HIV OctaScanner: A Machine Learning Approach to Unveil Proteolytic Cleavage Dynamics in HIV-1 Protease Substrates.

The rise of resistance to antiretroviral drugs due to mutations in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) protease is a major obstacle to effective treatment. These mutations alter the drug-binding pocket of the protease and reduce the drug efficacy by disrupting interactions with inhibitors. Traditional methods, such as biochemical assays and structural biology, are crucial for studying enzyme function but are time-consuming and labor-intensive.

Controlled reconstruction of metal-organic frameworks coordination environment tuning as oxygen evolution electrocatalysts.

During the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), metal-organic framework (MOF) catalysts undergo structural reorganization, a phenomenon that is still not fully comprehended. Additionally, designing MOFs that undergo structural reconstruction to produce highly active OER catalysts continues to pose significant challenges. Herein, a bimetallic MOF (CoNi-MOF) with carboxylate oxygen and pyridine nitrogen coordination has been synthesized and its reconstruction behavior has been analyzed.

Sleep stages classification based on feature extraction from music of brain.

Sleep stages classification one of the essential factors concerning sleep disorder diagnoses, which can contribute to many functional disease treatments or prevent the primary cognitive risks in daily activities. In this study, A novel method of mapping EEG signals to music is proposed to classify sleep stages. A total of 4.

Investigating combined hypoxia and stemness indices for prognostic transcripts in gastric cancer: Machine learning and network analysis approaches.

Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is among the deadliest malignancies globally, characterized by hypoxia-driven pathways that promote cancer progression, including stemness mechanisms facilitating invasion and metastasis. This study aimed to develop a prognostic decision tree using genes implicated in hypoxia and stemness pathways to predict outcomes in GC patients.

Materials And Methods: GC RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed to compute hypoxia and stemness scores using Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) and the mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi).

A Scoping Review of Factors Associated with Delayed Extubation in Post Cardiac Surgery Patients.

Background: Delayed extubation (DE) after cardiac surgery is associated with high morbidity, mortality, increased length of stay in the intensive care unit, and hospital costs. Various studies have identified factors that influence the occurrence of DE in patients after cardiac surgery, but no review has systematically synthesized the results.

Purpose: This review aimed to identify the influencing factors and the leading causes of DE in patients after cardiac surgery.

Respiratory delivered vaccines: Current status and perspectives in rational formulation design.

The respiratory tract is susceptible to various infections and can be affected by many serious diseases. Vaccination is one of the most promising ways that prevent infectious diseases and treatment of some diseases such as malignancy. Direct delivery of vaccines to the respiratory tract could mimic the natural process of infection and shorten the delivery path, therefore unique mucosal immunity at the first line might be induced and the efficiency of delivery can be high.

Associations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with neuropsychological outcomes and cerebral white matter hyperintensities in older adults at risk of dementia.

Inflammation is becoming increasingly recognised as a core feature of dementia with evidence indicating that its role may vary and adapt across different stages of the neurodegenerative process. This study aimed to investigate whether the associations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with neuropsychological performance (verbal memory, executive function, processing speed) and cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) differed between older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD;  = 179) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI;  = 286). Fasting serum hs-CRP concentrations were grouped into low (<1.

Design of a graphene-based chiral trifunctional tunable terahertz metasurface.

Driven by the pressing demand for integration and miniaturization within the terahertz (THz) spectrum, this research introduces an innovative approach to construct chiral structures using dichroism as the target function. This initiative aims to tackle the prevalent issues of single-functionality, narrow application scope, and intricate design in conventional metasurfaces. The proposed multifunctional tunable metasurface employs a graphene-metal hybrid structure to address the critical constraints found in existing designs.

Three-step click assembly using trivalent platforms bearing azido, ethynyl, and fluorosulfonyl groups.

Divergent synthesis of triazoles was achieved using newly designed platform molecules possessing azide, alkyne, and fluorosulfonyl moieties. Consecutive conjugations by the sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange and following consecutive triazole formations allowed us to prepare a wide variety of bis(triazole)s by virtue of selective transformations. One-pot triple-click assembly of easily accessible modules led to the facile synthesis of middle-molecular-weight triazoles with various functional moieties.

