Gender-based support systems influencing female students to pursue a bachelor of medicine, bachelor of surgery (MBBS) in Rwanda.

Background: While Sub-Saharan Africa contains nearly one third of the global burden of disease, it only contains 3.5% of the healthcare workforce. Furthermore, female medical doctors are underrepresented across the continent.

Evaluation of Apixaban standard dosing in underweight patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Recent guidelines recommend using direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) as first-line agents in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Research is currently investigating the use of Apixaban in underweight patients, with some results suggesting altered pharmacokinetics, decreased drug absorption, and potential overdosing in this population. This study examined the effectiveness and safety of standard Apixaban dosing in adult patients with atrial NVAF weighing less than 50 kg.

The Prevalence of Tooth Wear and Their Associated Etiologies Among Adult Subjects Visiting Umm Al-Qura University Dental Clinic in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia.

In the past two decades, changing trends in socioeconomic status, dietary habits, and individual lifestyles of individuals have led to the emergence of tooth wear as an oral health problem. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the associated etiologies of tooth wear in a convenience sample of adult patients visiting outpatient clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry at Umm Al-Qura University. This cross-sectional study was conducted on adult patients (18-40 years old) visiting outpatient clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University.

Diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of Diamond-Blackfan anaemia syndrome: international consensus statement.

Diamond-Blackfan anaemia (DBA), first described over 80 years ago, is a congenital disorder of erythropoiesis with a predilection for birth defects and cancer. Despite scientific advances, this chronic, debilitating, and life-limiting disorder continues to cause a substantial physical, psychological, and financial toll on patients and their families. The highly complex medical needs of affected patients require specialised expertise and multidisciplinary care.

Unmasking May-Thurner Syndrome: A Case Report of Massive Deep Vein Thrombosis.

Deep venous thrombosis is a significant medical condition that results in life-threatening complications such as pulmonary embolism. Various factors can contribute to the formation of deep venous thrombosis, including prolonged immobility, surgery, and specific health conditions. May-Thurner syndrome is an underrecognized cause of deep venous thrombosis due to the compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery.

Blood pressure screening in Mata Sector, a rural area of Rwanda.

In rural sub-Saharan Africa, knowledge of non-communicable diseases such as high blood pressure (BP) is rather limited. This report provides information about a BP screening in Mata Sector, a rural region in Southern Province of Rwanda. Community-based, house-to-house screening was performed between February and July 2020 on more than 7000 inhabitants.

Incidence, Clearance, and Persistence of Penile High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Among Rwandan Men Who Have Sex With Men.

Background: Little is known about penile high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to determine the incidence, clearance, and persistence of penile hrHPV among Rwandan MSM.

Methods: We enrolled 350 MSM (345 with valid human papillomavirus [HPV] results) aged ≥18 years.

Colorectal cancer disease profile and treatment patterns at an urban tertiary hospital in Rwanda.

Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is rising, due to improving cancer registration efforts on one hand and an increasing westernisation of diets and lifestyle on the other as well as increasing rates of comorbidities.

Methods: We present data for the clinical characteristics, pathology, treatments received, and survival outcomes of patients diagnosed with CRC at King Faisal Hospital (KFH) between January 2019 and May 2023. KFH is an urban tertiary hospital in Rwanda that provides chemotherapy and surgery to cancer patients.

The Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Saudi Hospital.

Background: Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) has become a major public health problem all over the world. After the 2019 coronavirus illness (COVID-19), the pandemic may have influenced research priorities and resource allocation, potentially affecting the ability to monitor MRSA trends.

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of including MRSA infections, and their antimicrobial susceptibilities over the years 2019 and 2020 in a tertiary hospital in Makkah City, KSA.

Variations in choroidal thickness between emmetropic and myopic eyes after caffeine intake.

Purpose: To investigate the variations in choroidal thinning between emmetropic and myopic subjects after caffeine intake.

Methods: Forty-five healthy participants (age mean ± standard deviation [SD]: 20.75 ± 1.

Surgical Treatment of Late Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Bladder Exstrophy: A Case Report.

Case: We present a case of an 8-year-old boy with classical bladder exstrophy and a neglected right hip dislocation, exemplifying the risk of missed developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in patients with exstrophy requiring careful orthopaedic oversight.

Conclusions: When treating patients with bladder exstrophy, physicians and surgeons should be vigilant not to miss associated DDH. If this condition requires surgical treatment, preoperative planning with computed tomography scans is vital to uncovering the complexities arising from abnormal pelvic and acetabular anatomy and ensuring successful treatment outcomes.

Challenges to epilepsy management in Rwandan women living with epilepsy.

Background And Purpose: In Rwanda, epilepsy prevalence ranges between 29‰ and 49‰. Many women living with epilepsy (WwE) are of childbearing age. Epilepsy characteristics and management, contraception, pregnancy, puerperium and stigma in WwE presenting at the neurology clinic of Ndera, Rwanda, were investigated.

Radiological assessment of the inferior alveolar canal and mental foramen using cone beam computed tomography for pre-operative evaluation of surgeries in the mandible: A single-center five-year retrospective study.

Introduction: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) plays a significant role in studying the anatomical structures of the mandible.

Aim: This retrospective study aimed to assess the role of CBCT at the pre-assessment stage of mandibular surgery.

Materials And Methods: A total of 250 CBCT images were collected.

The Impact of Headgear on Distalization in Class II Division I Malocclusion: A Case Report.

This report presents a case of a 16-year-old female patient with skeletal class II and dental class II division I malocclusion that was treated with fixed orthodontic appliances and through growth modulation. Two appliances were used: a Hyrax expander and a high-pull headgear with extraction. The treatment objectives of achieving a class I molar and canine relationship, resolving the crowding in the upper and lower arches, correcting the midline shift, and improving the patient's facial profile and lip position were achieved, resulting in a good occlusion with normal overbite and overjet.

Single-Pill, Triple Antihypertensive Therapy in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa: Preliminary Experience.

Introduction: Worldwide, arterial hypertension is the foremost preventable and modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. In addition to lifestyle changes, recent international guidelines recommend single-pill, low-dose combinations as initial treatment strategy. We investigated whether this approach is feasible in a rural sub-Saharan Africa setting.

Solitary Keratoacanthoma of the Scalp: A Case Report.

Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a pruritic, rapidly growing cutaneous neoplasm originating from the infundibulum of the hair follicle on the sun-exposed area. Usually presents as a dome-shape with a centralized keratinous plug. Whether KA is benign or malignant is challenging due to its similarity to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Retraction: Vesicourachal Diverticulum: A Rare Cause of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20118.

Retraction: Fahr Disease: A Rare Cause of First-Time Seizure in the Emergency Department.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19965.

The initiative for medical equity and global health (IMEGH) resuscitation training program: A model for resuscitation training courses in Africa.

In high-income countries, outcomes following in hospital cardiac arrest have improved over the last two decades due to the introduction of rapid response teams, cardiac arrest teams, and advanced resuscitation training. However, in low-income countries, such as Rwanda, outcomes are still poor. This is due to multiple factors including lack of adequate resuscitation training, few trainers, and lack of equipment.