Role of smoothened and sfrp genes in Eupentacta fraudatrix regeneration.

The secreted frizzled-related proteins (sfrp) and smoothened (smo) genes and their possible role in the regeneration of internal organs in the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix were studied. In this species, two sfrp genes were identified: sfrp1/2/5, sfrp3/4 and one smo gene. Their expression was analysed during regeneration of the aquapharyngeal bulb (AB) and intestine, and these genes were knock down by RNA interference.

Modern Aspects of Burn Injury Immunopathogenesis and Prognostic Immunobiochemical Markers (Mini-Review).

Burn injuries are among the most common peacetime injuries, with mortality ranging from 2.3% to 3.6%.

Horizontal Transfer of Virulence Factors by Pathogenic Enterobacteria to Marine Saprotrophic Bacteria during Co-Cultivation in Biofilm.

Environmental problems associated with marine pollution and climate warming create favorable conditions for the penetration and survival of pathogenic bacteria in marine ecosystems. These microorganisms have interspecific competitive interactions with marine bacteria. Co-culture, as an important research strategy that mimics the natural environment of bacteria, can activate silent genes or clusters through interspecies interactions.

Editorial for the Special Issue Applications of Nanomaterials in Plasmonic Sensors.

Further progress in the modern sensor industry is associated with the widespread application of new solutions and principles from the field of nanooptics and nanophotonics [...

Molecular Targets of Brown Algae Phlorotannins for the Therapy of Inflammatory Processes of Various Origins.

Inflammatory reactions are part of a complex biological response that plays a vital role in the appearance of various stimuli resulting from tissue and cell damage, the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, and the formation of the subsequent adaptive immune response. The production of many triggers and mediators of inflammation, which are inducers of pro-inflammatory factors, is controlled by numerous differentiation programs, through which inflammation is resolved and tissue homeostasis is restored. However, prolonged inflammatory responses or dysregulation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms can lead to chronic inflammation.

Analytical Calculations of Scattering Amplitude of Surface Plasmon Polaritons Excited by a Spherical Nanoantenna.

Since surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are surface waves, they cannot be excited by an incident plane wave, because free-space photons do not possess a sufficient in-plane momentum. Phase matching between the incident light and SPP can be achieved using a high-refractive-index prism, grating, or nanoantennas. In this work, we found an expression for the amplitude of SPP excited by an arbitrary 3D current distribution placed near a metal interface.

Antiparasitic Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Marine Hydrobionts.

This review presents materials characterizing sulfated polysaccharides (SPS) of marine hydrobionts (algae and invertebrates) as potential means for the prevention and treatment of protozoa and helminthiasis. The authors have summarized the literature on the pathogenetic targets of protozoa on the host cells and on the antiparasitic potential of polysaccharides from red, brown and green algae as well as certain marine invertebrates. Information about the mechanisms of action of these unique compounds in diseases caused by protozoa has also been summarized.

Glioblastoma: What can we do for these patients today and what will we be able to do in the future?

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an extremely aggressive primary human brain tumor. The median survival of GBM patients is 15 months in case of completing the modern complex treatment protocol. Chemotherapy can help to extend the life expectancy of patients.

Older adults: panoramic view on the COVID-19 vaccination.

In December 2020, COVID-19 vaccination started in many countries, with which the world community hopes to stop the further spread of the current pandemic. More than 90% of sick and deceased patients belong to the category of older adults (65 years and older). This category of the population is most vulnerable to infectious diseases, so vaccination is the most effective preventive strategy, the need for which for older adults is indisputable.

Polymethylolacrylamide/AuNPs Nanocomposites: Electrochemical Synthesis and Functional Characteristics.

In this study the advantages of the electrochemical approach to the formation of polymer/metal nanoparticle composites are demonstrated. The method enables one to simplify the multistage processes of traditional technologies for the production of such materials through combining all intermediate processes in one stage and reducing the total formation time to 3-10 min. The possibility of a single-stage formation of a polymethylolacrylamide/AuNPs composite through including AuNPs into an electrically non-conducting polymethylolacrylamide film (carrier) formed by electropolymerization through potentiostatic electrolysis is also demonstrated for the first time.

Anthracene-containing complexes of boron difluoride. Dual luminescence, formation of excimers, and mechanochromism.

A comparative study of the luminescence properties and crystal structure of boron difluoride 1-(anthracen-9-yl)butane-1,3-dionate (1) and their nitrogen-containing analogs with hydrogen and methyl substituents (2 and 3) has been performed. For boron difluoride beta-diketonate (1) and beta-ketoiminate with a hydrogen substituent (2), which does not create significant steric difficulties, the luminescence of crystals is determined by that of excimers and aggregates based on them. For the compounds 1-3, mechanofluorochromism has been observed, the spectral manifestation of which is different: at grinding the crystals of 1 and 2, a hypsochromic shift of the excitation and luminescence bands occurs, whereas in the case of crystals of 3, a bathochromic shift takes place.

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Pacific salmon from the Kamchatka Peninsula and Sakhalin Island, Northwest Pacific.

The purpose of the present study was to determine levels of POPs (dieldrin, endrin, HCH isomers, DDT metabolites, and PCB congeners) in organs of chum (Oncorhynchus keta), pink (O. gorbuscha), sockeye (O. nerka), masu (O.

The Potency of Seaweed Sulfated Polysaccharides for the Correction of Hemostasis Disorders in COVID-19.