Cognition, physical function and life purpose in the rural elderly population: a systematic review.

Introduction: Aging in rural areas is challenging and has very specific characteristics in the way these elderly people live their old age, from the perspectives of cognition, functionality and life purpose. There is a lack of information and data in the literature on how people age in rural areas around the world. The aim of this study was to identify and describe how people age in rural areas, focusing on the following domains: cognition, physical function/functionality and life purpose.

Pyrazoline Derivatives: Exploring the Synthesis and Development of New Ligands for Anti-Cancer Therapy.

Pyrazoline is a 5-membered ring that has two adjacent nitrogen. It has gained advanced attention from medical and organic chemists due to very low cytotoxic activities. It is applicable and more applied in research fields and has various pharmacological activities, including cardiovascular, anti-tumor, and anti-cancer properties.

Current Scenario in Associating Clinical COVID-19 Biomarkers for Developing Surveillance Platforms.

The novel coronavirus that caused the epidemic and pandemic resulting in the acute respiratory illness known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has plagued the world. This is unlike other coronavirus outbreaks that have occurred in the past, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). COVID-19 has spread more quickly and posed special challenges due to the lack of appropriate treatments and vaccines.

Electrically Active Biomaterials for Stimulation and Regeneration in Tissue Engineering.

In the human body, bioelectric cues are crucial for tissue stimulation and regeneration. Electrical stimulation (ES) significantly enhances the regeneration of nerves, bones, cardiovascular tissues, and wounds. However, the use of conventional devices with stimulating metal electrodes is invasive and requires external batteries.

The Effect of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Clinical Phenotypes of Sabahan Transfusion-Dependent β-Thalassemia Patients with Homozygous Filipino β-Deletion.

Sabah has the highest prevalence of β-thalassemia in Malaysia, with the Filipino β-deletion as the predominant mutation. Patients with the homozygous Filipino β-deletion exhibit phenotypic heterogeneity due to various genetic modifiers, yet the effects of these modifiers on the clinical phenotype remain poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of the coinheritance of α-thalassemia, I-γ rs7482144, rs766432, and 5'HS4 rs16912979 polymorphisms on the clinical phenotype of homozygous Filipino β-deletion patients in Sabah.

Efficient and Scalable Direct Regeneration of Spent Layered Cathode Materials via Advanced Oxidation.

Among direct recycling methods for spent lithium-ion batteries, solid-state regeneration is the route with minimal bottlenecks for industrial application and is highly compatible with the current industrial cathode materials production processes. However, surface structure degradation and interfacial impurities of spent cathodes significantly hinder Li replenishment during restoration. Herein, we propose a unique advanced oxidation strategy that leverages the inherent catalytic activity of spent layered cathode materials to address these challenges.

How patients and informal caregivers can be trained to effectively contribute to improved quality of healthcare services: action research on the development of the Dutch Patient As a Person Academy.

Objectives: Patient and public involvement is regarded as vital in fostering high-quality care. While involvement has clear societal advantages, it is still widely viewed as tokenistic and surrounded by issues of representation. This study aims to understand how patients and informal caregivers can be trained to effectively contribute to improved quality of healthcare services.

Radiation tolerance and biodegradation performance of a marine bacterium Acinetobacter sp. Y9 in radioactive composite oil-contaminated wastewater.

The tolerance and degradation characteristics of a marine oil-degrading strain Acinetobacter sp. Y9 were investigated in the presence of diesel oil and simulated radioactive nuclides (Mn, Co, Ni, Sr, Cs) at varying concentrations, as well as exposure to γ-ray radiation (Co-60). The maximum tolerable concentrations for Coand Ni were found to be 5 mg/l and 25 mg/l, respectively, while the tolerable concentrations for Mn, Sr, and Cs exceeded 400 mg/l, 1000 mg/l, and 1000 mg/l, respectively.

