Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum sialic acids enhance macrophage infection.

Leishmaniases affect millions of people around the world, caused by Leishmania parasites. Leishmania are transmitted by female sandflies from Phlebotominae subfamily during their blood meals. In mammals, promastigotes are phagocytosed mainly by macrophages, differentiate into amastigotes and multiply.

Investigation of Anti-Apoptotic Effects and Mechanisms of Astragaloside IV in a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Background: Ischemic stroke is a prevalent and life-threatening cerebrovascular disease that is challenging to treat and associated with a poor prognosis. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a primary bioactive component of Astragali radix, has demonstrated neuroprotective benefits in previous studies. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms through which AS-IV may treat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI).

A medical trailblazer in the Ottoman Empire: The legacy of Dr Caroline Frances Hamilton (1861-1944).

This article explores the life and work of Dr Caroline F. Hamilton, one of the pioneering female physicians sent from the USA to the Ottoman Empire in the late 19th century. Over a career spanning three decades, Hamilton provided critical medical care, especially to women, at the Azariah Smith Memorial Hospital in Aintab, overcoming legal, cultural, and political obstacles to become one of the first women licensed to practise medicine in the region.

Socioeconomic predictors of preventive health check-ups by a general practitioner in the Czech Republic.

Health is one of the Sustainable Development Goals. The importance of health promotion is growing in the context of an aging population and increasing life expectancy. Prevention is often underestimated and neglected by citizens.

Detection of neurologic changes in critically ill infants using deep learning on video data: a retrospective single center cohort study.

Background: Infant alertness and neurologic changes can reflect life-threatening pathology but are assessed by physical exam, which can be intermittent and subjective. Reliable, continuous methods are needed. We hypothesized that our computer vision method to track movement, pose artificial intelligence (AI), could predict neurologic changes in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists use and change in alcohol consumption: a systematic review.

Background: Despite the availability of various pharmacological and behavioural interventions, alcohol-related mortality is rising. This systematic review aimed to critically evaluate the existing literature on the association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists use (GLP-1 RAs) and alcohol consumption.

Methods: Electronic searches were conducted on Ovid Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, clintrials.

L-arginine in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 6: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.

Background: Therapeutic advancements for the polyglutamine diseases, particularly spinocerebellar degeneration, are eagerly awaited. We evaluated the safety, tolerability, and therapeutic effects of L-arginine, which inhibits the conformational change and aggregation of polyglutamine proteins, in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6).

Methods: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial (clinical trial ID: AJA030-002, registration number: jRCT2031200135) was performed on 40 genetically confirmed SCA6 patients enrolled between September 1, 2020, and September 30, 2021.

Impact of container type on the microbiome of airag, a Mongolian fermented mare's milk.

Airag, a fermented mare's milk in Mongolia, exhibits diverse flavors and microbiota due to distinct production processes and environments in nomadic households. Recently, there has been a shift from the traditional cow skin container, 'khokhuur', to a plastic container for airag production, potentially impacting the microbiota and quality. To address this notion, we aimed to elucidate the differences in the microbiota between airag samples from a plastic container and those from a khokhuur.

The alien A invasive does not infiltrate the native soil rhizobial symbiosis networks.

Using -rhizobia- interaction networks, we address first the soil invasion success of , and second, we report either -rhizobia partnership should form an isolated module within the symbiosis interaction network. Different indexes were used to determine model invasion success and the network topology. Our results indicated that invasion decreased soil microbial biomass, basal respiration, and enzymatic activities.

The role of avocado plant and its derivatives in the management of diabetes mellitus: a natural approach to glycemic control.

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is a global health challenge that leads to severe complications, negatively impacting overall health, life expectancy, and quality of life. Herbal medicines, valued for their accessibility and therapeutic benefits with minimal side effects, have been promoted as potential treatments. Managing conditions like diabetes, characterized by free radical production and cytokine-driven inflammation, is vital due to the active components in plants that exert direct pharmacological effects.

Cell-free supernatant of (RAMULAB51) from coconut inflorescence sap (Neera) enhances glucose uptake and PPAR-γ in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and inhibits α-glucosidase and α-amylase.

Introduction: Lactic acid bacteria are prized for their probiotic benefits and gut health improvements. This study assessed five LAB isolates from Neera, with RAMULAB51 (, GenBank ON171686.1) standing out for its high hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, antimicrobial activity, and enzyme inhibition.

Impact analysis of infant antibiotic exposure on the burden of asthma: a simulation modeling study.

Background: Infant antibiotic use is associated with increased risk of asthma. We examined the population impact of antibiotic exposure in the first year of life on the burden of pediatric asthma in British Columbia, Canada, using simulation modeling.

Methods: We performed a Bayesian meta-analysis of empirical studies to construct dose-response equations between antibiotic exposure in the first year of life and pediatric (<19 years of age) asthma.

Nigerian medicinal plants with potential anticancer activity-a review.

Despite the fact that life expectancies are increasing and the burden of infectious diseases is decreasing, global cancer incidence rates are on the rise. Cancer outcome metrics are dismal for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including sub-Saharan Africa, where adequate resources and infrastructure for cancer care and control are lacking. Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa, exemplifies the miserable situation.

Nasal Rehabilitation in a Patient After Basal Cell Carcinoma and Radiotherapy: A Case Report.