Hemostasis disorders play an important role in the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and outcome of COVID-19. First of all, the hemostasis system suffers due to a complicated and severe course of COVID-19. A significant number of COVID-19 patients develop signs of hypercoagulability, thrombocytopenia, and hyperfibrinolysis.

Antiviral Effects of Polyphenols from Marine Algae.

The disease-preventive and medicinal properties of plant polyphenolic compounds have long been known. As active ingredients, they are used to prevent and treat many noncommunicable diseases. In recent decades, marine macroalgae have attracted the attention of biotechnologists and pharmacologists as a promising and almost inexhaustible source of polyphenols.

Laboratory-Based Resources for COVID-19 Diagnostics: Traditional Tools and Novel Technologies. A Perspective of Personalized Medicine.

The coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus, has provoked a global healthcare and economic crisis. The control over the spread of the disease requires an efficient and scalable laboratory-based strategy for testing the population based on multiple platforms to provide rapid and accurate diagnosis. With the onset of the pandemic, the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method has become a standard diagnostic tool, which has received wide clinical use.

Six decades of lateral flow immunoassay: from determining metabolic markers to diagnosing COVID-19.

Technologies based on lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), known in some countries of the world as immunochromatographic tests, have been successfully used for the last six decades in diagnostics of many diseases and conditions as they allow rapid detection of molecular ligands in biosubstrates. The popularity of these diagnostic platforms is constantly increasing in healthcare facilities, particularly those facing limited budgets and time, as well as in household use for individual health monitoring. The advantages of these low-cost devices over modern laboratory-based analyzers come from their availability, opportunity of rapid detection, and ease of use.

Algae Polyphenolic Compounds and Modern Antibacterial Strategies: Current Achievements and Immediate Prospects.

The increasing drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms raises concern worldwide and necessitates the search for new natural compounds with antibacterial properties. Marine algae are considered a natural and attractive biotechnological source of novel antibiotics. The high antimicrobial activity of their polyphenolic compounds is a promising basis for designing innovative pharmaceuticals.

Sulfated Polysaccharides from Marine Algae as a Basis of Modern Biotechnologies for Creating Wound Dressings: Current Achievements and Future Prospects.

Wound healing involves a complex cascade of cellular, molecular, and biochemical responses and signaling processes. It consists of successive interrelated phases, the duration of which depends on a multitude of factors. Wound treatment is a major healthcare issue that can be resolved by the development of effective and affordable wound dressings based on natural materials and biologically active substances.

Bioaccumulation of POPs in human breast milk from south of the Russian Far East and exposure risk to breastfed infants.

The present study is a stage of the regular POP monitoring conducted in the framework of the Russian Federation's National Implementation Plan under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. The POPs concentration (ΣHCH+ΣDDT+ΣPCB) in the samples ranged from 23 to 878 (with a mean of 151.4) ng/g lipid.

Synthetic hydrosilicate nanotubes induce low pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic responses compared to natural chrysotile in lung cell cultures.

Asbestos (Mg-hydrosilicate; chrysotile) is known to cause pleural diseases, pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancers, via mechanisms strongly depending on diameter-length ratio and possibly metal content. A critical question is whether synthetic hydrosilicate nanotubes (NTs) of short length possess little toxic potential compared to chrysotile. Five Mg- and two NiNTs of different lengths were assessed for cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory responses in THP-1 macrophages and human bronchial epithelial lung cells (HBEC3-KT), in comparison with chrysotile.

Protective action of alkylglycerols under stress.

The adaptogenic properties of alkylglycerols (AGs) after 1 month's treatment were investigated in a rat model of acute immobilization stress (AIS). The animals receiving AGs 157 mg/kg showed a body weight (BW) decrease in addition to a more pronounced increase in the adrenal glands index under stress conditions. Also, AGs at this dose prevented AIS-induced catalase inhibition.

The ecosystem carbon sink implications of mountain forest expansion into abandoned grazing land: The role of subsoil and climatic factors.

Woody encroachment is a widespread phenomenon resulting from the abandonment of mountain agricultural and pastoral practices during the last century. As a result, forests have expanded, increasing biomass and necromass carbon (C) pools. However, the impact on soil organic carbon (SOC) is less clear.

Enhancement of X-ray emission from nanocolloidal gold suspensions under double-pulse excitation.

Enhancement of X-ray emission was observed from a micro-jet of a nano-colloidal gold suspension in air under double-pulse excitation of ultrashort (40 fs) near-IR laser pulses. Temporal and spatial overlaps between the pre-pulse and the main pulse were optimized for the highest X-ray emission. The maximum X-ray intensity was obtained at a 1-7 ns delay of the main pulse irradiation after the pre-pulse irradiation with the micro-jet position shifted along the laser beam propagation.

Adipose may actively delay progression of NAFLD by releasing tumor-suppressing, anti-fibrotic miR-122 into circulation.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver pathology. Here we propose tissue-cooperative, homeostatic model of NAFLD. During early stages of NAFLD the intrahepatic production of miR-122 falls, while the secretion of miRNA-containing exosomes by adipose increases.

Comparison of objective and subjective factors in the adherence to antimuscarinics when treating overactive bladder in employed persons.

Background: This study examines subjective reasons for the refusal of treatment and the state of objective status markers of various factors influencing the resistance of patients when treating overactive bladder by antimuscarinic drugs (AMs).

Methods: The socioeconomic and medical parameters were studied in 2465 patients aged 18-60 years (1446 women (58.7%), 1019 men (41.