Spatial structural abnormality maps associated with cognitive and physical performance in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: We aimed to characterize the brain abnormalities that are associated with the cognitive and physical performance of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) using a deep learning algorithm.

Materials And Methods: Three-dimensional (3D) nnU-Net was employed to calculate a novel spatial abnormality map by T1-weighted images and 281 RRMS patients (Dataset-1, male/female = 101/180, median age [range] = 35.0 [17.

Safety, Sequelae, and Efficacy of Nerve Root Clipping in Patients With Spontaneous Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks.

Background And Objectives: Spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks may cause a myriad of clinical symptoms, the most common being orthostatic headache. Lateral leaks (Type II) and direct CSF-venous fistulas (Type III) are a subgroup of spinal CSF leaks, representing about 1/3 of spinal CSF leaks. This study aimed to analyze the risk and efficacy of nerve root clipping in patients with Type II and Type III CSF leaks.

Visual perspective taking neural processing in forensic cases with high density EEG.

This EEG study aims at dissecting the differences in the activation of neural generators between borderline personality disorder patients with court-ordered measures (BDL-COM) and healthy controls in visual perspective taking. We focused on the distinction between mentalizing (Avatar) and non-mentalizing (Arrow) stimuli as well as self versus other-perspective in the dot perspective task (dPT) in a sample of 15 BDL-COM cases and 54 controls, all of male gender. BDL-COM patients showed a late and diffuse right hemisphere involvement of neural generators contrasting with the occipitofrontal topography observed in controls.

Standardized reporting for Head CT Scans in patients suspected of traumatic brain injury (TBI): An international expert endeavor.

Background And Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major source of health loss and disability worldwide. Accurate and timely diagnosis of TBI is critical for appropriate treatment and management of the condition. Neuroimaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and characterization of TBI.

Wearing a KN95/FFP2 facemask has no measureable effect on functional activity in a challenging working memory n-back task.

Introduction: Wide use of facemasks is one of the many consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We used an established working memory n-back task in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore whether wearing a KN95/FFP2 facemask affects overall performance and brain activation patterns. We provide here a prospective crossover design 3 T fMRI study with/without wearing a tight FFP2/KN95 facemask, including 24 community-dwelling male healthy control participants (mean age ± SD = 37.

Prediction of H3K27M Alteration Status in Brainstem Glioma Using Multi-Shell Diffusion MRI Metrics.

Background: Multi-shell diffusion characteristics may help characterize brainstem gliomas (BSGs) and predict H3K27M status.

Purpose: To identify the diffusion characteristics of BSG patients and investigate the predictive values of various diffusion metrics for H3K27M status in BSG.

Study Type: Prospective.

"Soap bubble" sign as an imaging marker for posterior fossa ependymoma Group B.

Purpose: To investigate the predictive value of the "soap bubble" sign on molecular subtypes (Group A [PFA] and Group B [PFB]) of posterior fossa ependymomas (PF-EPNs).

Methods: MRI scans of 227 PF-EPNs (internal retrospective discovery set) were evaluated by two independent neuroradiologists to assess the "soap bubble" sign, which was defined as clusters of cysts of various sizes that look like "soap bubbles" on T2-weighted images. Two independent cohorts (external validation set [n = 31] and prospective validation set [n = 27]) were collected to validate the "soap bubble" sign.

Neuroimaging in Dementia: More than Typical Alzheimer Disease.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. The prevailing theory of the underlying pathology assumes amyloid accumulation followed by tau protein aggregation and neurodegeneration. However, the current antiamyloid and antitau treatments show only variable clinical efficacy.

Amide proton transfer-weighted imaging of pediatric brainstem glioma and its predicted value for H3 K27 alteration.

Background: Non-invasive determination of H3 K27 alteration of pediatric brainstem glioma (pedBSG) remains a clinical challenge.

Purpose: To predict H3 K27-altered pedBSG using amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study included patients with pedBSG who underwent APTw imaging and had the H3 K27 alteration status determined by immunohistochemical staining.

Addressing Non-Communicable Diseases in Primary Healthcare in Kyrgyzstan: A Study on Population' Knowledge and Behavioral Changes.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Kyrgyzstan are responsible for 83% of all deaths. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of WHO "Package of Essential Interventions on NCDs" (PEN) on health education and counselling at primary healthcare in Kyrgyzstan. Interventions consisted of information diffusion in primary care facilities and in communities by trained volunteers.

Deep learning based on preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) images improves the predictive power of survival models in primary spinal cord astrocytomas.

