

Here, we describe (1) the AlphaFold-based structural modeling approach to identify amino acids of the photoprotein berovin that are crucial for coelenterazine binding, and (2) the production and characterization of berovin mutants with substitutions of the identified residues regarding their effects on the ability to form an active photoprotein under physiological conditions and stability to light irradiation. The combination of mutations K90M, N107S, and W103F is demonstrated to cause a shift of optimal conditions for the conversion of apo-berovin into active photoprotein towards near-neutral pH and low ionic strength, and to reduce the sensitivity of active berovin to light. According to the berovin spatial structure model, these residues are found in close proximity to the 6-(-hydroxy)-phenyl group of the coelenterazine peroxyanion.

The Transcriptomic Response of Cells of the Thermophilic Bacterium to Terahertz Irradiation.

As areas of application of terahertz (THz) radiation expand in science and practice, evidence is accumulating that this type of radiation can affect not only biological molecules directly, but also cellular processes as a whole. In this study, the transcriptome in cells of the thermophilic bacterium was analyzed immediately after THz irradiation (0.23 W/cm, 130 μm, 15 min) and at 10 min after its completion.

Transfer Learning Approaches for Brain Metastases Screenings.

Background: In this study, we examined the effectiveness of transfer learning in improving automatic segmentation of brain metastases on magnetic resonance imaging scans, with potential applications in preventive exams and remote diagnostics.

Methods: We trained three deep learning models on a public dataset from the ASNR-MICCAI Brain Metastasis Challenge 2024, fine-tuned them on a small private dataset, and compared their performance to models trained from scratch.

Results: Results showed that models using transfer learning performed better than scratch-trained models, though the improvement was not statistically substantial.

Effect of Short-Term Restraint Stress on the Expression of Genes Associated with the Response to Oxidative Stress in the Hypothalamus of Hypertensive ISIAH and Normotensive WAG Rats.

Normotensive and hypertensive organisms respond differently to stress factors; however, the features of the central molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the reaction of the hypertensive organism to stress have not been fully established. In this study, we examined the transcriptome profiles of the hypothalamus of hypertensive ISIAH rats, modeling a stress-sensitive form of arterial hypertension, and normotensive WAG rats at rest and after exposure to a single short-term restraint stress. It was shown that oxidative phosphorylation is the most significantly enriched process among metabolic changes in the hypothalamus of rats of both strains when exposed to a single short-term restraint stress.

Image-Based Quantitative Analysis of Epidermal Morphology in Wild Potato Leaves.

The epidermal leaf patterns of plants exhibit remarkable diversity in cell shapes, sizes, and arrangements, driven by environmental interactions that lead to significant adaptive changes even among closely related species. The Solanaceae family, known for its high diversity of adaptive epidermal structures, has traditionally been studied using qualitative phenotypic descriptions. To advance this, we developed a workflow combining multi-scale computer vision, image processing, and data analysis to extract digital descriptors for leaf epidermal cell morphology.

AI-Assisted Identification of Primary and Secondary Metabolomic Markers for Postoperative Delirium.

Despite considerable investigative efforts, the molecular mechanisms of postoperative delirium (POD) remain unresolved. The present investigation employs innovative methodologies for identifying potential primary and secondary metabolic markers of POD by analyzing serum metabolomic profiles utilizing the genetic algorithm and artificial neural networks. The primary metabolomic markers constitute a combination of metabolites that optimally distinguish between POD and non-POD groups of patients.

Genome-wide association study revealed some new candidate genes associated with flowering and maturity time of soybean in Central and West Siberian regions of Russia.

The duration of flowering and maturity is an important agricultural trait determining the suitability of a variety for cultivation in the target region. In the present study, we used genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) to search for loci associated with soybean flowering and maturity in the Central and West Siberian regions of Russia. A field experiment was conducted in 2021/2022 at two locations (Orel and Novosibirsk).

Biocontrol Potential of the New Codling Moth Granulovirus (CpGV) Strains.

The use of CpGV strains as the basis for bioinsecticides is an effective and safe way to control . The research is aimed at the identification and study of new CpGV strains. Objects of identification and bioinformatic analysis: 18 CpGV strains.

The Expression of Genes , , and in Distinct Regions of the Heart and Its Possible Contribution to the Development of Hypertension.

Background: It is believed that alterations in the functioning of the cytochrome P450 (CYP), which participates in metabolic transformations of endogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (with the formation of cardioprotective or cardiotoxic products), affects the development of age-related cardiovascular diseases and reduces the effectiveness of some cardioselective drugs. For example, CYP2J2 activation or CYP1B1 inhibition protects against the cardiovascular toxicity of anticancer drugs. It is currently unclear whether CYPs capable of metabolizing arachidonic acid and ω-3 PUFAs to vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive derivatives are expressed in all heart regions.

Application of hs-CRP in Assessment of Tissue Inflammation Following Implantation of Biodegradable Polymer in Experiment.

Implants made of biodegradable polymers are replaced by regenerating tissues through inflammation. The changes occurring in tissues and the organism are of practical interest for studying the biocompatibility of the material and searching for systemic markers in the blood that reflect inflammation in peri-implantation tissues. The highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) measurements in blood and morphometric studies of tissue surrounding the implant were carried out in the experiment within three months of implantation of a biopolymer consisting of polycaprolactone (PCL) and polytrimethylene carbonate (PTMC).

Catching the Big Fish in Big Data: A Meta-Analysis of Zebrafish Kidney scRNA-Seq Datasets Highlights Conserved Molecular Profiles of Macrophages and Neutrophils in Vertebrates.

The innate immune system (IIS) is an ancient and essential defense mechanism that protects animals against a wide range of pathogens and diseases. Although extensively studied in mammals, our understanding of the IIS in other taxa remains limited. The zebrafish () serves as a promising model organism for investigating IIS-related processes, yet the immunogenetics of fish are not fully elucidated.

Novel SOI-Biosensor Topology for the Detection of an Acute Myocardial Infarction Marker - Troponin I.

Unlabelled: A biosensor based on field-effect transistors on silicon-on-insulator structures (SOI-biosensor) is a high-potential device for detection of biological molecules, for instance, such as troponin I; the biosensor allows conducting label-free real-time analysis. is the development of SOI-biosensor design for detection of acute myocardial infarction marker - troponin I. A notable feature of this design was the integration of two grounding electrodes directly onto the biosensor surface, which effectively nullified the static potential of the liquid sample and minimized physical breakdowns of biosensor elements.

Identification of Genomic Regions Conferring Enhanced Zn and Fe Concentration in Wheat Varieties and Introgression Lines Derived from Wild Relatives.

Wild and cultivated relatives of wheat are an important source of genetic factors for improving the mineral composition of wheat. In this work, a wheat panel consisting of modern bread wheat varieties, landraces, and introgression lines with genetic material of the wheat species , , , and and the synthetic line was used to identify loci associated with the grain zinc (GZnC) and iron (GFeC) content. Using a BLINK model, we identified 31 and 73 marker-trait associations (MTAs) for GZnC and GFeC, respectively, of which 19 were novel.

CDNF Exerts Anxiolytic, Antidepressant-like, and Procognitive Effects and Modulates Serotonin Turnover and Neuroplasticity-Related Genes.

Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is an unconventional neurotrophic factor because it does not bind to a known specific receptor on the plasma membrane and functions primarily as an unfolded protein response (UPR) regulator in the endoplasmic reticulum. Data on the effects of CDNF on nonmotor behavior and monoamine metabolism are limited. Here, we performed the intracerebroventricular injection of a recombinant CDNF protein at doses of 3, 10, and 30 μg in C57BL/6 mice.