The effects of neighborhood perceptions on response to a technology-assisted parenting intervention for adolescent substance use: protocol of a diversity supplement to parent SMART (Substance Misuse in Adolescents in Residential Treatment).

Background: It is well established that an adolescent's neighborhood is associated with their likelihood of developing a substance use disorder. The availability of drugs, lack of access to resources, and exposure to violence are all associated with greater substance use among young people, leading to more pronounced health inequities. Technology assisted interventions (TAIs) have been touted to enhance the reach of substance use treatment and improve outcomes for high-need families living in underserved neighborhoods.

Wealth-related inequalities in the utilisation of modern contraceptives in Papua New Guinea: evidence from the 2016-2018 Demographic and Health Survey data.

Objective: To examine the wealth-related disparities in modern contraceptives use among women in Papua New Guinea.

Design: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the 2016-2018 Papua New Guinea Demographic and Health Survey data. We included 11 618 women of reproductive age in our final analysis.

Expanding the genetic spectrum of hereditary motor sensory neuropathies in Pakistan.

Background: Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) refers to a group of inherited progressive peripheral neuropathies characterized by reduced nerve conduction velocity with chronic segmental demyelination and/or axonal degeneration. HMSN is highly clinically and genetically heterogeneous with multiple inheritance patterns and phenotypic overlap with other inherited neuropathies and neurodegenerative diseases. Due to this high complexity and genetic heterogeneity, this study aimed to elucidate the genetic causes of HMSN in Pakistani families using Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) for variant identification and Sanger sequencing for validation and segregation analysis, facilitating accurate clinical diagnosis.

Development and testing of a videogame intervention for symptom management among 8-18 years old children with cancer: a study protocol.

Introduction: Evidence shows that cancer treatment-related symptoms could be managed effectively in 8-18 years old children through Digital Health Interventions (DHIs), consequently improving their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, limited research is available about digitally mediated educative health interventions for children with cancer from lower-middle income countries like Pakistan. This study aims to develop a videogame intervention for children with cancer and test the clinical efficacy of the videogame concerning HRQOL and cancer treatment-related symptoms.

Social Determinants in COVID-19 Experiences of Children With Disabilities Receiving School-Based Services in Chicago: Mixed-Methods Study of Parent/Guardian Perspectives.

Objective: To identify the impact of social determinants on the experiences of children with disabilities and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of parents/guardians.

Methods: A mixed-methods study engaged parents/guardians of children with Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) in July to August 2021 at a developmental/behavioral pediatrics clinic in 1 urban academic medical center. All parents/guardians completed study-specific surveys on experiences and impact of COVID-19.

Barriers to Type 1 Diabetes Adherence in Adolescents.

Adolescence is a particularly crucial period of physical, emotional, and social development and adaptation, rendering these formative years rather challenging for individuals with chronic conditions like type 1 diabetes (T1D). Despite rapid improvement in diabetes therapies, adolescents with T1D are characterized by poorer adherence to treatment regimens compared with other pediatric age groups. Insufficient adherence is strongly related to low diabetes control, increasing morbidity, and risk for premature mortality.

Metagenomic characterization of viruses in the serum of children with newly diagnosed cancer.

Background And Objectives: A large cohort of pediatric patients with various forms of childhood cancer was investigated for the presence of viruses using metagenomics. A total of 476 patient samples, collected between 1989 and 2018, were analyzed, representing various pediatric oncological diagnoses and a control group of non-malignant diagnoses.

Study Design: The study was carried out using metagenomic sequencing of serum samples.

Federated learning-based prediction of depression among adolescents across multiple districts in China.

Depression in adolescents is a serious mental health condition that can affect their emotional and social well-being. Detailed understanding of depression patterns and status of depressive symptoms in adolescents could help identify early intervention targets. Despite the growing use of artificial intelligence for diagnosis and prediction of mental health conditions, the traditional centralized machine learning methods require aggregating adolescents' data; this raises concerns about confidentiality and privacy, which hampers the clinical application of machine learning algorithms.

Clinical and genetic spectrum of factor XII deficiency in the Han population of East China.

Background: Factor XII (FXII or F12) deficiency is a rare inherited disorder, typically lacking haemorrhagic symptoms. There is limited literature exists on FXII deficiency and mutations within the Chinese population. This study aimed to characterize the spectrum of F12 gene mutations in a Chinese cohort and to investigate the relationship between FXII mutations and clinical phenotypes.

Asthma and allergy trajectories in children based on combined parental report and register data.

Background: Trajectories of asthma and allergy in children are heterogeneous and commonly derived from parental report of disease or clinical records. This study combined parental-reported and register-based dispensed medication data to characterize childhood trajectories of co-existing asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema.

Methods: From a Swedish population-based birth cohort (N = 5654), survey responses collected at the age of 1, 4.

Promotive factors associated with reduced anxiety and depression across three years in a prospective clinical cohort of adolescents: Examining compensatory and protective models of resilience.

The rates of anxiety and depression increase across adolescence, many experience recurrence after treatment, yet longitudinal studies examining promotive factors are scarce. We prospectively examined the role of the promotive factors structured style, personal and social competencies, family functioning, and social resources in homotypic and heterotypic continuity and discontinuity of anxiety and depression across three years in a clinical sample. Participants were adolescents with anxiety or depressive disorders aged 13-18 years at T1 ( = 717, 44% initial participation rate) and aged 16-21 years at T2 ( = 549, 80% follow-up participation rate).

The development of a dietary nutrient density educational tool and the investigation of its acceptance by Chinese residents from Henan province.

Objectives: Helping residents select nutrient-dense foods is a strategy to improve their diet quality. However, communication based on the nutrient-dense foods as a positive attribute has not been widely used in nutritional education. This study aimed to develop an educational tool based on the picture and guidance of "Chinese food guide pagoda (2022) ", extend it with the concept of nutrient density, and investigate its acceptance by Chinese residents from Henan province.

Genetic testing in pediatric kidney transplant recipients to promote informed choice and improve individualized monitoring.

Background: The growing body of research on kidney disease in children has identified a broad spectrum of genetic etiologies.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the efficacy of an optimized genetic test and subclinical changes in a real-world context before kidney transplantation. All cases involved recipients under the age of 18 who underwent whole exome sequencing (ES) between 2013 and 2022.

Childhood Developmental Milestones and Risk of Adult Cerebrovascular Disease: The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.

Introduction: To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have examined the relationship between childhood developmental milestones and risk of adulthood cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). We studied whether the risk of adult CeVD is associated with delayed attainment of motor and language milestones.

Methods: Within the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, a total of 11,688 persons were followed from birth to either death, moving abroad or 54 years of age.