[The value foundations of social immunity in conditions of expanding Russian space: A demographic aspect].

The article considers value determinants of social immunity of subjects in conditions of expanding Russian space. The issue is raised concerning formation in children and youths of social immunity and improvement of social immunity in representatives of middle-age and elderly population as barrier to harmful invasion of alien foreign cultural elements into life of Russians). It is determined that they negatively affect social and psychological components of human health and are manifested in occurrence of new diagnoses and exacerbation of chronic ones.

[SPECIFICITY OF SELF-PRESERVATION BEHAVIOR OF THE POPULATION OF THE CAPITAL REGION].

Based on data from official statistics and the "Selective Observation of Population Health" implemented by Rosstat, the article analyzes the dynamics of life expectancy and healthy life expectancy in the regions of Russia in the period from 2019 to 2023, with special attention paid to the position of Moscow in the structure under study.

[DYNAMIC ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION AND USE OF THE PROFESSIONAL AND QUALIFICATION POTENTIAL OF MEDICAL SPECIALISTS].

The study of the process of professional development of medical specialists does not lose its relevance, since this process needs constant improvement of its mechanisms for the formation and use of the professional and qualification potential of the personnel of medical organizations. Of great interest is the analysis of this process in dynamics (over a five-year period), which allows us to identify not only its current shortcomings, but also those that are sustainable. Special attention is paid to persistent imperfections.

[The interaction of digital devices utilization and behavior indicators of youth health].

Nowadays, such digital devices as laptop, tablet, computer, smartphone are an important component of life in all age categories of population that differently affect their health. The article presents analysis of problems of digital behavior of children and youth as related to health. The materials of sociological survey were used to consider mutual effect of recommendations on safe use of digital devices and behavior indicators of health of students.

[Priority needs of the older generation in social (digital) services.].

The social service approach for the elderly that emerged in the USSR in the late 1980s and was introduced within the framework of a federal law in 1995 was oriented towards care and service provision. However, various authors have noted that the needs of the elderly and the availability of services often do not coincide, and this gap is growing with the change of generations of the elderly. The modern approach, the founder of which was the Polish demographer E.

[To assess Resilience of Russian cities under international sanctions and the consequences of COVID-19: a sociological study].

The paper presents the results of in-depth interviews and a questionnaire survey of the Russian cites administration representatives about cities resilience under the sanctions pressure and COVID-19. The survey was conducted by the Center for Territorial Changes and Urban Development of IPEI RANEPA in March-May 2023, it was attended by representatives of the administration of more than 50 cities of the Russian Federation. We found overall situation as stable: social programs are being implemented in full, unemployment is decreasing, construction of municipal facilities continues, problems with failures in the supply of spare parts, equipment and components are being solved.

Compensation effect of mortality is a challenge to substantial lifespan extension of humans.

Despite frequent claims regarding radical extensions of human lifespan in the near future, many pragmatic scientists caution against excessive and baseless optimism on this front. In this study, we examine the compensation effect of mortality (CEM) as a potential challenge to substantial lifespan extension. The CEM is an empirical mortality regularity, often depicted as relative mortality convergence at advanced ages.

Exploring Patterns of Human Mortality and Aging: A Reliability Theory Viewpoint.

The most important manifestation of aging is an increased risk of death with advancing age, a mortality pattern characterized by empirical regularities known as mortality laws. We highlight three significant ones: the Gompertz law, compensation effect of mortality (CEM), and late-life mortality deceleration and describe new developments in this area. It is predicted that CEM should result in declining relative variability of mortality at older ages.

Actuarial Aging Rates in Human Cohorts.

Aging rate is an important characteristic of human aging. Attempts to measure aging rates through the Gompertz slope parameter lead to a conclusion that actuarial aging rates were stable during the most of the 20th century, but recently demonstrate an increase over time in the majority of studied populations. These findings were made using cross-sectional mortality data rather than by the analysis of mortality of real birth cohorts.

[FUNCTIONING OF THE INSTITUTIONS FOR ASSESSING QUALIFICATIONS OF MEDICAL SPECIALISTS IN OUTPATIENT AND INPATIENT SETTINGS].

The study of the level of appropriateness of the institutions for assessing qualifications of medical specialists with regard to their purpose is relevant due to a number of manifestations of the dysfunction of these institutions and the need to eliminate them. It is advisable to analyze these phenomena not only in general, but also from individual angles, including in the context of their functioning in outpatient and inpatient conditions. This perspective allows us to identify additional aspects of the dysfunction.

[Regional differences in fertility rates in real generations in Russia (according to the 2020 population census)].

Studies on birth rate regularities in Russia in the context of the task of ensuring reproduction of the population remain relevant. Assessment of the scale and trends in regional differentiation using the method of calculating birth rates in real generations of women makes it possible to obtain a more reliable picture of the ongoing processes, to assess the reproductive potential and target groups for the most effective implementation of demographic policy measures. The article presents results of calculations of fertility rates in real generations of women for all regions of the Russian Federation in line with the 2020 population census.

[Developing intellectual potential of medical organizations: Russian realities].

Introduction: The Russian healthcare system is in the process of transformation and changes, trying, on the one hand, to solve the accumulated problems, and on the other hand, to meet the modern agenda in the form of new challenges in the field of healthcare and rapidly developing information technologies. Meanwhile, in the course of ongoing reforms, questions of the formation and development of the intellectual potential of employees of medical organizations remain outside the brackets.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to rethink various approaches to intellectual potential, and to identify trends in this area.

[Behavior patterns of the population in relation to health].