Stabilizing milk-derived extracellular vesicles (mEVs) through lyophilization: a novel trehalose and tryptophan formulation for maintaining structure and Bioactivity during long-term storage.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are widely investigated for their implications in cell-cell signaling, immune modulation, disease pathogenesis, cancer, regenerative medicine, and as a potential drug delivery vector. However, maintaining integrity and bioactivity of EVs between Good Manufacturing Practice separation/filtration and end-user application remains a consistent bottleneck towards commercialization. Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (mEVs), separated from bovine milk, could provide a relatively low-cost, scalable platform for large-scale mEV production; however, the reliance on cold supply chain for storage remains a logistical and financial burden for biologics that are unstable at room temperature.

Investigating resting-state functional connectivity changes within procedural memory network across neuropsychiatric disorders using fMRI.

Background: Cognitive networks impairments are common in neuropsychiatric disorders like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ). While previous research has focused on specific brain regions, the role of the procedural memory as a type of long-term memory to examine cognitive networks impairments in these disorders remains unclear. This study investigates alterations in resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) within the procedural memory network to explore brain function associated with cognitive networks in patients with these disorders.

Methanol-Enhanced Low-Cell-Voltage Hydrogen Generation at Industrial-Grade Current Density by Triadic Active Sites of Pt-Pd-(Ni,Co)(OH).

Methanol (ME) is a liquid hydrogen carrier, ideal for on-site-on-demand H generation, avoiding its costly and risky distribution issues, but this "ME-to-H" electric conversion suffers from high voltage (energy consumption) and competitive oxygen evolution reaction. Herein, we demonstrate that a synergistic cofunctional PtPd/(Ni,Co)(OH) catalyst with Pt single atoms (Pt) and Pd nanoclusters (Pd) anchored on OH-vacancy(V)-rich (Ni,Co)(OH) nanoparticles create synergistic triadic active sites, allowing for methanol-enhanced low-voltage H generation. For MOR, OH* is preferentially adsorbed on Pd and then interacts with the intermediates (such as *CHO or *CHOOH) adsorbed favorably on neighboring Pt with the assistance of hydrogen bonding from the surface hydrogen of (Ni,Co)(OH).

Preclinical and First-in-Human Study of a Compact Radionuclide Labeled Self-Assembly Nanomedicine for Chemo-Radio-Theranostics of Cancer.

The emerging combination of chemotherapy and radionuclide therapy has been actively investigated to overcome the limitations of monotherapy and augment therapeutic efficacy. However, it remains a challenge to design a single delivery vehicle that can incorporate chemotherapeutics and radionuclides into a compact structure. Here, a chelator DOTA- or NOTA-modified Evans blue conjugated camptothecin molecule (EB-CPT) nanoprodrug was synthesized, which could self-assemble into nanoparticles due to its inherent amphiphilicity.

Low-temperature catalytic oxidation of ethanol over doped nickel phosphates.

This work is focused on the synthesis and performance of Ni(PO)-based catalysts doped with Cu, Co, Mn, Ce, Zr, and Mg for the complete oxidation of ethanol, aiming at reducing emissions from ethanol-blended gasoline. Nickel phosphate was prepared via the co-precipitation method, followed by impregnation with the specified dopants. The catalysts were thoroughly characterized by XRD, N-physisorption, XRF, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, FESEM, NH-TPD, CO-TPD, and H-TPR to explain their performance.

Characterisation of Cannabis glandular trichome development reveals distinct features of cannabinoid biosynthesis.

Cannabis trichome development progresses in distinct phases that underpin the dynamic biosynthesis of cannabinoids and terpenes. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying cannabinoid and terpenoid biosynthesis in glandular trichomes of Cannabis sativa (CsGTs) throughout their development. Female Cannabis sativa c.

A Prototype of Ultrasensitive Time-Resolved Fluoroimmunoassay with Enhanced Fluorescence System for the Trace Determination of Urinary 8-Hydroxy-2`-Deoxyguanosine, the DNA Oxidative Stress Biomarker.

This study presents a new highly sensitive and specific time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) for the measurement of trace amounts of the urinary 8-hydroxy-2`-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) which is a biomarker for oxidative stress on DNA. The assay relied on a competitive binding approach and a mouse monoclonal antibody which recognized 8-OHdG with high specificity. In this assay, 8-OHdG conjugated with bovine serum albumin protein (8-OHdG-BSA) was employed as a solid phase antigen.