Preserved motion perception and the density of cortical projections to V5 in homonymous hemianopia.

Following a unilateral post-chiasmal lesion of the geniculo-striate pathway, patients develop homonymous visual field defects. Using classical perimetry, patients with 'complete' homonymous hemianopia are unaware of stimuli in the affected hemifield. However, some show preserved vision in the affected hemifield in which the conscious perception of moving stimuli is preserved (Riddoch phenomenon).

A worldwide assessment of the mechanical ventilation in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Analysis of the VENTILAGROUP over time. A retrospective, multicenter study.

Background: The trend over time and across different geographical areas of outcomes and management with noninvasive ventilation or invasive mechanical ventilation in patients admitted for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and treated with ventilatory support is unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe outcomes and identify variables associated with survival for patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [aeCOPD] who received noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation worldwide.

Methods: Retrospective, multi-national, and multicenter studies, including four observational cohort studies, were carried out in 1998, 2004, 2010, and 2016 for the VENTILAGROUP following the same methodology.

Bone Mineral Density Improvement After Resolution of Endogenous Cushing Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: We aimed to identify all evidence to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) improvement after resolution of endogenous Cushing syndrome (eCS).

Methods: Potentially eligible studies were identified from the EMBASE and PubMed databases from inception to February 2024, utilizing a search strategy incorporating terms related to "Bone mineral density" and "Cushing syndrome". Eligible studies must include patients diagnosed with eCS.

Proteomic Analysis Reveals Cadherin, Actin, and Focal Adhesion Molecule-Mediated Formation of Cervical Cancer Spheroids.

Cancer spheroids are spherical, three-dimensional (3D), in vitro assemblies of cancer cells, which are gaining importance as a useful model in cancer behavior studies. Designed to simulate key features of the in vivo tumor microenvironment, spheroids offer reliable insights for drug screening and testing applications. We observed contrasting phenotypes in 3D cervical cancer (CC) cultures.

A common form of dominant human IFNAR1 deficiency impairs IFN-α and -ω but not IFN-β-dependent immunity.

Autosomal recessive deficiency of the IFNAR1 or IFNAR2 chain of the human type I IFN receptor abolishes cellular responses to IFN-α, -β, and -ω, underlies severe viral diseases, and is globally very rare, except for IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 deficiency in Western Polynesia and the Arctic, respectively. We report 11 human IFNAR1 alleles, the products of which impair but do not abolish responses to IFN-α and -ω without affecting responses to IFN-β. Ten of these alleles are rare in all populations studied, but the remaining allele (P335del) is common in Southern China (minor allele frequency ≈2%).

Navigating pancreas transplant perceptions: assessing public sentiment and strategies using AI-driven analysis.

Background: Pancreas transplantation, a crucial treatment for diabetes, is underutilized due to its invasiveness, strict criteria, organ scarcity, and limited centers. This highlights the need for enhanced public education and awareness through digital health platforms.

Methods: We utilized Google's AI-driven, consensus-based model and Claude AI 3.

Targeted protein degradation of PDE4 shortforms by a novel proteolysis targeting chimera.

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) has a crucial role in many vital cellular processes and there has been much effort expended in the discovery of inhibitors against the enzyme superfamily that degrades this second messenger, namely phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The journey of competitive PDE inhibitors to the clinic has been hampered by side effects profiles that have resulted from a lack of selectivity for subfamilies and individual isoforms because of high conservation of catalytic site sequences and structures. Here we introduce a proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) that can specifically target a small subset of isoforms from the PDE4 family to send the enzyme for degradation at the proteasome by recruiting a ubiquitin E3 ligase into proximity with the PDE.

Can SGLT-2 inhibitors improve cardiovascular outcomes and ensure safety for patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure in Thailand? A real-world multicentre retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To assess the real-world effectiveness and safety of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and heart failure (HF) and to evaluate the associated risks of adverse events.

Design: A retrospective cohort study using propensity score analysis to control confounding variables.

Setting: Data were collected from the electronic health records of two large tertiary care hospitals in Thailand over a 12-year period (2010-2022).

Development and Validation of a Literature Screening Tool: Few-Shot Learning Approach in Systematic Reviews.

Background: Systematic reviews (SRs) are considered the highest level of evidence, but their rigorous literature screening process can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. This is particularly challenging given the rapid pace of medical advancements, which can quickly make SRs outdated. Few-shot learning (FSL), a machine learning approach that learns effectively from limited data, offers a potential solution to streamline this process.

Risk of agranulocytosis and neutropenia in patients with Parkinson's disease psychosis receiving clozapine treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess the cumulative incidence of severe neutropenia and agranulocytosis (SNA) and mild and moderate neutropenia (MMN) in patients with Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP) who receive clozapine treatment.

