Clinical pathways in the management of the obese: Pre- and postoperative aspects.

Introduction: Bariatric surgery (BS) leads to substantial weight loss accompanied by reversal of several obesity-related co-morbidities and reduced mortality. However, surgery is associated with risks and its nearly irreversible characteristic requires a clearly established pre- and postoperative clinical pathway. In France, this pathway relies on recommendations made by the High Authority of Health (Haute Autorité de santé (HAS)) in 2009; an update is awaited in 2023.

Long-chain -3 PUFA given before and throughout gestation and lactation in rats prevent high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in male offspring in a tissue-specific manner.

This study investigated whether long-chain -3 PUFA (LC -3 PUFA) given to pregnant rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet may prevent fetal programming in male offspring at adulthood. Six weeks before mating, and throughout gestation and lactation, female nulliparous Sprague-Dawley rats were given a chow (C) diet, HF (60·6 % fat from maize, rapeseed oils and lard) or HF in which one-third of fat was replaced by fish oil (HF -3). At weaning, the three offspring groups were randomly separated in two groups fed C diet, or HF without LC -3 PUFA, for 7 weeks until adulthood.

Contrasted central effects of n-3 versus n-6 diets on brain functions in diet-induced obesity in minipigs.

Introduction: N3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) exert anti-inflammatory effects for the hypothalamus, but their extra-hypothalamic outcome lack documentation. We evaluated the central consequences of the substitution of saturated fatty acids with n-3 or n-6 PUFA in obesogenic diets.

Methods: Twenty-one miniature pigs were fed obesogenic diets enriched in fat provided either as lard, fish oil (source for n-3 PUFAs), or sunflower oil (source for n-6 PUFAs) for ten weeks.

Dietary fatty acids and CHD: from specific recommendations to dietary patterns.

Several countries have issued dietary recommendations about total and specific fatty acid (FA) intake for the prevention of CHD. For many years until today, controversies have existed especially about the deleterious effect or not of SFA, and the protective effect or not of n-3 PUFA, so that some authors have criticised these recommendations. There are many reasons for these controversies, including the different conclusions of prospective cohort studies compared with randomised clinical trials (RCT), and the contradictory conclusions of meta-analyses depending on the quality, number and type of studies included.

Are marine -3 fatty acids protective towards insulin resistance? From cell to human.

Marine n-3 fatty acids improve most of the biochemical alterations associated with insulin resistance (IR). Experimental models of dietary-induced IR in rodents have shown their ability (often at a very high dose) to prevent IR, but with sometimes a tissue specific effect. However, in a high sucrose diet-induced IR rat model, they are unable to reverse IR once installed; in other rodent models (dexamethasone, Zucker rats), they are inefficacious perhaps because of the severity of IR.

Fatty acids: a role for Africa?

Health effects of fatty acids have been very controversial. Total mortality is inversely associated with the amount of total fat consumed. In contrast, trans fatty acids or SFA intake is positively related to mortality while the inverse is observed with consumption of MUFA or PUFA.