Mass cytometry analysis reveals altered immune profiles in patients with coronary artery disease.

Objective: The importance of inflammation in atherosclerosis is well accepted, but the role of the adaptive immune system is not yet fully understood. To further explore this, we assessed the circulating immune cell profile of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) to identify discriminatory features by mass cytometry.

Methods: Mass cytometry was performed on patient samples from the BioHEART-CT study, gated to detect 82 distinct cell subsets.

Association of Intima-Media Thickness Measured at the Common Carotid Artery With Incident Carotid Plaque: Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of 20 Prospective Studies.

Background The association between common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) and incident carotid plaque has not been characterized fully. We therefore aimed to precisely quantify the relationship between CCA-IMT and carotid plaque development. Methods and Results We undertook an individual participant data meta-analysis of 20 prospective studies from the Proof-ATHERO (Prospective Studies of Atherosclerosis) consortium that recorded baseline CCA-IMT and incident carotid plaque involving 21 494 individuals without a history of cardiovascular disease and without preexisting carotid plaque at baseline.

Bisphosphonate Drug Holidays: Evidence From Clinical Trials and Real-World Studies.

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are commonly used in the treatment of osteoporosis and are effective in the prevention of fragility fracture. Long-term use has been associated with the development of atypical femur fractures (AFFs) and osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). Drug holidays seek to reduce the risk of insufficiency fractures (AFFs) while maintaining durable effects of long-term treatment in the prevention of fragility fracture.

Vitamin D and Skeletal Muscle: Current Concepts From Preclinical Studies.

Muscle weakness has been recognized as a hallmark feature of vitamin D deficiency for many years. Until recently, the direct biomolecular effects of vitamin D on skeletal muscle have been unclear. Although in the past, some reservations have been raised regarding the expression of the vitamin D receptor in muscle tissue, this special issue review article outlines the clear evidence from preclinical studies for not only the expression of the receptor in muscle but also the roles of vitamin D activity in muscle development, mass, and strength.

Cerebrospinal fluid metabolomics: detection of neuroinflammation in human central nervous system disease.

The high morbidity and mortality of neuroinflammatory diseases drives significant interest in understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in the innate and adaptive immune response of the central nervous system (CNS). Diagnostic biomarkers are important to define treatable neuroinflammation. Metabolomics is a rapidly evolving research area offering novel insights into metabolic pathways, and elucidation of reliable metabolites as biomarkers for diseases.

Perivascular macrophages create an intravascular niche for CD8 T cell localisation prior to the onset of fatal experimental cerebral malaria.

Objectives: The immunologic events that build up to the fatal neurological stage of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) are incompletely understood. Here, we dissect immune cell behaviour occurring in the central nervous system (CNS) when ANKA (PbA)-infected mice show only minor clinical signs.

Methods: A 2-photon intravital microscopy (2P-IVM) brain imaging model was used to study the spatiotemporal context of early immunological events during ECM.

To sling or not to sling? Impact of intraoperative sling procedures during radical prostatectomy on postoperative continence outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the efficacy of intraoperative sling procedures in reducing postprostatectomy urinary incontinence compared to having no slings.

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane library from inception to November 2020 was performed. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized studies and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for nonrandomized studies.

The Hepatic Sinusoid in Aging and Disease: Update and Advances From the 20th Liver Sinusoid Meeting.

This is a meeting report of the 2019 Liver Sinusoid Meeting, 20th International Symposium on Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid, held in Sydney, Australia, in September 2019. The meeting, which was organized by the International Society for Hepatic Sinusoidal Research, provided an update on the recent advances in the field of hepatic sinusoid cells in relation to cell biology, aging, and liver disease, with particular focus on the molecular and cellular targets involved in hepatic fibrosis, nonalcoholic hepatic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cirrhosis. In addition, the meeting highlighted the recent advances in regenerative medicine, targeted nanotechnologies, therapeutics, and novel methodologies.