754 results match your criteria: "Farr Institute[Affiliation]"

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Assessing thyroid cancer risk using polygenic risk scores.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

March 2020

Human Cancer Genetics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210;

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified at least 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) risk. Most of these SNPs are common variants with small to moderate effect sizes. Here we assessed the combined genetic effects of these variants on PTC risk by using summarized GWAS results to build polygenic risk score (PRS) models in three PTC study groups from Ohio (1,544 patients and 1,593 controls), Iceland (723 patients and 129,556 controls), and the United Kingdom (534 patients and 407,945 controls).

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Background We aimed at investigating the association of circulating fatty acids with coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke risk. Methods and Results We conducted an individual-participant data meta-analysis of 5 UK-based cohorts and 1 matched case-control study. Fatty acids (ie, omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid, omega-6 linoleic acid, monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids) were measured at baseline using an automated high-throughput serum nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics platform.

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Cohort study of high maternal body mass index and the risk of adverse pregnancy and delivery outcomes in Scotland.

BMJ Open

February 2020

Farr Institute at Scotland, Nine, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 9 Little France Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK.

Objective: To examine the association between high maternal weight status and complications during pregnancy and delivery.

Setting: Scotland.

Participants: Data from 132 899 first-time singleton deliveries in Scotland between 2008 and 2015 were used.

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Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus infection in early childhood has been linked to longer-term respiratory morbidity; however, debate persists around its impact on asthma. The objective was to assess the association between respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization and childhood asthma.

Methods: Asthma hospital admissions and medication use through 18 years were compared in children with (cases) and without (controls) respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in the first 2 years of life.

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Mental health in UK Biobank - development, implementation and results from an online questionnaire completed by 157 366 participants: a reanalysis.

BJPsych Open

February 2020

Director, National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the Maudsley; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London; and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UK.

Background: UK Biobank is a well-characterised cohort of over 500 000 participants including genetics, environmental data and imaging. An online mental health questionnaire was designed for UK Biobank participants to expand its potential.

Aims: Describe the development, implementation and results of this questionnaire.

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Article Synopsis
  • Blood pressure variability (BPV) may be a risk factor for cardiovascular issues and mortality, but findings vary based on the population and measurement methods used.
  • A systematic review analyzed 61 studies involving over 3.3 million individuals, focusing on short-term BPV measured over 24-hour periods or several days.
  • Results indicated a moderate quality evidence linking BPV to cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality, while the association with cardiovascular mortality was less consistent across studies.
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Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) infections cause a significant public health burden worldwide and in the UK with evidence pointing to socio-economic inequalities, particularly among children. Qualitative studies can help us understand why inequalities occur and contribute to developing more effective interventions. This study had two aims: 1.

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Background: We evaluated oncological changes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) treated by chemoradiotherapy (CRT) from a large UK institute, to derive estimates of contemporary outcomes.

Methods: We performed a treatment-cohort analysis in 560 patients with non-metastatic SCCA treated with CRT over 25 years. The primary outcomes were 3-year loco-regional failure (LRF), 5-year overall survival (OS), and 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS).

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National data from Scotland (all births from 2000 to 2011) were used to estimate the burden associated with respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisation (RSVH) during the first 2 years of life. RSVHs were identified using the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes. Of 623,770 children, 13,362 (2.

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The role of real-world data in the development of treatment guidelines: a case study on guideline developers' opinions about using observational data on antibiotic prescribing in primary care.

BMC Health Serv Res

December 2019

Health e-Research Centre, Farr Institute, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a prominent threat to public health. Although many guidelines have been developed over the years to tackle this issue, their impact on health care practice varies. Guidelines are often based on evidence from clinical trials, but these have limitations, particularly in the breadth and generalisability of the evidence and evaluation of the guidelines' uptake.

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Examining the impact of data quality and completeness of electronic health records on predictions of patients' risks of cardiovascular disease.

Int J Med Inform

January 2020

Health e-Research Centre, Farr Institute, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Alan Turing Institute, Headquartered at the British Library, London, UK. Electronic address:

Objective: To assess the extent of variation of data quality and completeness of electronic health records and impact on the robustness of risk predictions of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) using a risk prediction tool that is based on routinely collected data (QRISK3).

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Settings: 392 general practices (including 3.

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A real-time spatio-temporal syndromic surveillance system with application to small companion animals.

Sci Rep

November 2019

Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics (CHICAS), Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK.

Lack of disease surveillance in small companion animals worldwide has contributed to a deficit in our ability to detect and respond to outbreaks. In this paper we describe the first real-time syndromic surveillance system that conducts integrated spatio-temporal analysis of data from a national network of veterinary premises for the early detection of disease outbreaks in small animals. We illustrate the system's performance using data relating to gastrointestinal disease in dogs and cats.

