A scoping review protocol on brain PaCO2 levels at altitude.

Background: Aeromedical transfer of patients with ischemic stroke to access hyperacute stroke treatment is becoming increasingly common. Little is known about how rapid changes of altitude and atmospheric pressure can impact cerebral perfusion and ischemic burden. In patients with ischemic stroke, there is a theoretical possibility that this physiologic response of hypoxia-driven hyperventilation at higher altitude can lead to a relative drop in PaCO2.

Epidemiological trends and healthcare disparities in onychomycosis: An analysis of the All of Us research program.

Onychomycosis is a common, difficult to treat nail disorder. Our objective was to explore disparities in current clinical management practices for onychomycosis in patients from underrepresented groups and with specific comorbidities. We conducted a cross-sectional study using the All of Us (AoU) research program.

Safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in non-emergent patients with a history of seizures: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is well established as a treatment for various medical conditions. However, it poses a risk of oxygen toxicity, which can cause seizures particularly in individuals with pre-existing seizure disorders. Consequently, seizure disorders are considered a relative contraindication to HBOT.

Analysis of RL electric circuits modeled by fractional Riccati IVP via Jacobi-Broyden Newton algorithm.

This paper focuses on modeling Resistor-Inductor (RL) electric circuits using a fractional Riccati initial value problem (IVP) framework. Conventional models frequently neglect the complex dynamics and memory effects intrinsic to actual RL circuits. This study aims to develop a more precise representation using a fractional-order Riccati model.

Metabolic consequences and tubular function after augmentation cystoplasty in children with neurogenic bladder.

Background: Many studies have reported the renal outcomes and metabolic consequences after augmentation cystoplasty (AC), however few studies have discussed changes in renal tubular function. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic disturbances, evaluate renal tubular function and 24-hour urine chemistry to evaluate the association between metabolic alterations and urolithiasis after AC.

Methods: We investigated serum biochemistry, blood gas, and 24-hour urinary metabolic profile of children who underwent AC between January 2000 and December 2020.

Eliciting Preferences for the Uptake of Smoking Cessation Apps: Discrete Choice Experiment.

Background: If the most evidence-based and effective smoking cessation apps are not selected by smokers wanting to quit, their potential to support cessation is limited.

Objective: This study sought to determine the attributes that influence smoking cessation app uptake and understand their relative importance to support future efforts to present evidence-based apps more effectively to maximize uptake.

Methods: Adult smokers from the United Kingdom were invited to participate in a discrete choice experiment.

The Combined Effect of Multisensory Stimulation and Therapist Support on Physical and Mental Health of Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Increasing life expectancy has led to a rise in nursing home admissions, a context in which older adults often experience chronic physical and mental health conditions, chronic pain, and reduced well-being. Nonpharmacological approaches are especially important for managing older adults' chronic pain, mental health conditions (such as anxiety and depression), and overall well-being, including sensory stimulation (SS) and therapist support (TS). However, the combined effects of SS and TS have not been investigated.

Mycotoxin exposure through the consumption of processed cereal food for children (< 5 years old) from rural households of Oshana, a region of Namibia.

Mycotoxin exposure from contaminated food is a significant global health issue, particularly among vulnerable children. Given limited data on mycotoxin exposure among Namibian children, this study investigated mycotoxin types and levels in foods, evaluated dietary mycotoxin exposure from processed cereal foods in children under age five from rural households in Oshana region, Namibia. Mycotoxins in cereal-based food samples (n = 162) (mahangu flour (n = 35), sorghum flour (n = 13), mahangu thin/thick porridge (n = 54), oshikundu (n = 56), and omungome (n = 4)) were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

"The Environment Fostered True Growth": Harnessing Coaching on an Innovative Medicine Sub-internship.

Background: Medicine sub-internships aim to prepare students for residency. However, the traditional sub-internship structure, with multiple learners at varied levels, poses obstacles to providing the clinical exposure, learning environment, and direct observation and feedback necessary to develop essential skills.

Aim: Investigate the educational experience of learners on a coaching-centered sub-internship (CCSI) on a resident uncovered ward service.

Serum FoxO1 and SIRT2 concentrations in healthy pregnant women and complicated by preeclampsia.

Background: Sirtuins and FoxO1 are reported to be important in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. This study aimed to investigate whether serum FoxO1 and SIRT2 concentrations differ between preeclampsia and normal pregnancy and also to compare these markers in early- and late-onset preeclampsia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 27 women with early-onset preeclampsia, 27 women with late-onset preeclampsia, and 26 healthy normotensive pregnant controls.

Exploring the neuroprotective benefits of phytochemicals extracted from indigenous edible fruits in Bangladesh.

