Barriers and facilitators for preventing mother-to-child transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi and hepatitis B in the Gran Chaco region: a qualitative analysis using the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR).

Background: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of Trypanosoma cruzi and hepatitis B virus (HBV) increases morbidity and disability in Latin America and the Caribbean. The tailormade comprehensive antenatal care based on the Framework for the elimination of MTCT of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and Chagas disease (EMTCT Plus) has been implemented in the region since 2018 through a private-public partnership. This study aimed to estimate the effectiveness of the intervention in preparing MTCT of T.

"And that main artery's name is life": Ecosocial injury and resurgent care in Deanuleahki, Sápmi.

Based on 28 months of ethnographic research in Deanuleahki-a river valley in Sápmi, the transborder Indigenous Sámi homeland-this article traces my interlocutors' striving to reclaim and repair ecological and kin relations through the everyday praxis of care. I trace this striving through the unmaking and remaking of local relations of care amidst encroachment by post-Second World War Nordic welfare states and regimes of environmental stewardship. I propose a dual conceptualization of ecosocial injury and resurgent care to account for, on the one hand, care's alienation from its social and ecological contexts; and, on the other, the intimate everyday labor of revivifying relations of kinship and belonging, and conditions of material livability, within local ecologies.

Brief Outpatient Rehabilitation Program for Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) is emerging as a common and debilitating condition with few treatment options.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a brief outpatient rehabilitation program based on a cognitive and behavioral approach for patients with PCC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Patients with mild to moderate PCC were randomized 1:1 to an established transdiagnostic rehabilitation program or care as usual at a single referral center recruiting from the region of the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority.

Low Surgery Rates in Early Crohn's Disease: Results from a Prospective Population-Based Inception Cohort-The Inflammatory Bowel Disease in South-Eastern Norway III Study.

Background And Aims: The emergence of biologic therapy has coincided with a decline in surgery rates for Crohn's disease (CD). This study aims to describe the disease course, including intra-abdominal surgery rates, biologic therapy use, and variables associated with biologic therapy initiation in a cohort of newly diagnosed CD patients.

Methods: The Inflammatory Bowel Disease in South-Eastern Norway (IBSEN) III study is a population-based inception cohort study.

SEROCONVERSION CAN PRECEDE CULTURE CONFIRMED DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTION IN ASIAN ELEPHANTS () BY DECADES.

() infection was diagnosed in 16 human-managed Asian elephants () at four different US facilities. A retrospective review was performed to collate information on serological test results and describe the timelines from exposure to an elephant known to be positive for , detection of antimycobacterial antibodies in the exposed elephant, and isolation from the exposed elephant to confirm diagnosis. Seroconversion was defined by a positive test result using ElephantTB STAT-PAK, multiantigen print immunoassay, or DPP VetTB assay for elephants (Chembio Diagnostic Systems, Inc).

Pre-immunization of diet-induced obese male mice with inactivated pathogens increases power in a liraglutide intervention study.

Pre-immunization with inactivated antigens has been developed as an alternative to the use of 'dirty' mice, which in contrast to specific pathogen free (SPF) mice, harbour a range of pathogens. Within certain research areas, such mice are considered better models for humans than SPF mice, as they have an immune system that better mirrors human immunity. We inactivated murine adenovirus type 1 (FL), minute virus of mice, mouse hepatitis virus (A59), respirovirus muris (Sendai), Theiler's encephalomyelitis virus (GD7) and by ultraviolet irradiation.

A Conceptual Framework to Improve Resilience Among Undergraduate First-Year Nursing Students: A Mixed-Methods Study.

It is generally presumed that most undergraduate first-year nursing students are not prepared for the transition from basic to higher education. Resilience is recommended as a viable coping strategy that acts as a buffer to the adversities that undergraduate first-year nursing students experience. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a conceptual framework to improve resilience among undergraduate first-year nursing students at a South African university.

Does lower limb kinesio taping affect pain, muscle strength, and balance following fatigue in healthy subjects? A systematic review and meta analysis of parallel randomized controlled trials.

Background: Kinesio tape (KT) has gained popularity in sports and rehabilitation due to its ease of use and potential benefits. However, its effectiveness is not well understood especially in addressing fatigue, a condition that can impair muscle function and increase the musculoskeletal risk of injury. Given KT's potential impact on muscle activity and recovery, this review aims to evaluate the effects of lower limb KT on pain, strength, and balance following fatigue.

What competencies does an orthodontic postgraduate need?

Background: Competency frameworks are used to guide professional education and assessment. An orthodontic graduate needs various competencies. This study aimed to determine competencies and create a basic competency framework for orthodontic graduates.

Leveraging Lactobacillus plantarum probiotics to mitigate diarrhea and Salmonella infections in broiler chickens.

Anaerobic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), are known to play a significant role in maintaining gut health and protecting against enteric pathogens in animals. The present study aimed to develop a safe, affordable, and eco-friendly method for producing LP-based probiotics and evaluate their efficacy in mitigating Salmonella-induced diarrhea in broiler chickens. The study employed three different culture media (MRS, TSB, and Baird Parker) to grow LP, which was then dried using a spray-drying technique to produce a stable probiotic formulation.

Development of a 3D in vitro model to study corpus luteum of felids based on luteinized cells from antral follicles.

