Immunoreactivity of HOXB13 in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Is a Sensitive and Specific Marker of Rectal Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors.

HoxB13 is a transcription factor involved in defining of posterior endodermal derivatives, including prostate and rectum. While it is used as a marker of prostatic adenocarcinoma, it has not been studied systematically in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Thus, we performed HoxB13 immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays and the whole sections of 232 neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Refined criteria for p53 expression in ovarian mucinous tumours are highly concordant with TP53 mutation status, but p53 expression/TP53 status lack prognostic significance.

In gynecological neoplasms, immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of p53 is generally an accurate predictor of TP53 mutation status if correctly interpreted by the pathologist. However, the literature concerning cut-offs, frequency and prognostic significance of p53 staining in ovarian mucinous tumours is limited and heterogeneous. We performed an analysis of 123 primary ovarian mucinous tumours including mucinous borderline tumours (MBT), mucinous carcinomas (MC), and tumours with equivocal features between MBT and MC.

Sepsis-mediated renal dysfunction: Pathophysiology, biomarkers and role of phytoconstituents in its management.

Sepsis has evolved as an enormous health issue amongst critically ill patients. It is a major risk factor that results in multiple organ failure and shock. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most frequent complications underlying sepsis, which portends a heavy burden of mortality and morbidity.

Wireless Monitoring of Gastrointestinal Transit Time, Intra-luminal pH, Pressure and Temperature in Experimental Pigs: A Pilot Study.

Background: There is no single gold standard for investigation of gastrointestinal motility function. Wireless motility monitoring involves a novel concept which provides a complex information on gastrointestinal function (gastrointestinal transit time, intra-luminal pH, pressure and temperature). Gastrointestinal motility functions of experimental pigs are very similar to those of humans.

Somatic mutations of CADM1 in aldosterone-producing adenomas and gap junction-dependent regulation of aldosterone production.

Aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) are the commonest curable cause of hypertension. Most have gain-of-function somatic mutations of ion channels or transporters. Herein we report the discovery, replication and phenotype of mutations in the neuronal cell adhesion gene CADM1.

Microsatellite instability in non-endometrioid ovarian epithelial tumors: a study of 400 cases comparing immunohistochemistry, PCR, and NGS based testing with mutation status of MMR genes.

Testing of microsatellite instability is not only used as a triage for possible Lynch syndrome, but also to predict immunotherapy treatment response. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of mismatch repair deficiency (MMR-D)/microsatellite instability (MSI) in 400 cases of non-endometrioid ovarian tumors (high-grade serous, low-grade serous, mucinous and clear cell), to compare different methodological approaches of testing, and to assess the optimal approach for next generation sequencing (NGS) MSI testing. For all tumors, we evaluated immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of MMR proteins and assessed microsatellite markers by PCR-based method.

Histopathological findings of diseased ascending aortae with clinicopathological correlation - A single-centre study of 160 cases.

The most common reason for ascending aorta resection is an aneurysm or dissection. Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition in which an aneurysm is a crucial risk factor. The essential criteria for aneurysm resection include the diameter, genetic predisposition, and aortic valve disease.

Expression of neuroendocrine markers in meningeal and extrameningeal solitary fibrous tumors: a potential diagnostic pitfall.

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) may show unusual morphologies, and in such circumstances, an unexpected immunoprofile can be misleading. Following an index case of myxoid meningeal SFT with a neuroendocrine immunoprofile, we decided to assess a neuroendocrine profile in SFTs from various locations. The cohort of 9 meningeal and 28 extrameningeal SFTs was evaluated for CNS WHO grade (G1-G3) and 4-tiered Demicco risk stratification.

Selection of endogenous control and identification of significant microRNA deregulations in cervical cancer.

Introduction: Cervical cancer causes approximately 350,000 deaths each year. The availability of sensitive and specific diagnostic tests to detect cervical cancer in its early stages is essential to improve survival rates.

Methods: In this study, we compared two strategies for selecting endogenous controls: miRNA profiling by small-RNA sequencing and a commercially available microfluidic card with 30 recommended endogenous controls preloaded by the manufacturer.

A comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of 26 markers in 250 cases of serous ovarian tumors.

Background: We examined a large cohort of serous tubo-ovarian tumors with 26 immunohistochemical markers, with the aim to assess their value for differential diagnosis and prognosis.

Methods: Immunohistochemical analyses with 26 immunomarkers were performed on 250 primary tubo-ovarian tumors including 114 high grade serous carcinomas (HGSC), 97 low grade serous carcinomas (LGSC), and 39 serous borderline tumors (micropapillary variant, mSBT). The associations of overall positivity with clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated using the chi-squared test or Fisher's Exact test.

Renal cell carcinoma with intracardiac tumor thrombus extension: Radical surgery yields 2 years of postoperative survival in a single-center study over a period of 30 years.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with tumor thrombus extension into the right atrium (level IV) is a rare life-threatening clinical condition that can only be managed by means of a combined urological and cardiac surgical approach. The early and late outcomes of this radical treatment were analyzed in a large single-institution series over a period of 30 years.