In order to identify the basic patterns of behavior that reflect the attitude of Russians to their health, a large corpus of relevant scientific literature was analyzed, as well as actual statistical data and the results of representative sociological studies concerning various aspects of both self-preserving and self-destructive behavior of Russians. As a result, four basic models of behavior were formed and described, which differ in a set of positive and negative attitudes and characteristic lines of behavior in relation to one's health («a convinced healthy lifestyle person», «a beginner healthy lifestyle person», «irresponsible» and «self-destructive»). Based on the analysis of statistics and sociological information, it was concluded that even the behavioral model of a «beginner healthy lifestyle person» is implemented by a very minority of Russians.

MAIN PROBLEMS AFFECTING THE FORMATION OF THE WELL-BEING OF YOUNG RUSSIAN FAMILIES: ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF THE ALL-RUSSIAN SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH.

The paper presents the findings of a study conducted using a mass questionnaire survey of members of young families (n = 893). The purpose of the study is to identify what problems affecting well-being are faced by members of young families. In the sample, young families are represented by two groups - families with children and families without children.

[The social demographic aspects of infertility in matrimony: medical and psychological problems].

The article considers problem of infertility in married couples, which has ultimate social-demographic importance and affects interests of the state, society and the family itself. The purpose of the study is to analyze situation with infertility of married couples in Russia and to propose means to resolve mentioned problem. The risk factors in reproductology are to be taken into account both at all stages of growth, development and vital activity of human organism and at selection of married couples.

[New trends in age and aging research in the post-pandemic period (research overview).].

The pandemic of coronavirus infection and the general uncertainty and variability of the post-pandemic world developing with it have called into question the already outdated concept of chronological determination of the age of the older. Within the framework of this review, analyzing the latest publications on social policy, the sociology of aging, the role of information technology in the lives of older people and their employment, using the method of thematic analysis, we consider how researchers consider the transformation of the meanings of age and the characteristics of aging in the post-pandemic period. Based on the thematic analysis of articles for the period from January 2022 to March 2023, a conclusion was made about the blurring of the previous age boundaries.

On the Commentary by Anatoly I. Mikhalsky Published in Biochemistry (Moscow), Vol. 88, No. 1, pp. 162-163 (2023).

Caution is needed in using cohort data when studying age-related mortality dynamics, because mortality depends not only on age, but also on the changing living conditions over time. A hypothesis is proposed for further testing that the actuarial aging rate may even decrease in more recent birth cohorts of people due to improved living conditions.

Demographic Policy in Modern Russia: Population View and Expert Assessment.

When formulating demographic policy measures, it is important to rely not only on the analysis of quantitative parameters but also on weighted expert assessments that characterize the effectiveness of the measures taken. Based on the data of a mass survey of the population and expert interviews, this article discusses the features of the implementation of the national project "Demography" and analyzes successful regional practices. Gaps in the sociodemographic policy are revealed, and the regional specificity of demographic development is characterized.

Trends in Human Species-Specific Lifespan and Actuarial Aging Rate.

The compensation effect of mortality (CEM) was tested and species-specific lifespan was estimated using data on one-year age-specific death rates from the Human Mortality Database (HMD). CEM was confirmed using this source of the data and human species-specific lifespan estimates were obtained, which were similar to the estimates published before. Three models (Gompertz-Makeham, Gompertz-Makeham with mean-centered age, and Gompertz) produced similar estimates of the species-specific lifespan.

[Health-saving practices of older city dwellers in the context of delayed aging.].

The main purpose of the study: to analyze the ideas of older people about ways to influence their own health and their health promoting behavior. The study considers the elderly as an active agent that can influence their own health. Based on the materials of 25 in-depth interviews, 4 thematic blocks related to health were analyzed.

[Theoretical approach «Aging-in-place» and the possibility of its popularization in Russia.].

In the article, we analyze a theoretical approach to the organization of the life of older people, which is called «aging-in-place» (in the English literature). In recent years, this approach, developed in the UK and positively received in Western Europe, has attracted some interest among Russian researchers as well. The purpose of the article is to show the connection of «aging-in-place» with other theoretical approaches, namely community care, deinstitutionalization of services and care for the older persons, and especially with the social exclusion of the elder.

[SYSTEMIC PROBLEMS OF INSTITUTIONS FOR ASSESSING THE QUALIFICATION OF MEDICAL SPECIALISTS].

Violation of the interconnected system of institutions for assessing the qualifications of medical specialists can be associated with two main circumstances. The first circumstance is the emergence of new institutions with duplicate tasks and organizational forms, and the second is the withdrawal from the system of an institution that performs the necessary system function. Two relatively new institutions, namely the independent assessment of qualifications (IAQ) and certification for the title of «Moscow Doctor», are considered from the point of view of these circumstances.

[SELF-PRESERVING BEHAVIOR OF YOUNG MUSCOVITES: ATTITUDES, PRACTICES, PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION].

The self-preserving behavior of young people is of particular interest, since the prospects for the reproduction of the population and the development of the economy depend on it. The article presents the results of a sociological study of the self-preservation behavior of young residents of Moscow, many of whom came from Russian regions. There were studied the ideas of young people about the role of lifestyle in ensuring health and longevity, the meaning and obligatory nature of take care of health, the influence of primary socialization and the current social environment, as well as models of behavior in terms of combining work and rest, eating habits, physical activity, seeking medical help.

The abortions in minors as a medical social problem.

The article deals with the problem of abortions among minors, which has extremely important socio-demographic significance and affects interests of the state, society, family and, above all, interests of young woman herself. The purpose of the study is to investigate and to analyze situation with abortions among minors in the Russian Federation. It is noted that maximal prevention of abortions among minors is a task of particular importance, requiring extensive educational and explanatory measures, improving the life-style, key direction in health protection strategy not only of adolescents and the youth, but also of population as a whole.