-Acetylcysteine and a Specialized Preventive Intervention for Individuals at High Risk for Psychosis: A Randomized Double-Blind Multicenter Trial.

Background And Hypothesis: Clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) offers a window of opportunity for early intervention and recent trials have shown promising results for the use of -acetylcysteine (NAC) in schizophrenia. Moreover, integrated preventive psychological intervention (IPPI), applies social-cognitive remediation to aid in preventing the transition to the psychosis of CHR-P patients.

Study Design: In this double-blind, randomized, controlled multicenter trial, a 2 × 2 factorial design was applied to investigate the effects of NAC compared to placebo (PLC) and IPPI compared to psychological stress management (PSM).

Experiences of siblings and parents of children with congenital heart disease and exploration of siblings' support needs.

Research with siblings of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) is scarce, although more than one-third of them experience limitations on their quality of life. This interview study aims to explore the diagnosis-associated experience of German siblings of children with CHD, their interest in a potential intervention, and potential key topics and contextual conditions of such an intervention. Interviews with 10 siblings aged 10 to 21 and a respective parent were conducted from August to October 2021, resulting in 20 interviews.

Early identification of the nosocomial spread of vancomycin-resistant by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and performance comparison with PFGE and WGS.

Early detection of disseminating vancomycin-resistant (VREfm) in ICU wards is crucial for outbreak identification and the implementation of prompt infection control measures. Genotypic methods like pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) are costly and time-consuming, hindering rapid response due to batch dependency. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) offers the potential for real-time outbreak detection and reliable strain typing.

Defective mitochondrial COX1 translation due to loss of COX14 function triggers ROS-induced inflammation in mouse liver.

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) fuels cellular ATP demands. OXPHOS defects lead to severe human disorders with unexplained tissue specific pathologies. Mitochondrial gene expression is essential for OXPHOS biogenesis since core subunits of the complexes are mitochondrial-encoded.

Holding the therapy in CLLp53: mechanisms to achieve durable responses.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common leukemia, mainly affecting the elderly. Originating in the bone marrow, CLL involves the accumulation of B lymphocytes and progresses slowly, though 50-60% of patients will require therapy. At diagnosis, the presence of p53 protein aberrations, such as 17p deletion and TP53 mutation, arises in approximately one out of 10 patients.

Implementation of PET/CT in radiation oncology-a patterns-of-care analysis of the German Society of Nuclear Medicine and the German Society of Radiation Oncology.

Background: The use of positron-emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in radiation therapy (RT) has increased. Radiation oncologists (RadOncs) have access to PET/CT with a variety of tracers for different tumor entities and use it for target volume definition. The German Society of Nuclear Medicine (DGN) and the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO) aimed to identify current patterns of care in order to improve interdisciplinary collaboration.

German Society of Neurology guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairment and affective disorders in people with Parkinson's disease: new spotlights on diagnostic procedures and non-pharmacological interventions.

Background And Objective: Cognitive impairment and dementia as well as affective disorders are common and debilitating syndromes that develop in people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). The authors summarized recommendations for the 2023 updated German guidelines on "Parkinson's disease" from the German Neurological Society (DGN), focusing on the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.

Methods: The recommendations were based on literature reviews, other relevant guidelines, and expert opinions.

High success rate of first proficiency testing for RET fusions and RET mutations in lung and thyroid cancer samples by various methods.

This study describes the external quality assessment (EQA) scheme for molecular testing of RET alterations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC), and non-MTC. The lead panel institute and Quality Assurance Initiative in Pathology (Qualitätssicherungs-Initiative Pathologie [QuIP] GmbH) selected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue from MTC for RET mutation testing by next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods and FFPE tissue from NSCLC and non-MTC for RET gene fusion testing using either in situ hybridisation (ISH) or NGS methods, forming 3 sub-schemes of the EQA scheme. Tissue material underwent an internal validation phase followed by an external testing phase.