Methods: We searched multiple databases to identify clozapine studies in PDP patients. Incidence rates were assessed during short-term (within 1 month), medium-term (within 6 months), and long-term (> 6 months) monitoring periods.

Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors of Breast Cancer Survivors: A Scoping Review.

Objectives: This scoping review explored insight into the current evidence on adherence to health behavior guidelines, specifically diet and physical activity among breast cancer survivors.

Methods: A scoping review was conducted through databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus with Full Text in November 2022, following the JBI methodology. The search strategy combined the keywords i) diet OR nutrition OR eating OR exercise OR physical activity OR fitness and ii) breast cancer survivors OR patients with breast cancer.

Cold-pressed extraction of perilla seed oil enriched with alpha-linolenic acid mitigates tumour progression and restores gut microbial homeostasis in the AOM/DSS mice model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer.

The present investigation explores into the influence of dietary nutrients, particularly alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a plant-derived omega-3 fatty acid abundant in perilla seed oil (PSO), on the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC). The study employs a mouse model to scrutinize the effects of ALA-rich PSO in the context of inflammation-driven CRC. Perilla seeds were subjected to oil extraction, and the nutritional composition of the obtained oil was analysed.

An associate of suspicious axillary node and sentinel node in breast cancer to minimizing axillary surgery, prospective cohort study.

Background: Arm morbidity and postoperative complications following sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) are common problems in patients with breast cancer. The de-escalating axillary surgery is increasing; however, there is a lack of patients with suspicious nodes. This study aimed to reduce the need for SLNB in suspicious lymph node cases.

Rates, Risk Factors and Outcomes of Complications After COVID-19 in Children.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to various complications, including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and post-COVID-19 conditions (long COVID). This study aimed to determine the rates, risk factors and outcomes of MIS-C and long COVID in children previously diagnosed with COVID-19.

Methods: This study was a combined retrospective and prospective cohort study.

Development and Implementation of a Clinical Nursing Practice Guideline for Prevention and Management of Increased Intracranial Pressure in Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients.

Background: Hemorrhagic stroke is a serious condition that leads to high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly within the first 30 days following the stroke. One serious complication is increased intracranial pressure (IICP), which worsens neurological symptoms and can result in death or disability.

Purposes: To develop and implement a clinical nursing practice guideline (CNPG) for prevention and management of IICP in hemorrhagic stroke patients.

Myosin light chain kinase-mediated epithelial barrier dysfunction as a potential pathogenic mechanism of afatinib-induced diarrheas: A study in human colonoid model.

Diarrheas are an important adverse effect of afatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) anti-cancer drug, leading to mortality and morbidity in cancer patients with their pathophysiological mechanisms related to intestinal barrier dysfunctions being poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of afatinib on intestinal epithelial barrier integrity using a human colon-derived organoid model (colonoids). Afatinib (0.

Cesarean section with operation on placental support as an adapted EXIT procedure for fetal thyroid goiter: A case report and literature review.

The ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure is a specialized delivery strategy that extends utero-placental-fetal circulation to convert a potential neonatal emergency condition into a condition that is compatible with postnatal life. Cesarean section with operation on placental support is an EXIT technique that requires a relatively short duration of placental support and few skilled medical personnel and specialized instruments; it can successfully treat selected fetal indications. In the present study, we report a case of fetal thyroid goiter as an example of a fetal anomaly requiring the procedure.

Downregulation of and Its Impact on and Expression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Biomarker Discovery and Disease Pathogenesis.

Background: This study is designed to investigate the differential microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The focus is on miRNAs that play a crucial role in the onset and progression of T2DM, particularly in glucose metabolism, inflammation, platelet reactivity, and endothelial dysfunction.

Methods: Twenty samples were categorized into groups of T2DM and non-T2DM, and miRNA profiling was conducted using microarray analysis.

One Health governance: theory, practice and ethics.

One Health approach is a global public good (GPG) that invites governance to maximize the health of humans, animals, and the environment by shaping interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral collaboration. This paper explores the theoretical foundations, practical applications, and ethical considerations of the One Health governance architecture. At the theoretical level, One Health governance invites systems thinking and involves collaborative efforts among multiple stakeholders, applying across multi-layered scenarios and requires public-private partnership (PPP).

Features of gastrointestinal acute graft-versus-host disease in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objectives: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) commonly affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract among children who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Studies concerning GI-acute GVHD (aGVHD) in developing countries are limited. Therefore, our aims were (1) to demonstrate clinical characteristics, endoscopic and histopathological findings in children with GI-aGVHD post-HSCT and (2) to compare features, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of children with GI-aGVHD versus non GI-aGVHD.