Seasonal Dynamics in Burn Profiles: A Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis at the Burn Care Centre, PIMS, Islamabad (2016-2022).

Seasons have a major impact on the frequency and characteristics of burn injuries; in warmer months, thermal burns from outdoor activities are more common, while in cooler months, incidents involving heating sources and fires are more common. It is essential to comprehend these trends in order to customize safety precautions and awareness initiatives. Studies on the impact of seasonal variations help burn centers allocate resources more effectively in order to prepare for variations in patient volume and severity.

Comparative Analysis of Cardiac Effects of α-Adrenoreceptor Stimulation In Vivo and Ex Vivo in Newborn Rats.

The study examined the effects of α-adrenoceptor stimulation on chronotropic function of Langendorff-perfused isolated heart ex vivo and on cardiac chronotropy in vivo in 7-day-old rats. α-Adrenergic receptor agonist A-61603 reduced heart chronotropy only in the whole organism. No chronotropic effects of selective stimulation of α-adrenergic receptors on isolated hearts were observed in ex vivo experiments.

Effect of Neuropeptide Y on Action Potential of Working Right Atrial Cardiomyocytes in Early Postnatal Ontogeny.

The effects of neuropeptide Y (10-10 M) on electrical activity of right atrial cardiomyocytes of rats aging 7, 21, and 100 days were examined in vitro. Neuropeptide Y affected the amplitude-temporal parameters of the action potential in these cells. It decreased the duration of repolarization phase in 7-day-old rats in concentrations of 10 and 10 M, in 21-day-old rats at 10 and 10 M, and in 100-day-old at 10 M.

Effect of If Current Blockade on Newborn Rat Heart Isolated According to Langendorff.

The study examined the effects of hyperpolarization-activated funny current (If) on HR and coronary flow in Langendorff-isolated hearts from newborn rats. Blockade of If current with ZD7288 changed the examined cardiac parameters. The blocker in a concentration of 10 M decreased HR by 26.

visualization and quantification of experimental myocardial infarction by indocyanine green fluorescence imaging.

The fluorophore indocyanine green accumulates in areas of ischemia-reperfusion injury due to an increase in vascular permeability and extravasation of the dye. The aim of the study was to validate an indocyanine green-based technique of in vivo visualization of myocardial infarction. A further aim was to quantify infarct size ex vivo and compare this technique with the standard triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining.

Peculiar Aspects in Influence of α-Adrenoceptor Stimulation on Isolated Rat Heart.

The study examined the effect of α-adrenoceptor stimulation with methoxamine on chronotropic function of isolated heart perfused ex vivo according to Langendorff and cardiac chronotropy in vivo. Stimulation of α-adrenoceptors in isolated heart induced gradually developing bradycardia, which progressed during several minutes. Similar stimulation in vivo produced a short-term bradycardia probably terminated by the compensatory influences in the whole organism.

Peculiar Effects of Selective Blockade of α2-Adrenoceptor Subtypes on Cardiac Chronotropy in Newborn Rats.

We studied the effects of selective blockade of various subtypes of α2-adrenoceptors on cardiac chronotropy in newborn rats. This period in rats is characterized by the absence of adrenergic regulation of heart function. Blockade of α2A/D- and α2B-adrenoceptors in 1-weekold rats provoked tachycardia.

New technique of local ischemic preconditioning induction without repetitive aortic cross-clamping in cardiac surgery.

Background: Several studies have demonstrated that local ischemic preconditioning can reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in cardiac surgery patients; however, preconditioning has not become a standard cardioprotective intervention, primarily because of the increased risk of atheroembolism during repetitive aortic cross-clamping. In the present study, we aimed to describe and validate a novel technique of preconditioning induction.

Methods: Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (12 women and 78 men; mean age, 56 ± 11 years) were randomized into 3 groups: (1) Controls (n = 30), (2) Perfusion (n = 30), and (3) Preconditioning (n = 30).

Autofluorescence spectroscopy for NADH and flavoproteins redox state monitoring in the isolated rat heart subjected to ischemia-reperfusion.

Background: Reduction of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in the patients undergoing cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass represents an important goal. Intraoperative monitoring of myocardial metabolic state using continuous registration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) fluorescence might contribute to the solution of the problem. The successful application of fluorescent spectroscopy in the clinical field requires additional refinement of the technique, particularly using excitation of both NADH and FAD with different wavelengths.

Age-related peculiarities of inotropic response of rat myocardium to selective block of M1-cholinoreceptors.