Background: Prognostic models for spinal cord astrocytoma patients are lacking due to the low incidence of the disease. Here, we aim to develop a fully automated deep learning (DL) pipeline for stratified overall survival (OS) prediction based on preoperative MR images.

Methods: A total of 587 patients diagnosed with intramedullary tumors were retrospectively enrolled in our hospital to develop an automated pipeline for tumor segmentation and OS prediction.

Automated Classification of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors and Inflammatory Demyelinating Lesions Using Deep Learning.

Accurate differentiation of intramedullary spinal cord tumors and inflammatory demyelinating lesions and their subtypes are warranted because of their overlapping characteristics at MRI but with different treatments and prognosis. The authors aimed to develop a pipeline for spinal cord lesion segmentation and classification using two-dimensional MultiResUNet and DenseNet121 networks based on T2-weighted images. A retrospective cohort of 490 patients (118 patients with astrocytoma, 130 with ependymoma, 101 with multiple sclerosis [MS], and 141 with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders [NMOSD]) was used for model development, and a prospective cohort of 157 patients (34 patients with astrocytoma, 45 with ependymoma, 33 with MS, and 45 with NMOSD) was used for model testing.

Alzheimer resemblance atrophy index, BrainAGE, and normal pressure hydrocephalus score in the prediction of subtle cognitive decline: added value compared to existing MR imaging markers.

Objectives: Established visual brain MRI markers for dementia include hippocampal atrophy (mesio-temporal atrophy MTA), white matter lesions (Fazekas score), and number of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). We assessed whether novel quantitative, artificial intelligence (AI)-based volumetric scores provide additional value in predicting subsequent cognitive decline in elderly controls.

Methods: A prospective study including 80 individuals (46 females, mean age 73.

Prediction of H3 K27M-mutant in midline gliomas by magnetic resonance imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To summarize the predictive value of MRI for H3 K27M-mutant in midline gliomas using meta-analysis.

Methods: Systematic electronic searches of the PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to Jun 31, 2021, were conducted by two experienced neuroradiologists with the keywords of "MRI," "Glioma," and "H3 K27M." The hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristic (HSROC) model was used to calculate the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR +), negative likelihood ratio (LR -), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR).

Spatial-Temporal Patterns of β-Amyloid Accumulation: A Subtype and Stage Inference Model Analysis.

Background And Objectives: β-amyloid (Aβ) staging models assume a single spatial-temporal progression of amyloid accumulation. We assessed evidence for Aβ accumulation subtypes by applying the data-driven Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn) model to amyloid-PET data.

Methods: Amyloid-PET data of 3,010 participants were pooled from 6 cohorts (ALFA+, EMIF-AD, ABIDE, OASIS, and ADNI).

Personality Impact on Alzheimer's Disease - Signature and Vascular Imaging Markers: A PET-MRI Study.

Background: Several studies postulated that personality is an independent determinant of cognitive trajectories in old age.

Objective: This study explores the impact of personality on widely used Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular imaging markers.

Methods: We examined the association between personality and three classical AD imaging markers (centiloid-based-amyloid load, MRI volumetry in hippocampus, and media temporal lobe atrophy), and two vascular MRI parameters (Fazekas score and number of cortical microbleeds) assessed at baseline and upon a 54-month-follow-up.

Structural and functional hippocampal alterations in Multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Background: Hippocampal involvement may differ between multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).

Objective: To investigate the morphometric, diffusion and functional alterations in hippocampus in MS and NMOSD and the clinical significance.

Methods: A total of 752 participants including 236 MS, 236 NMOSD and 280 healthy controls (HC) were included in this retrospective multi-center study.

Prediction of Subtle Cognitive Decline in Normal Aging: Added Value of Quantitative MRI and PET Imaging.

Quantitative imaging processing tools have been proposed to improve clinic-radiological correlations but their added value at the initial stages of cognitive decline is still a matter of debate. We performed a longitudinal study in 90 community-dwelling elders with three neuropsychological assessments during a 4.5 year follow-up period, and visual assessment of medial temporal atrophy (MTA), white matter hyperintensities, cortical microbleeds (CMB) as well as amyloid positivity, and presence of abnormal FDG-PET patterns.

Prediction of H3K27M-mutant brainstem glioma by amide proton transfer-weighted imaging and its derived radiomics.

Purpose: H3K27M-mutant associated brainstem glioma (BSG) carries a very poor prognosis. We aimed to predict H3K27M mutation status by amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging and radiomic features.

Methods: Eighty-one BSG patients with APTw imaging at 3T MR and known H3K27M status were retrospectively studied.