Associations of Cardiovascular Health Metrics in Childhood and Adolescence With Arterial Health Indicators in Adolescence: The PANIC Study.

Background: Our aim was to assess the relationships of cardiovascular health metrics, cardiorespiratory fitness, lean mass, and fat percentage with arterial structure and function from childhood to adolescence.

Methods And Results: Five hundred four children aged 6 to 9 years were examined in the PANIC (Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children) study at baseline, 2 and 8 years later. The associations of adjusted American Heart Association cardiovascular health metrics (smoking status, body mass index-SD score, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, diet quality, plasma total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, plasma glucose categorized into poor, intermediate, and ideal), the American Heart Association cardiovascular health score, cardiorespiratory fitness measured by maximal oxygen uptake in a bicycle exercise test, lean mass and fat percentage with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were analyzed cross-sectionally and longitudinally in 277 participants at age 15 to 17 years.

Impact of diabetes mellitus on tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis, and treatment from an immunologic perspective.

The coexistence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) presents a significant global burden, with DM being recognized as a major risk factor for TB. This review comprehensively analyzes the immunological aspects of DM-TB comorbidity, shedding light on the impact of DM on TB pathogenesis and immune responses. It reveals that high blood glucose levels in TB patients contribute to reduced innate immune cell count, compromised phagocytic function, and delayed antigen presentation.

Inter-rater reliability and clinical relevance of subjective and objective interpretation of videofluoroscopy findings.

Background: Dysphagia is commonly evaluated using videofluoroscopy (VFS). As its ratings are usually subjective normal-abnormal ratings, objective measurements have been developed. We compared the inter-rater reliability of the usual VFS ratings to the objective measurement VFS ratings and evaluated their clinical relevance.

Accumulating Sedentary Time and Physical Activity From Childhood to Adolescence and Cardiac Function in Adolescence.

Background: Increased physical activity (PA) may mitigate the negative cardiovascular health effects of sedentary behavior in adolescents. However, the relationship of PA and sedentary time from childhood with cardiac function in adolescence remains underexplored. Therefore, we investigated the associations of cumulative sedentary time and PA from childhood to adolescence with cardiac function in adolescence.

Computed tomography -defined sarcopenia is associated with long-term survival among patients undergoing open thoracic aortic reconstruction.

Background And Objective: As markers of sarcopenia, psoas muscle areas and indexes measured from computed tomography images have been found to predict long-term mortality in cardiothoracic as well as other surgical cohorts. Our objective was to investigate the association between psoas muscle status, taking into account muscle density in addition to area, and survival among patients undergoing open thoracic aortic reconstruction.

Methods: This was a retrospective registry study of a total of 451 patients treated with open surgery for thoracic aortic pathology.

Thrombus Aspirates From Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Are Infiltrated by Viridans Streptococci.

Background: Acute ischemic stroke may be due to embolism from ruptured atherosclerotic carotid arteries. DNA of oral bacteria, mainly the viridans streptococci group, has been detected in thrombus aspirates of patients with ischemic stroke as well as in carotid endarterectomy samples. Because viridans streptococci are known to possess thrombogenic properties, we studied whether their presence in thrombus aspirates and in carotid artery specimens can be confirmed using bacterial immunohistochemistry.

Gestational diabetes is associated with the risk of offspring's congenital anomalies: a register-based cohort study.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy-related disorder and a well-known risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. There are conflicting findings on the association of GDM with the risk of congenital anomalies (CAs) in offspring. In this study, we aimed to determine study whether maternal GDM is associated with an increased risk of major CAs in offspring.

Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke After Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Background Stroke incidence is elevated after acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The aim of this study was to characterize risk factors related to ischemic stroke (IS) after ACS. Methods and Results We conducted a retrospective registry study based on the data of 8049 consecutive patients treated for ACS between 2007 and 2018 in Tays Heart Hospital with a follow-up until December 31, 2020.

The RNA-binding protein Snd1/Tudor-SN regulates hypoxia-responsive gene expression.

Snd1 is an evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding protein implicated in several regulatory processes in gene expression including activation of transcription, mRNA splicing, and microRNA decay. Here, we have investigated the outcome of gene deletion in the mouse. The knockout mice are viable showing no gross abnormalities apart from decreased fertility, organ and body size, and decreased number of myeloid cells concomitant with decreased expression of granule protein genes.

The burden of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and its relation to asthma in Finland.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is commonly associated with asthma. Treatment of CRSwNP includes intranasal and systemic corticosteroids, with non-responsive patients commonly considered for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). This nationwide register-based study evaluated the incidence, prevalence, and treatment burden of CRSwNP in Finland, and their association with the presence and severity of comorbid asthma.