In vitro effect of M1-cholinoreceptor blockade on the cardiac inotropic function was examined in rats aging 1, 3, 6, 8, and 20 weeks. In 1- and 3-week old rat pups, the sympathetic control of the heart has not developed, the age of 7-8 weeks being pubertal. Adult 20-week rats were used as the controls.

The effect of bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on myocardial remodelling in the rat model of ischaemic heart failure.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC and AD-MSC respectively) transplantation on left ventricular function and infarct area (IA) in the rat model of ischaemic heart failure. In anaesthetized Wistar rats, the left coronary artery (LCA) was occluded for 40 min with subsequent reperfusion for 7 days. Seven days following surgery, the animals with LCA occlusion/reperfusion were randomized into three groups: (i) Controls received intramyocardial injection of vehicle at three different locations within the peri-infarct zone, (ii) BM-MSC: cells were injected in the same way as in previous group (10(6) ), (iii) AD-MSC: using the same protocol as used in the BM-MSC group.

Intestinal injury can be reduced by intra-arterial postischemic perfusion with hypertonic saline.

Aim: To investigate the effect of local intestinal perfusion with hypertonic saline (HTS) on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in both ex vivo and in vivo rat models.

Methods: All experiments were performed on male Wistar rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium given intraperitoneally at a dose of 60 mg/kg. Ex vivo vascularly perfused rat intestine was subjected to 60-min ischemia and either 30-min reperfusion with isotonic buffer (controls), or 5 min with HTS of 365 or 415 mOsm/L osmolarity (HTS(365mOsm) or HTS(415mOsm), respectively) followed by 25-min reperfusion with isotonic buffer.

Characteristics of cerebral ischemia in major rat stroke models of middle cerebral artery ligation through craniectomy.

Background: The refinement of experimental stroke models is important for further development of neuroprotective interventions.

Aims And/or Hypothesis: Our goal was to study the reproducibility of outcomes obtained in five rat models of middle cerebral artery (MCA) ligation in order to identify the optimal model for the preclinical studies.

Methods: In Part 1 of the experiments, systolic blood flow velocity (sBFV) and cerebral area at risk (AR) were determined immediately after the onset of brain ischemia induced in different ways in Wistar rats.

L-theanine administration results in neuroprotection and prevents glutamate receptor agonist-mediated injury in the rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

While the neuroprotective effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis) might be explained by the presence of amino acid L-theanine in the tea leaves, it is not known whether postischemic administration of L-theanine could also provide neuroprotection. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of L-theanine (1 and 4 mg/kg) administered at 3, 12, and 24 h after reperfusion in the rat model of stroke. We also studied the effect of L-theanine on brain injury caused by exogenous administration of N-methyl-D-aspartate and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionate/kainate receptor agonists during reperfusion.

Nanoporous Structure of Bone Matrix at Osteoporosis from Data of Atomic Force Microscopy and IR Spectroscopy.

It was found that in an osteoporotic bone the fraction of nanosized pores decreases, the mineral phase amorphizes, hydrated shells around mineralized particles of the bone matrix thicken, and adhesion forces increase. This contributes to the formation of water clusters similar to bulk water clusters compared to the healthy bone tissue and leads to the accumulation of more viscous liquid with increased intermolecular interaction forces in the pores of the bone matrix. Given this, the rates of chemical reactions proceeding in the water phase of ultrathin channels of general parts of collagen fibrils decrease.

Reduction of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury with pre- and postconditioning: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

Reduction of infarct size as well as alleviation of other ischemia- and reperfusion-associated injuries are the goals of primary importance in cardiology. One of the remedies is considered to be myocardial preconditioning (PreCon) referred usually to as an increased myocardial tolerance to prolonged ischemia following brief ischemic or non-ischemic challenge. In this review, PreCon stimuli tested to date are considered including a number of mildly noxious factors applied either locally to the myocardium or systemically.

Isoflurane and other commonly used anaesthetics do not protect the isolated buffer perfused mouse heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury.

1. Some anaesthetic agents such as barbiturates and opioids possess cardioprotective properties in rats, rabbits, dogs and pigs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of some commonly used anaesthetic agents (pentobarbital, isoflurane and a mixture of midazolam, fentanyl and fluanisone) on the tolerance of the isolated mouse heart to ischaemia-reperfusion injury.

Ischemic postconditioning: brief ischemia during reperfusion converts persistent ventricular fibrillation into regular rhythm.

Objectives: Brief episodes of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion employed during reperfusion after a prolonged ischemic insult may attenuate the total ischemia-reperfusion injury. This phenomenon has been termed ischemic postconditioning. In the present study, we studied the possible effect of postconditioning on persistent reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation (VF) in the isolated rat heart model.