Methods: In 37 patients with RCC and intracardiac tumor thrombus extension, nephrectomy was performed followed by the extraction of the intracaval and intracardiac tumor thrombus under direct visual control during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA).

A comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of IMP2 and IMP3 in 542 cases of ovarian tumors.

Background: IMP2 and IMP3 are mRNA binding proteins involved in carcinogenesis. We examined a large cohort of ovarian tumors with the aim to assess the value of IMP2 and IMP3 for differential diagnosis, and to assess their prognostic significance.

Methods: Immunohistochemical analyses with antibodies against IMP2 and IMP3 were performed on 554 primary ovarian tumors including 114 high grade serous carcinomas, 100 low grade serous carcinomas, 124 clear cell carcinomas, 54 endometrioid carcinomas, 34 mucinous carcinomas, 75 mucinous borderline tumors, and 41 serous borderline tumors (micropapillary variant).

Serum Citrulline and Ornithine: Potential Markers of Coeliac Disease Activity.

Introduction: To date, there is not generally accepted and universal indicator of activity, and functional integrity of the small intestine in patients with coeliac disease. The aim of our study was to investigate whether serum concentrations of the non-essential amino acids citrulline and ornithine might have this function.

Methods: We examined serum citrulline and ornithine concentrations in a subgroup of patients with proven coeliac disease and healthy controls (blood donors).

Designing of SiO mesoporous nanoparticles loaded with mometasone furoate for potential nasal drug delivery: evaluation and determination of pro-inflammatory interferon and interleukin mRNA expression.

The main objective of the current research work was to synthesize mesoporous silica nanoparticles for controlled delivery of mometasone furoate for potential nasal delivery. The optimized sol-gel method was used for the synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Synthesized nanoparticles were processed through Zeta sizer, SEM, TEM, FTIR, TGA, DSC, XRD, and BET analysis for structural characterization.

Phox2B is a sensitive and reliable marker of paraganglioma-Phox2B immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Phox2B is a transcription factor responsible for chromaffin cell phenotype. Although it is used routinely for diagnosis of neuroblastoma, previous reports concerning its utility in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms have been conflicting. We assessed Phox2b immunoreactivity in different neuroendocrine neoplasms.

High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy as an Organ-Sparing Treatment for Early Penile Cancer.

Background: Low-dose-rate brachytherapy is an effective organ-sparing treatment for patients with early-stage penile cancer. However, only limited data are available on the role of high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) in this clinical setting.

Methods: Between 2002 and 2020, 31 patients with early penile cancer were treated at our center with interstitial HDR BT at a dose of 18 × 3 Gy twice daily.

Cardiac myxoma with atypical cell population mimicking malignancy - a diagnostic pitfall.

Herein, a case of a 45-year-old woman is reported with left atrial myxoma showing unique histological findings mimicking malignancy. For 3 months before surgery, the patient suffered from a long-standing fever of unknown etiology, malaise and weight loss; she had no history of malignancy. The CT scan revealed a tumorous mass in the left atrium.

Metformin: Activation of 5' AMP-activated protein kinase and its emerging potential beyond anti-hyperglycemic action.

Metformin is a plant-based drug belonging to the class of biguanides and is known to treat type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The drug, combined with controlling blood glucose levels, improves the body's response to insulin. In addition, trials have identified the cardioprotective potential of metformin in the diabetic population receiving the drug.

Cauda equina neuroendocrine tumors show biological features distinct from other paragangliomas and visceral neuroendocrine tumors.

Cauda equina neuroendocrine tumors (CENETs) are neoplasms of uncertain histogenesis with overlapping features between those of paragangliomas (PGs) and visceral neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). We have explored their biological relationship to both subsets of neuroendocrine neoplasms. The clinical and radiological features of a cohort of 23 CENETs were analyzed.

Circulating Cell-Free DNA-Based Methylation Pattern in Saliva for Early Diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancer.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide due to tumor diagnosis at a late stage, loco-regional aggression, and distant metastases. A standardized diagnostic procedure for HNC is a tissue biopsy that cannot faithfully portray the in-depth tumor dynamics. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop simple, accurate, and non-invasive methods for cancer detection and follow-up.

Exploring the role of nanomedicines for the therapeutic approach of central nervous system dysfunction: At a glance.

In recent decades, research scientists, molecular biologists, and pharmacologists have placed a strong emphasis on cutting-edge nanostructured materials technologies to increase medicine delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). The application of nanoscience for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Huntington's disease (HD), brain cancer, and hemorrhage has the potential to transform care. Multiple studies have indicated that nanomaterials can be used to successfully treat CNS disorders in the case of neurodegeneration.

Pitx2 is a useful marker of midgut-derived neuroendocrine tumours - an immunohistochemical study of 224 cases.

Pitx2 is a transcription factor responsible for establishment of the right-left axis and development of the gut and pituitary. In mouse embryos, Pitx2 is expressed in the greater curvature of the stomach and midgut. Previously, Pitx2 was studied in pituitary neuroendocrine tumours but not in other NETs.