Nasal rehabilitation following basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and radiotherapy presents significant challenges due to the intricate balance between aesthetic and functional restoration. This case report discusses the rehabilitation of a 73-year-old male who underwent surgical excision and radiotherapy for BCC located on the left ala of the nose. Post-treatment, the patient experienced dissatisfaction with his facial appearance, negatively impacting his quality of life.

The sesquiterpene alcohol farnesol mitigates cadmium hepatotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress and NF-kappaB/NLRP3 inflammasome axis and upregulating PPARgamma in rats.

Farnesol (FAR) is a sesquiterpene alcohol that exists in many fruits and vegetables and possesses promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant known for its serious health effects. Liver injury associated with oxidative stress is a hazardous consequence of exposure to Cd.

Macro-level socioeconomic factors and mental health in midlife and older adults in China: a multilevel analysis.

Objective: This study explores the associations between four macro-level factors-Economic Development (ED), Economic Inequality (EI), Governmental Willingness and capacities to invest in Public Health (GWPH) and Public Health-Related Infrastructures (PHRI)-and three mental health indicators: depressive symptoms, cognitive function and life satisfaction, among middle-aged and older adults in China.

Materials And Methods: We obtained individual-level data from the Harmonised China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (H-CHARLS) 2018 and acquired our provincial-level data from the Chinese Statistical Yearbook. Two-level linear mixed models are used to examine the associations.

Internalized stigma level, family self-stigma, and family burden of patients receiving community mental health center services: a comparative, longitudinal study.

Introduction: The study aimed to evaluate, both comparatively and longitudinally, the effects of receiving services from community mental health centers on the stigma levels of patients and relatives and the burden of care for patients with severe mental illness.

Methods: The study was planned to be conducted on patients with severe mental illness [schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) and bipolar disorder (BD)] and their relatives, followed by the community mental health center (CMHC group) and the outpatient clinic (outpatient group). It was planned to provide psychoeducation to relatives once a month for 2 h; meetings with the case manager at least once every 2 weeks; and psychosocial interventions (social inclusion, daily life activities studies, etc.

An eco-friendly and cost-effective approach for the synthesis of a novel GA@CuO-ZnO nanocomposite: characterization, antimicrobial and anticancer activities.

In this study, a nanocomposite based on copper oxide-zinc oxide nanoparticles and Gum Arabic (GA@CuO-ZnO nanocomposite) was successfully synthesized using green method. Characterization results revealed that the prepared nanocomposite appeared at the nanoscale level, showed excellent dispersion, and formed stable colloidal nano-solutions. The bimetallic GA@CuO-ZnO nanocomposite was evaluated for its anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal properties.

Syphilis infection prevalence in the Middle East and North Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can be prevented and effectively treated; yet it continues to be a cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is a limited understanding of the epidemiology of syphilis in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.

Methods: A systematic review conducted up to April 30, 2024 assessed the prevalence of syphilis and followed PRISMA guidelines, without language and date restrictions.

Perception of the Importance of Inherited Genetics and Lifestyle on the Development of Chronic Diseases: A UK Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background And Aims: There is emerging evidence that genes, lifestyles and environment play a prominent role in the development of non-communicable diseases. Currently, there is not information on people's perception of inherited genetics vs. lifestyle on disease development.

The experiences of attending an international veteran sporting competition and preparatory camp for Team Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian conflict.

Introduction: This article offers unique insight into Team Ukraine's experiences of attending an international sporting event for veterans living with disability and injured active-duty personnel (the United States' Department of Defense Warrior Games, "The Games") and a 5-week preparatory camp in the United Kingdom (UK).

Methods: A survey gathered qualitative data at three time points: during the second and final week of training camp, and the in the two weeks immediately following participation at The Games. Forty-four out of 55 members of Team Ukraine (including veterans, active-duty personnel, support staff, and family members) provided responses in Survey 1, 20 in Survey 2, and 18 in Survey 3.

The impact of medication regimen complexity on patient-related and clinical outcomes in kidney failure: a systematic review.

Introduction: Kidney failure is a life-limiting condition that profoundly impacts an individual's quality of life. The significant medication burden on patients required to manage the comorbidities and complications of kidney failure can have implications for patient-reported and clinical outcomes.

Methods: This work systematically reviewed methods used to assess medication regimen complexity amongst adults with kidney failure, the associated patient-reported and clinical outcomes, and the effectiveness of interventions to address regimen complexity.

Effects of pain in lumbosacral stenosis and lifestyle-related factors on brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression profiles.

This study investigated the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in patients with degenerative lumbar stenosis, focusing on its expression and correlation with pain intensity. The study examined 96 patients with lumbar stenosis and 85 control participants. BDNF levels in the yellow ligamentum flavum were measured using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blot analysis.

Trends and projections of type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Asia: a three-decade analysis and forecast through 2031 using global burden of disease study (1990 - 2021).

Background: The rapid rise of non-communicable diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), poses a significant global public health challenge, with South Asia experiencing an increasingly severe burden. This study aimed to analyse historical trends of T2DM across South Asia from 1990 to 2021 and forecast incidence through 2031.

Research Design And Methods: We carried out analysis based on the data from the 2021 Global burden of disease study.

Effect of ketamine on anxiety: findings from the Ketamine for Adult Depression Study.

Background: Anxiety disorders and treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (TRD) are often comorbid. Studies suggest ketamine has anxiolytic and antidepressant properties.

Aims: To investigate if subcutaneous racemic ketamine, delivered twice weekly for 4 weeks, reduces anxiety in people with TRD.