New diagnostic techniques for diagnosing facture-related infections.

The diagnosis of fracture-related infections (FRI) is challenging and requires interdisciplinary efforts. Many diagnostic approaches are based on the algorithms established for prosthetic joint infections (PJI). Data specific to FRI are limited.

Artificial Intelligence for Response Assessment in Neuro Oncology (AI-RANO), part 1: review of current advancements.

The development, application, and benchmarking of artificial intelligence (AI) tools to improve diagnosis, prognostication, and therapy in neuro-oncology are increasing at a rapid pace. This Policy Review provides an overview and critical assessment of the work to date in this field, focusing on diagnostic AI models of key genomic markers, predictive AI models of response before and after therapy, and differentiation of true disease progression from treatment-related changes, which is a considerable challenge based on current clinical care in neuro-oncology. Furthermore, promising future directions, including the use of AI for automated response assessment in neuro-oncology, are discussed.

Real-time imaging of cGMP signaling shows pronounced differences between glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes.

Recent clinical trials of drugs enhancing cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling for cardiovascular diseases have renewed interest in cGMP biology within the kidney. However, the role of cGMP signaling in glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) and podocytes remains largely unexplored. Using acute kidney slices from mice expressing the FRET-based cGMP biosensor cGi500 in endothelial cells or podocytes enabled real-time visualization of cGMP.

Accuracy of Preoperative Magnet Resonance Imaging to Predict Pathologic T-Stage in Patients With Cervical Cancer.

Background/aim: The trend in today's surgical gynecological oncology is to provide equal oncological safety with less radical surgery. The SHAPE trial demonstrated the non-inferiority of a simple hysterectomy compared to a radical hysterectomy in low-risk cervical cancer. As a result, the accuracy of preoperative diagnostics has become increasingly important to avoid both under- and overtreatment.

Impairments in personality functioning in adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

Objective: Impairments in personality functioning (PF) according to the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) may affect anorexia nervosa (AN) and its treatment. However, PF impairments in adolescents with AN have not been studied. This case-control study analysed PF impairments in adolescent inpatients suffering from AN compared to a clinical control group (CC) and investigated the relationship of PF with AN severity.

A novel screening instrument for the assessment of autism in German language: validation of the German version of the RAADS-R, the RADS-R.

The Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R) demonstrated excellent results in its original study, with a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 100% (Ritvo et al. in J Autism Dev Disord 41:1076-1089, 2011). As a result, it was included in the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines (Recommendations | Autism spectrum disorder in adults: diagnosis and management | Guidance | NICE, 2022).

Physiologists as medical scientists: An early warning from the German academic system.

"Medical scientists" are postgraduate investigators who are engaged in biomedical research, and either hold a biomedical PhD or are qualified in medicine but do not participate in patient care. Medical scientists constitute ~40% of staff at medical faculties and >90% at nonuniversity medical research institutions in Germany. However, medical scientists in Germany face limited long-term career prospects and a lack of dedicated training and support programmes.

EQUAL ABPA Score 2024: A Tool to Measure Guideline Adherence for Managing Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis.

Objectives: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a complex lung disease associated with significant morbidity. The ABPA Working Group (AWG) of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) revised their management guidelines in 2024, but there is currently no standardised tool to assess adherence to these recommendations.

Methods: We extracted key recommendations from the updated 2024 ISHAM-AWG guidelines, focusing on critical areas: screening and diagnosis of ABPA, managing acute and treatment-dependent ABPA, and monitoring treatment response.

ESTRO-EANO guideline on target delineation and radiotherapy for IDH-mutant WHO CNS grade 2 and 3 diffuse glioma.

Purpose: This guideline will discuss radiotherapeutic management of IDH-mutant grade 2 and grade 3 diffuse glioma, using the latest 2021 WHO (5th) classification of brain tumours focusing on: imaging modalities, tumour volume delineation, irradiation dose and fractionation.

Methods: The ESTRO Guidelines Committee, CNS subgroup, nominated 15 European experts who identified questions for this guideline. Four working groups were established addressing specific questions concerning imaging, target volume delineation, radiation techniques and fractionation.

Sex, Racial/Ethnic, and Regional Disparities in Pulmonary Embolism Mortality Trends in the USA, 1999-2020.

Background: While the National Institutes of Health emphasize integrating sex as a biological variable into research, specific considerations of sex-related differences in pulmonary embolism (PE) mortality trends remain scarce. This study examines sex-based PE mortality trends across regional and demographic groups in the USA from 1999 to 2020.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of National Center for Health Statistics mortality data from 1999 to 2020 was conducted.

Subthalamic Stimulation Improves Short-Term Satisfaction with Life and Treatment in Parkinson's Disease.

The effect of subthalamic stimulation (STN-DBS) on patients' personal satisfaction with life and their Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment is understudied, as is its correlation with quality of life (QoL). Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that STN-DBS for PD enhances satisfaction with life and treatment. In a prospective, multicenter study with a 6-month follow-up involving 121 patients, we measured the main outcomes using the Satisfaction with Life and Treatment Scale (SLTS-7).

Long-Term Human Immune Reconstitution, T-Cell Development, and Immune Reactivity in Mice Lacking the Murine Major Histocompatibility Complex: Validation with Cellular and Gene Expression Profiles.

Background: Humanized mice transplanted with CD34 hematopoietic cells (HPCs) are broadly used to study human immune responses and infections in vivo and for testing therapies pre-clinically. However, until now, it was not clear whether interactions between the mouse major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) and/or the human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) were necessary for human T-cell development and immune reactivity.

Methods: We evaluated the long-term (20-week) human hematopoiesis and human T-cell development in NOD Scid Gamma (NSG) mice lacking the expression of MHC class I and II (NSG-DKO).

Impact of Daily Lower-Body Negative Pressure or Cycling Followed by Venous Constrictive Thigh Cuffs on Bedrest-Induced Orthostatic Intolerance.

Background: Orthostatic intolerance occurs following immobilization in patients on Earth and in astronauts after spaceflight. Head-down tilt bedrest is a terrestrial model for weightlessness and induces orthostatic intolerance. We hypothesized that lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) or cycling followed by wearing venous constrictive thigh cuffs mitigates orthostatic intolerance after head-down tilt bedrest.

Neural Mechanisms of Social Interaction Perception: Observing Interpersonal Synchrony Modulates Action Observation Network Activation and Is Spared in Autism.

How the temporal dynamics of social interactions are perceived arguably plays an important role in how one engages in social interactions and how difficulties in establishing smooth social interactions may occur. One aspect of temporal dynamics in social interactions is the mutual coordination of individuals' behaviors during social interaction, otherwise known as behavioral interpersonal synchrony (IPS). Behavioral IPS has been studied increasingly in various contexts, such as a feature of the social interaction difficulties inherent to autism.

Decisional conflict and knowledge in women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants: An exploratory age group analysis of a randomised controlled decision aid trial.

Female BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant (PV) carriers face substantial risks for breast and ovarian cancer. Evidence-based decision aids (DAs) can facilitate these women in their decision-making process on an individually suitable preventive strategy. However, there is a gap in previous literature exploring whether DA effectiveness varies according to women's age.