Long-Term Effects of the Multicomponent Program BrainProtect on Cognitive Function: One-Year Follow-Up in Healthy Adults.

Background: Age-related neuronal changes impact cognitive integrity, which is a major contributor to health and quality of life. The best strategy to prevent cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease is still debated.

Objective: To investigate the long-term effects of the eight-week multicomponent training program BrainProtect on cognitive abilities compared to general health counseling (GHC) in cognitively healthy adults in Germany.

Evaluation of a medical student-delivered smoking prevention program utilizing a face-aging mobile app for secondary schools in Germany: The Education Against Tobacco cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Background: To reduce smoking uptake in adolescents, the medical students' network Education Against Tobacco (EAT) has developed a school-based intervention involving a face-aging mobile app (Smokerface).

Methods: A two-arm cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted, evaluating the 2016 EAT intervention, which employed the mobile app Smokerface and which was delivered by medical students. Schools were randomized to intervention or control group.

An automatic measure for speech intelligibility in dysarthrias-validation across multiple languages and neurological disorders.

Introduction: Dysarthria, a motor speech disorder caused by muscle weakness or paralysis, severely impacts speech intelligibility and quality of life. The condition is prevalent in motor speech disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), atypical parkinsonism such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Improving intelligibility is not only an outcome that matters to patients but can also play a critical role as an endpoint in clinical research and drug development.

Targeted radionuclide therapy for gliomas: Emerging clinical trial landscape.

According to the new WHO classification of 2021, gliomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors with very different histology, molecular genetics, and prognoses. In addition to glioblastomas, the most common gliomas, there are also numerous less common gliomas, some of which have a very favorable prognosis. Targeted radionuclide therapy is a therapeutic option that can be attractive if a tumor can be targeted based on its molecular characteristics.

Development and validation of a score for prediction of postoperative respiratory complications in infants and children (SPORC-C).

Background: In infants and children, postoperative respiratory complications are leading causes of perioperative morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare utilisation. We aimed to develop a novel score for prediction of postoperative respiratory complications in paediatric patients (SPORC for children).

Methods: We analysed data from paediatric patients (≤12 yr) undergoing surgery in New York and Boston, USA for score development and external validation.

Proximity ligation-based sequencing for the identification of human papillomavirus genomic integration sites in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are an increasing cause of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC). Integration of the viral genome into the host genome is suggested to affect carcinogenesis, however, the correlation with OPSCC patient prognosis is still unclear. Research on HPV integration is hampered by current integration detection technologies and their unsuitability for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues.

Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection in Patients with Stage II Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumour.

Treatment de-escalation strategies in patients with seminoma with retroperitoneal metastases are being investigated in ongoing clinical trials. Primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection conducted by expert surgeons may avoid any cytotoxic treatment and related long-term side effects in ≥70% of patients with clinical stage IIA/B seminoma.

International Benchmark for Total Metabolic Tumor Volume Measurement in Baseline F-FDG PET/CT of Lymphoma Patients: A Milestone Toward Clinical Implementation.

Total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) is prognostic in lymphoma. However, cutoff values for risk stratification vary markedly, according to the tumor delineation method used. We aimed to create a standardized TMTV benchmark dataset allowing TMTV to be tested and applied as a reproducible biomarker.

Communication and support of patients and caregivers in chronic cancer care: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline.

• ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline with key recommendations for communication and support of cancer patients and caregivers. • The guideline discusses training in communication of oncology clinicians and research on communication in cancer care. • Practical recommendations aim to support oncology clinicians in their communication with patients and caregivers.

Transcranial direct current stimulation enhances effort maintenance in ADHD.

Background: Youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit increased effort aversion, likely due to deficits in anticipatory dopamine firing. Previous research has shown that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the right prefrontal cortex can enhance activity in dopaminergic meso-striatal regions. However, the extent to which this specific tDCS configuration effectively modulates effort behavior in anticipation of rewards in ADHD remains uncertain.