The study aimed to establish a long-term 3D cell culture model using luteinized follicular cells to investigate the functionality and life cycle of the CL in felids. A mixture of cell types from antral follicles was luteinized in vitro and cultured for up to 23 days. The method, initially applied to the domestic cat, was later extended to Persian and Clouded leopards.

Seasonal prevalence and geographical distribution of claw health in dairy cows: Investigation of the causal relationship with breed.

Claw disorders in dairy cattle represent a significant challenge, affecting animal welfare and farm productivity. This study investigates the prevalence, severity, and breed-specific responses of various claw lesions across 4 dairy breeds, Simmental, Alpine Grey, Reggiana, and Valdostana over different seasons and regions in Italy. A total of 131 farms and 2,223 animals were evaluated, consisting of 1,239 Simmental, 457 Alpine Grey, 221 Reggiana, and 306 Valdostana cows.

Significance of Targeted Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Using Rectal-culture Selective Screening Media Prior to Transrectal Prostate Biopsy: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To examine whether antimicrobial prophylaxis based on screening rectal cultures using selective media prevented acute bacterial prostatitis following transrectal prostate biopsy (TRPB).

Methods: In this multicenter, randomized controlled trial, we enrolled 403 patients undergoing TRPB with low risks of infectious complications. Patients were randomized into a cultured group (CG) or no cultured group (NCG).

Ancient genomes reveal a deep history of treponemal disease in the Americas.

Human treponemal infections are caused by a family of closely related Treponema pallidum that give rise to the diseases yaws, bejel, pinta and, most famously, syphilis. Debates on both a common origin for these pathogens and the history of syphilis itself has weighed evidence for the "Columbian hypothesis", which argues for an American origin, against that for the "pre-Columbian hypothesis", which argues for presence of the disease in Eurasia in the Medieval period and possibly earlier. While molecular data has provided a genetic basis for distinction of the typed subspecies, deep evolution of the complex has remained unresolved due to limitations in the conclusions that can be drawn from the sparse paleogenomic data currently available.

Association of Physiological Reserve Obtained from Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing and Frailty with All-Cause Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients.

Background: Potential impairment of exercise capacity is prevalent even in patients undergoing hemodialysis without frailty. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) can detect physiological reserves such as cardiopulmonary, muscle, and autonomic function. We hypothesized that these indices could accurately determine the prognosis of patients on hemodialysis and analyzed them based on their relationship to frailty.

Virtual reality-based myoelectric prosthetic control training: Effects of action observation and motor imagery with visual feedback of electromyographic signals.

Background: Conventional myoelectric prostheses (myo-prostheses) training involves repetitive grasping and manipulation training, which requires considerable training time. It is necessary to develop a short and efficient myo-prostheses training. This study aimed to verify the immediate and sustained effects of action observation and motor imagery (AOMI) using virtual reality (VR) on myo-prostheses control and clarify the effect of visual feedback of electromyogram (EMG) signals during AOMI using VR.

The race to disasters - is the international relief community ready for future disasters?

Background: Climate-related disasters have tripled in the past 30 years. Between 2006 and 2016, the global sea levels rose 2.5 times faster than the entire 20th century.

Unravelling the art of developing skilled communication: a longitudinal qualitative research study in general practice training.

Doctor-patient communication is a core competency in medical education, which requires learners to adapt their communication flexibly to each clinical encounter. Although conceptual learning models exist, information about how skilled communication develops over time is scant. This study aims to unpack this process of communication learning and to identify its facilitators.

Prevalence, risk factors, and species diversity of strongylid nematodes in domesticated Thai horses: insights from ITS-2 rDNA metabarcoding.

Strongylid nematodes represent a major health and performance concern for equids globally. However, the epidemiology of strongylid infections in horse populations remains largely unexplored in Thailand. This study investigated the prevalence of strongylid parasites and the associated risk factors in domesticated horses in Thailand.

Quality Assessment of Functional Claims of Salacia-Derived Salacinol-Containing Foods.

Background Functional claim-associated foods contain raw materials that contribute to enhancing health in Japan. However, certain foods with functional claims fail to meet the disintegration test (DT) criteria of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP). Objective This study assessed the quality of tablet-type, functional claim-associated foods containing Salacia-derived salacinol, using DT and weight variation (WV) tests.

Lack of Association Between Sodium Intake and Cytokine Levels.

Purpose: The complex pathogenesis of hypertension, potentially involving inflammatory pathways, remains elusive. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and inflammatory cytokines alongside C-reactive protein (CRP) in a nationwide Finnish sample.

Materials And Methods: 265 participants from the FINRISK 2002 study were included in the analyses.

Taiso practice and risk of functional disability and dementia among older adults in Japan: The JAGES cohort study.

Background: Taiso is a Japanese term encompassing meanings akin to calisthenics. Taiso is a widely used exercise program in Japan but whether it prevents functional disability and dementia remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the association between practicing Taiso, especially focusing on the well-known Radio-Taiso, and functional disability and dementia in older adults in Japan.

Transitional Care for Spinal Cord Injuries in Hong Kong SAR, China: A Narrative Review of the Local Experience.

Spinal cord injuries (SCI) are devastating conditions which often cause multiple permanent physical impairments and psychosocial complications. Discharge from hospital is often delayed and precious health resources are consumed. In Hong Kong SAR, China, the government welfare system and the public hospital system have worked together to address these problems through partnership with non-governmental organizations.