Effect of Exenatide Use on Cognitive and Affective Functioning in Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Exenatide Use Mediates Depressive Scores Through Increased Perceived Stress Levels.

Purpose/background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a molecule used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Given their widespread expression in the nervous system, GLP-1 receptors also play a role in regulating mood and cognitive function. Here, we aimed to compare obese patients with T2DM, with or without exenatide (a GLP-1R agonist) use on cognitive and affective functioning.

The unchanging face of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in adulthood.

Purpose: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe childhood-onset epileptic encephalopathy characterized by the presence of multiple types of intractable seizures, cognitive impairment, and specific electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns. The aim of this study was to investigate the electroclinical features of patients with LGS during adulthood.

Methods: We retrospectively identified the medical records of 20 patients aged over 18 years with a diagnosis of LGS from 3896 patients with epilepsy.

Effects of Treatment Adherence on Quality of Life in Hypoparathyroid Patients.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the current situation of hypoparathyroid patients and to investigate the relationship between treatment adherence and quality of life.

Study Design: Prospective, multicentre study.

Methods: Adult patients presenting with the diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism to 20 different endocrinology clinics were included.

Effects of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides on Different Pathways Involved in the Development of Spinal Cord Ischemia Reperfusion Injury: Biochemical, Histopathologic, and Ultrastructural Analysis in a Rat Model.

Objective: Inflammation and oxidative stress are 2 important factors in the emergence of paraplegia associated with spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCIRI) after thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. Here it is aimed to investigate the effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLPS) on SCIRI.

Methods: Rats were randomly selected into 4 groups of 8 animals each: sham, ischemia, methylprednisolone, and GLPS.

Evaluation of serum endocan levels in relation to epicardial fat tissue thickness in metabolic syndrome patients.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome has been recognized as a predictor of cardiovascular diseases. Epicardial fat tissue (EFT) thickness has recently been shown to be a predictor of cardiovascular diseases in metabolic syndrome patients. Endocan is a novel molecule which is considered to be an early marker of endothelial dysfunction.

Percutaneous rhinolift procedure for droopy tip.

Objective: Droopy tip may lead to functional impairment due to nasal valve insufficiency. There are several techniques available in order to correct under rotated tip, including sutures, resection and grafting. The major drawback of these standart procedures is the correction of nasal cartilage framework rather than droopy skin envelope.

The effects of 4-aminopyridine and methylprednisolone on recovery of the facial nerve crush injury.

Objective: 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) is a potassium channel blocker that enhances nerve excitability. In this study, rat models that have facial nerve crush injury (FNCI) were grouped and treated with methylprednisolone (MP), 4-AP, and a combination of these two drugs. Electrophysiologic and histopathologic outcomes of these groups will be compared with a control group.

Clinical management of uveal melanoma: a comprehensive review with a treatment algorithm.

Uveal melanoma (UM), the most frequently occurring non-cutaneous melanoma and most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, arises from the melanocytes of the choroid in approximately 95% of cases. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is vital as primary tumor size is one of the key factors associated with survival. Despite recent advances in management, more than half of the patients develop metastatic disease which portends poor survival.

Pitfalls in the diagnosis of Jeavons syndrome: a study of 32 cases and review of the literature.

Jeavons syndrome (JS) is mainly characterized by eyelid myoclonia with or without absences. It is thought to be underdiagnosed rather than have a rare prevalence. We aimed to investigate the electroclinical features of JS to determine possible factors influencing the diagnosis.

Amelioration of Cerebral Vasospasm and Secondary Injury by Vigabatrin After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Rabbit.

Background: Vigabatrin, an antiepileptic drug, increases the level of gamma aminobutyric acid in the brain by inhibiting its catabolism. Because gamma aminobutyric acid has been proved to have vasodilatory effects, in the present study, we investigated the effect of vigabatrin to treat experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced vasospasm.

Methods: A total of 30 New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 3 groups of 10 each: the control group, SAH group, and vigabatrin group.

Endocan: A Biomarker for Hepatosteatosis in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases, which has recently been mentioned as an independent cardiovascular risk factor.

Objectives: Endocan is a novel molecule of endothelial dysfunction. We aimed to evaluate the associations of serum endocan levels with the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), fatty liver index (FLI), and degrees of hepatosteatosis in patients with metabolic syndrome with NAFLD.

Sensitive Sequencing Analysis Suggests Thyrotropin Receptor and Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Protein G Subunit Alpha as Sole Driver Mutations in Hot Thyroid Nodules.

