The effect of synbiotic supplementation on plasma levels of advanced glycation end products and cardiovascular risk factors in hemodialysis patients: A double-blind clinical trial.

There is increasing evidence supporting the relationship between imbalance of gut microbiota and development of chronic kidney and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of synbiotic supplementation on plasma levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and cardiovascular risk factors in hemodialysis (HD) patients. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 36 HD patients were randomly allocated into two groups to receive two synbiotic supplements ( = 19) or placebo ( = 17) daily for 12 weeks.