Morgagni hernia presenting in a 68-year-old patient treated for pneumonia.

Key Clinical Message: We report an unusual case of an advanced congenital diaphragmatic hernia (Morgagni type) in an elderly patient, which was initially diagnosed and treated for pneumonia. Surgical repair through laparotomy is the method of choice in acute and complicated cases such as our patient. She was successfully treated surgically.

Pneumoretroperitoneum, pneumomediastinum, and neck emphysema due to rectal diverticulosis.

Intestinal diverticulosis is a chronic disorder that might present with acute symptoms, due to colonic perforation. Pneumoperitoneum and air bubbles spreading in different anatomical locations can be seen. These complications need careful consideration and, when appropriate, surgery, for an otherwise chronic condition that can be successfully treated through conservative measures.

A silent trio: Giant descending aortic aneurysm combined with coarctation and persistent left brachiocephalic truncus.

We report a case of an undiagnosed descending aortic aneurysm, combined with coarctation and persistent left brachiocephalic truncus in a 59-year-old male. It highlights the necessity for aortic imaging, when facing a poorly controlled hypertension.

A suppurated, fistulized lymphadenitis in the neck: The untamed tuberculosis.

Cervical lymphadenopathy is the most frequent form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Even in previously endemic countries where tuberculosis is well controlled, tuberculous lymphadenitis needs to be included in the differential diagnosis.

Incidental finding of thymic cyst in a newborn baby.

Thymic hyperplasia is a common finding among newborns, but cyst formation might produce mediastinal symptoms. Lethal outcome is reported when accompanied by massive intrathoracic hemorrhage. The clinical picture in our case was characterized from profuse multiple hemorrhagic foci and respiratory distress syndrome, with an unclear role of the thymic cyst.