The increasing incidence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and the constraints of existing treatment methods have spurred a keen interest in investigating alternative therapies. Medicinal plants, renowned for their long-standing use in traditional medicine, offer a hopeful avenue for discovering new neuroprotective agents. This study emphasizes the potential neuroprotective characteristics of edible fruit plants in Bangladesh, specifically focusing on their traditional folk medicine uses for neurological disorders.

TeMac™ ameliorates memory impairment and cholinergic dysfunction in rats induced by scopolamine.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with cognitive impairments which are linked to a deficit in cholinergic function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of TeMac™ to prevent memory impairment in scopolamine-rats model of Alzheimer's disease and by in silico approaches to identify molecules in TeMac™ inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. The cholinergic cognitive dysfunction was induced by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine (1 mg/kg daily) in male Wistar rats for seven consecutive days.

Morin, as a natural flavonoid, provides promising influences against cardiovascular diseases.

The present investigation evaluated the potential impacts of morin, a natural flavonoid, against cardiovascular disorders. Since inception until September 2024, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science have been searched extensively. The process involved eliminating duplicate entries and conducting a systematic review of the remaining studies post-full-text screening.

MiRNAs: main players of cancer drug resistance target ABC transporters.

Chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of cancer treatment; however, its efficacy is frequently compromised by the development of chemoresistance. Multidrug resistance (MDR), characterized by the refractoriness of cancer cells to a wide array of chemotherapeutic agents, presents a significant barrier to achieving successful and sustained cancer remission. One critical factor contributing to this chemoresistance is the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters.

Cu doped ceria nanoparticles- rhodamine B as a novel chemiluminescence system and its application for nitrite detection in water and food samples.

Fe, Ni, and Cu doped ceria nanoparticles (CeNPs) were prepared with a simple and one-pot hydrothermal synthesis method. We investigated the chemiluminescence (CL) interaction between these NPs and rhodamine B (Rh B) and found that the highest CL intensity was related to the Rh B- Cu doped CeNPs. We assigned that to the higher catalytic property of Cu doped NPs compared to the others.

Cluster analysis identifies the differential impact of disease activity and severity on functional status and patient satisfaction in rheumatoid arthritis: the FRANK registry.

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the differential impact of disease activity and severity on functional status and patient satisfaction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using cluster analysis on data from the FRANK registry.

Methods: Data from 3,619 RA patients in the FRANK registry were analysed. Patients were grouped using hierarchical and k-means cluster analyses based on age, physician's global assessment (PhGA), patient's pain assessment (PtPA), and Steinbrocker stage.

CD9/SOX2-positive cells in the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary gland exhibit mesenchymal stem cell characteristics.

Adult tissue stem cells of the anterior pituitary gland, CD9/SOX2-positive cells, are believed to exist in the marginal cell layer (MCL) bordering the residual lumen of the Rathke's pouch. These cells migrate from the intermediate lobe side of the MCL (IL-MCL) to the anterior lobe side of the MCL and may be involved in supplying hormone-producing cells. Previous studies reported that some SOX2-positive cells of the anterior lobe differentiate into skeletal muscle cells.

Study of the Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted infection, includes over 200 types, some linked to genital warts and various cancers, including cervical, anal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers. In Saudi Arabia, an estimated 10.7 million women aged 15 years and older are at risk of HPV-related cervical cancer.

Predictors of Bilateral Disease in Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Histopathologic Insights and Preoperative Ultrasonography.

Background: With the current shift toward de-escalation of surgical management in low-risk papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), understanding predictors and the clinical significance of additional tumors in the contralateral lobe is important. This study investigated the histopathologic predictors of bilateral disease in low-risk PTC patients and the utility of preoperative ultrasonography in guiding completion thyroidectomy decisions.

Methods: Patients treated with total thyroidectomy (TT) for low-risk PTCs (< 4 cm) at the Endocrine Surgical Unit of the Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney from 2013 to 2020 were identified from a prospectively maintained database.

Fracture liaison service (FLS) is associated with lower subsequent fragility fracture risk and mortality: NoFRACT (the Norwegian capture the fracture initiative).

Unlabelled: Subsequent fracture rates and associated mortality were compared before and after the introduction of fracture liaison service (FLS). In 100,198 women and men, FLS was associated with 13% and 10% lower risk of subsequent fragility fractures and 18% and 15% lower mortality. The study suggests that FLS may prevent fractures.

The relationship between hormonal contraceptives, level of anxiety and emotional awareness: pilot project.

An important part of the side effects of combined oral contraceptives (COC) usage is its psychological impact, which includes mood changes, anxiousness and depression. The psychological impacts are expected to be caused by physiological fluctuations of sex hormone levels during the menstrual cycle; this cycling is, however, suppressed in COC users. In our study, we assessed the differences in emotional awareness and anxiousness between women long term users of anti-androgenic COC (AA) and women with no COC use in their medical history (C).