The gene variant for desmin rs1058261 may protect against combined cancer and cardiovascular death, the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study.

Desmin-containing intermediate filaments are a part of muscle cytoskeleton. We have previously reported that the wild-type cytosine/cytosine genotype of a common Desmin synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (C > T) (rs1058261) associated with cardiovascular diseases in a cohort of subjects from the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study. We now examined whether rs1058261 also associates with early death by following the cohort of 801 subjects from the age of 50 up to the age of 65.

Hyperventilation and Hypoxia Hangover During Normobaric Hypoxia Training in Hawk Simulator.

In military aviation during high-altitude operations, an oxygen or cabin pressure emergency can impair brain function and performance. There are variations in individuals' physiological responses to low partial pressure of oxygen and hypoxia symptoms can vary from one exposure to another. The aim of this study was to evaluate how normobaric hypoxia (NH) affects pilots' minute ventilation and 10 min afterwards on Instrument Landing System (ILS) flight performance in Hawk simulator during a tactical flight sortie.

Incidence of vaginal birth-related rupture of the pubic symphysis: A nationwide register study in Finland from 1998 to 2018.

Background And Purpose: To assess the incidence of vaginal birth -related rupture of the pubic symphysis in Finland from 1998 to 2018.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study using nationwide data from the Finnish Care Register for Health Care and the Finnish Medical Birth Register. As participants we included all ≥ 22-week pregnancies of women aged between 15 and 49 years from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2017.

Families' costs form a considerable part of total costs in bronchiolitis care.

Background And Aim: The burden of bronchiolitis is remarkable due to high morbidity in infants. The aim of this study was to evaluate bronchiolitis-associated costs for patients' families and the healthcare system.

Methods: This retrospective, descriptive study included 136 infants under 12 months of age treated at Tampere University Hospital, Finland, between October 1, 2018 and March 31, 2020, with bronchiolitis as the main diagnosis.

Viral wheezing in early childhood as a risk factor for asthma in young adulthood: A prospective long-term cohort study.

Background And Aims: There is an increased risk of asthma after viral wheezing episodes in early childhood, but unfortunately, prospective longitudinal data until adulthood are mostly lacking. The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the risk of asthma in young adulthood after hospitalization for viral wheezing episodes in early childhood.

Methods: The original cohort comprised 100 individuals aged <24 months who were hospitalized for viral wheezing episodes in 1992-1993.

Posture-Related Differences in Cardiovascular Function Between Young Men and Women: Study of Noninvasive Hemodynamics in Rural Malawi.

Background Cardiovascular risk is higher in men than in women, but little information exists about sex-related differences in cardiovascular function from low-income countries. We compared hemodynamics between sexes in rural Malawi in a cohort followed up since their birth. Methods and Results Supine, seated, and standing hemodynamics were recorded from 251 women and 168 men (mean age, 21 years; body mass index, 21 kg/m) using oscillometric brachial waveform analyses (Mobil-O-Graph).

Glycoprotein Acetyls: A Novel Inflammatory Biomarker of Early Cardiovascular Risk in the Young.

Background Low-grade inflammation in the young may contribute to the early development of cardiovascular disease. We assessed whether circulating levels of glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) were better able to predict the development of adverse cardiovascular disease risk profiles compared with the more commonly used biomarker high-sensitivity CRP (C-reactive protein). Methods and Results A total of 3306 adolescents and young adults from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (mean age, 15.

Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte stratification of prognostic staging of early-stage triple negative breast cancer.

The importance of integrating biomarkers into the TNM staging has been emphasized in the 8 Edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging system. In a pooled analysis of 2148 TNBC-patients in the adjuvant setting, TILs are found to strongly up and downstage traditional pathological-staging in the Pathological and Clinical Prognostic Stage Groups from the AJJC 8 edition Cancer Staging System. This suggest that clinical and research studies on TNBC should take TILs into account in addition to stage, as for example patients with stage II TNBC and high TILs have a better outcome than patients with stage I and low TILs.

Variant rs6749447 (T > G) in the serine threonine kinase gene is associated with cardiovascular complications, the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study.

We have previously shown an association of STK39 (serine threonine kinase) rs6749447 (T > G) with hypertension in the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study in 50-year-old subjects. These 1196 subjects were followed up to the age of 65 years to determine whether rs6749447 is also associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), transient ischemic attack (TIA), or early cardiovascular death.DNA samples were collected by buccal swabs and genotypes were determined by PCR.