Constitutively activating mutations in the thyrotropin receptor () and the guanine nucleotide-binding protein G subunit alpha () are the primary cause of hot thyroid nodules (HTNs). The reported prevalence of and mutations in HTNs varies. Previous studies show mutations in 8-82% of HTNs and mutations in 8-75% of HTNs.

Blocking VEGF by Bevacizumab Attenuates VEGF-Induced Vasospasm After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rabbits.

Objective: Vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) plays a vital role in the development of delayed cerebral ischemia. Anti- vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies, like bevacizumab (BEV), may attenuate VEGF-stimulated angiogenesis, reduced vascular cell proliferation, and improve vasospasm after SAH.

Methods: Thirty-two adult male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8 rabbits in each group: group 1 (control); group 2 (SAH); group 3 (SAH + vehicle); and group 4 (SAH + BEV).

Is experience alone sufficient to diagnose developmental dysplasia of the hip without the bony roof (alpha angle) and the cartilage roof (beta angle) measurements?: A diagnostic accuracy study.

In the Graf method of hip ultrasonography, the diagnosis of the infantile hip with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is strictly dependent on the bony roof (alpha angle) and the cartilage roof (beta angle) measurements. In this study, we investigated whether the infant hip could be diagnosed with DDH solely by evaluating ultrasound images obtained in the standard plane, without bony roof and cartilage roof measurements, in respect to different professional experience levels.Two hundred ten hip ultrasounds were randomly selected from patients who presented to our hospital for DDH screening.

Effects of Sleep-Related Disorders on the Prognosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Background/objective: In this study, we demonstrated the effects of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) on the prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the effects of sleep-related disorders other than breathing problems are still waiting to be delineated.

Methods: In this longitudinal retrospective and prospective study, we investigated 73 patients with ALS compared to 20 healthy subjects, to determine sleep-related disorders and their impact on disease prognosis.

Histopathological Evaluation of Mechanoreceptors in the Metatarsophalangeal Joint Capsule in Hallux Valgus.

To date, we could find no study concerning the relationship between mechanoreceptors in the joint capsule of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and hallux valgus deformity. We aimed to investigate the presence of mechanoreceptors in samples obtained from the first metatarsophalangeal joint capsules of patients with hallux valgus deformity to improve our understanding of the clinical and histopathological features of the disease. Samples were taken from the first metatarsophalangeal joint capsules of 13 fresh-frozen cadavers with normal anatomy (controls) and 29 patients undergoing surgery for hallux valgus (cases).

Does metformin affect mammographic breast density in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.

Increased mammographic breast density (MBD) is known to be associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to research the possible relationship between MBD and metformin use in postmenopausal women diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The patients were divided into two groups: women with T2DM and who were on metformin and women who were newly diagnosed with T2DM and had not yet taken metformin.

Insulin autoimmune syndrome - time to remember.

Not required for Clinical Vignette.

Demographic characteristics and delayed neurological sequelae risk factors in carbon monoxide poisoning.

Aim: Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas and tasteless. CO poisoning (COP) is one of the most frequently encountered inhalation poisonings. The most common cause of morbidity in COP is delayed neurological sequelae (DNS).

Assessment of the Quality and Reliability of the Information on Rotator Cuff Repair on YouTube.

Introduction: YouTube® has become a common health information source for patients. Recent studies have determined that videos on YouTube® contain misleading and inappropriate information for different medical conditions. The aim of the present study was to assess the quality and reliability of videos pertaining to rotator cuff (RC) repair surgery.

infection coexisting with intestinal metaplasia is not associated with colorectal neoplasms.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and our country. Studies have indicated that there might be a relationship between (Hp) and colorectal neoplasia (CN), although others have not found any relationship.

Aim: To determine whether there is a potential relationship between Hp and CN in our patients.

Association between cardiovascular risk factors and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein ratio: a single-center experience.

Introduction: We aimed to investigate associations between triglycerides (Tg)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and smoking in patients without diabetes mellitus.

Material And Methods: The study included 91 patients between 18 and 65 years old age, with no diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Laboratory parameters of Tg, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL cholesterol, FBG, BMI (kg/m), WC (cm), SBP and DBP (mm Hg), smoking status, and demographic data were collected from patients' electronic records.

Evaluation of the age and gender related changes in the Blumensaat line.

Purpose: The position of the patella according to the femur is very important in the evaluation of patella-femoral joint disorders. In 1938, Blumensaat (BS) described the BS line to evaluate the patella femoral congruence. This method is still valuable in clinical use.