Handheld methanol detector for beverage analysis: interlaboratory validation.

Methanol is a toxic alcohol contained in alcoholic beverages as a natural byproduct of fermentation or added intentionally to counterfeits to increase profit. To ensure consumer safety, many countries and the EU have established strict legislation limits for methanol content. Methanol concentration is mostly detected by laboratory instrumentation since mobile devices for routine on-site testing of beverages in distilleries, at border stations or even at home are not available.

Candidate pathogenicity factor/effector proteins of ' Phytoplasma solani' modulate plant carbohydrate metabolism, accelerate the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, and induce autophagosomes.

The pathogenicity of intracellular plant pathogenic bacteria is associated with the action of pathogenicity factors/effectors, but their physiological roles for most phytoplasma species, including ' Phytoplasma solani' are unknown. Six putative pathogenicity factors/effectors from six different strains of '. P.

Effects of insecticides and repellents on the spread of ' Phytoplasma solani' under laboratory and field conditions.

Unlabelled: Recent outbreaks of ' Phytoplasma solani' resulted in severe losses in potatoes, vegetable crops and grapevines in certain regions of Austria and constituted a major challenge for seed potato production. Therefore, the effects of various insecticides and insect deterrents on pathogen spread were studied both in laboratory and field experiments from 2018 to 2021. In laboratory transmission experiments, field captured were caged on differently treated for five days The insecticides lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, acetamiprid and chlorpyriphos showed the most rapid impact on insect survival and fully prevented phytoplasma transmission.

"Improved quality assessment of cornelian cherry () fruit with regard to their processing potential".

The sensory properties and appropriateness of cornelian cherry (.) for processing is very closely related to its ripening stage, recognizable by firmness and skin colour to some extent. Due to the non-uniform ripening on the trees the quality of the fruits offered on the market depends very much on the harvest-method.

Geographical and Temporal Diversity of ' Phytoplasma solani' in Wine-Growing Regions in Slovenia and Austria.

As the causal agent of the grapevine yellows disease Bois noir, ' Phytoplasma solani' has a major economic impact on grapevines. To improve the control of Bois noir, it is critical to understand the very complex epidemiological cycles that involve the multiple ". P.

Vector transmission and epidemiology of ' Phytoplasma pyri' in Austria and identification of as new pathogen vector.

Unlabelled: Pear decline, induced by the phytoplasma ' Phytoplasma pyri', transmitted by pear psyllids, is one of the most devastating diseases on in Europe and North America. Investigations of pear psyllids in 4 pear orchards in lower Austria showed the presence of , and at all locations. PCR analyses revealed overall phytoplasma infection rates for of 5.

Astringent Gallic Acid in Red Wine Regulates Mechanisms of Gastric Acid Secretion via Activation of Bitter Taste Sensing Receptor TAS2R4.

Red wine is rich in phenolic compounds, which chiefly determine its characteristic taste. One of its major phenolic acid constituents for which an astringency, yet no clear contribution to bitter taste has been reported, is gallic acid (GA). In previous studies, we have demonstrated bitter-tasting constituents to regulate cellular proton secretion (PS) as a key mechanism of gastric acid secretion via activation of bitter taste sensing receptors (TAS2Rs).

Differential Response of Grapevine to Infection with ' Phytoplasma solani' in Early and Late Growing Season through Complex Regulation of mRNA and Small RNA Transcriptomes.

Bois noir is the most widespread phytoplasma grapevine disease in Europe. It is associated with ' Phytoplasma solani', but molecular interactions between the causal pathogen and its host plant are not well understood. In this work, we combined the analysis of high-throughput RNA-Seq and sRNA-Seq data with interaction network analysis for finding new cross-talks among pathways involved in infection of grapevine cv.

Identification of Catechin, Syringic Acid, and Procyanidin B2 in Wine as Stimulants of Gastric Acid Secretion.

Organic acids of wine, in addition to ethanol, have been identified as stimulants of gastric acid secretion. This study characterized the influence of other wine compounds, particularly phenolic compounds, on proton secretion. Forty wine parameters were determined in four red wines and six white wines, including the contents of organic acids and phenolic compounds.