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HMGB1 is a protein that worsens outcomes after brain ischemia, while haptoglobin (Hp) can bind to it and help mitigate its negative effects.
In a study involving mice, administering Hp after inducing ischemia showed improvements in neurological function, motor coordination, and reduced brain damage over time.
Hp was found to decrease HMGB1 levels and favor the M2 macrophage/microglia phenotype, suggesting it may be a promising treatment for cerebral ischemia recovery.