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Patients' and public views and attitudes towards the sharing of health data for research: a narrative review of the empirical evidence.

J Med Ethics

January 2022

Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Introduction: International sharing of health data opens the door to the study of the so-called 'Big Data', which holds great promise for improving patient-centred care. Failure of recent data sharing initiatives indicates an urgent need to invest in societal trust in researchers and institutions. Key to an informed understanding of such a 'social license' is identifying the views patients and the public may hold with regard to data sharing for health research.

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Background Women are underrepresented in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) trials. Some studies suggest that women fare better than men after CRT. We sought to explore clinical outcomes in women and men undergoing CRT-defibrillation or CRT-pacing in real-world clinical practice.

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Associations of autozygosity with a broad range of human phenotypes.

Nat Commun

October 2019

Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland.

In many species, the offspring of related parents suffer reduced reproductive success, a phenomenon known as inbreeding depression. In humans, the importance of this effect has remained unclear, partly because reproduction between close relatives is both rare and frequently associated with confounding social factors. Here, using genomic inbreeding coefficients (F) for >1.

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Background: We characterised the phenotypic consequence of genetic variation at the PCSK9 locus and compared findings with recent trials of pharmacological inhibitors of PCSK9.

Methods: Published and individual participant level data (300,000+ participants) were combined to construct a weighted PCSK9 gene-centric score (GS). Seventeen randomized placebo controlled PCSK9 inhibitor trials were included, providing data on 79,578 participants.

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Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the leading causes of death globally. Electronic health records (EHRs) provide a rich data source for research on CVD risk factors, treatments and outcomes. Researchers must be confident in the validity of diagnoses in EHRs, particularly when diagnosis definitions and use of EHRs change over time.

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Low-value clinical practices in adult traumatic brain injury: an umbrella review protocol.

BMJ Open

October 2019

Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus), Université Laval, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to 50 000 deaths, 85 000 disabilities and costs $60 billion each year in the USA. Despite numerous interventions and treatment options, the outcomes of TBI have improved little over the last three decades. In a previous scoping review and expert consultation survey, we identified 13 potentially low-value clinical practices in acute TBI.

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Genetic associations with radiological damage in rheumatoid arthritis: Meta-analysis of seven genome-wide association studies of 2,775 cases.

PLoS One

March 2020

Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Primary Care Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom.

Background: Previous studies of radiological damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have used candidate-gene approaches, or evaluated single genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We undertook the first meta-analysis of GWAS of RA radiological damage to: (1) identify novel genetic loci for this trait; and (2) test previously validated variants.

Methods: Seven GWAS (2,775 RA cases, of a range of ancestries) were combined in a meta-analysis.

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Objective: To evaluate the effects of drug interventions that may modify the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults with CKD stages 3 and 4.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: Searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Health Technology Assessment, Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, Conference Proceedings Citation Index and Clinical Trials Register, from March 1999 to July 2018, we identified randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of drugs for hypertension, lipid modification, glycaemic control and sodium bicarbonate, compared with placebo, no drug or a drug from another class, in ≥40 adults with CKD stages 3 and/or 4, with at least 2 years of follow-up and reporting renal function (primary outcome), proteinuria, adverse events, maintenance dialysis, transplantation, cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality or all-cause mortality.

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Background: Few adolescent girls engage in enough physical activity (PA) to meet recommendations and there is a need for new interventions to increase girls PA. We have previously published the results of the PLAN-A cluster randomised feasibility trial which was a peer-led school-based PA intervention, showing that the intervention was feasible and held promise to increase the PA of girls aged 12-13 years. In PLAN-A, pupils nominated by their peers as influential attend training to teach them how to influence, promote and normalise physical activity amongst their peer-group.

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Objectives: Despite the publication of hundreds of trials on gout and hyperuricemia, management of these conditions remains suboptimal. We aimed to assess the quality and consistency of guidance documents for gout and hyperuricemia.

Design: Systematic review and quality assessment using the appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation (AGREE) II methodology.

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Same-Day Discharge After Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights From the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society.

JACC Cardiovasc Interv

August 2019

Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, University of Keele and Academic Department of Cardiology, Royal Stoke Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate national temporal trends in same-day discharge (SDD) and compare clinical outcomes with those among patients admitted for overnight stay undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable angina.

Background: Overnight observation has been the standard of care following PCI, with no previous national analyses around changes in practice or clinical outcomes from health care systems in which SDD is the predominant practice for elective PCI.

Methods: Data from 169,623 patients undergoing elective PCI between 2007 and 2014 were obtained from the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society registry.

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