[Evaluation of Bacterial Identification Performance Using the I-dOne Measuring Device Based on the Principle of the ATR-FTIR Method].

Recently, mass spectrometers based on MALDI-TOF MS, which can rapidly identify microorganisms, have become widely used, contributing to the proper use of antimicrobial agents and diagnosis of infectious diseases through rapid reporting of bacterial species. We had the opportunity to evaluate the performance of the I-dOne, a microorganism identification system using the ATR-FTIR method. A total of 174 strains, 78 of 11 Grampositive bacteria and 96 of 12 Gram-negative bacteria, registered in the I-dOne database were used.

[Evaluation of Quick Chaser CD GDH/TOX, a Rapid Diagnostic Kit for Simultaneous Detection of Antigen and Toxin A/B, in Fecal Specimens].

For infections, highly sensitive rapid diagnostic test kits are necessary for prompt diagnose and infection control. In this study, we evaluated "Quick Chaser CD GDH/TOX" (evaluation kit), a rapid diagnostic kit for , using 65 clinical stool specimens, comparing with GE test immunochromato-CD GDH/TOX "Nissui" (GE test) and TECHLAB QUIK CHEK COMPLETE (QUIK CHEK). The results of the evaluation kit showed a high concordance rate; 100% the positive concordance rate (31/31) and 97.

Multicultural doula support and obstetric and neonatal outcomes: a multi-centre comparative study in Norway.

Background: Migrant women face an increased risk of poor obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Norway implemented a multicultural doula (MCD) program in 2018, which was designed to improve pregnancy care for this group in vulnerable circumstances. This study aimed to assess the impact of MCD support, provided in addition to standard care, on obstetric and neonatal outcomes for selected newly arrived migrants.

Pathological studies on skeletal muscle atrophy in common fish products from El-Jubail Province, Saudi Arabia.

In this study, 10 fish species, Jayan flounder (Pseudorhombus javanicus); Oriental sole (Eurgglossa arientalis); Oange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides); Blacktip trevally (Caranx heberi); Towbar seabream (Acanthopagrus bifascia); Smalltooth emperor (Lethrinus microdon); Spangled emperio (Lethrinus nebulous); Sharptooth hammer croaker (Johnius vogleri); Bigeye croaker (Pennahia anea) and Redspine thread bream (Nemipterus nemurus), were examined in El-Jubail province, Saudi Arabia, Arabian Gulf region over three years from 2017 to 2020. The examined fish species showed muscular atrophy in a total percent of 1.1%, but with variable percentages of affections in each species.

Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endangers Egyptian dairy herds.

The emergence of pandrug-resistant (PDR) and extensive drug-resistant (XDR) methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and VRSA) isolates from bovine milk samples along with biofilm formation ability and harboring various virulence genes complicates the treatment of bovine mastitis and highlights the serious threat to public health. This study investigated for the first time the frequency, antimicrobial resistance profiles, biofilm-forming ability, virulence factors, spa and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types of MRSA and VRSA isolated from clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis in Egypt. A total of 808 milk samples were collected from each quarter of 202 dairy animals, including 31 buffaloes and 171 cattle.

A meta-analysis assessing reliability of the Yale Food Addiction Scale: Implications for compulsive eating and obesity.

Food addiction (FA) is linked to eating disorders and obesity. The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), which has various versions in different languages, is widely used to assess FA worldwide. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the YFAS through reliability generalization meta-analysis (REGEMA).

Development of a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for Ritonavir characterizing exposure and drug interaction potential at both acute and steady-state conditions.

Ritonavir (RTV) is a potent CYP3A inhibitor that is widely used as a pharmacokinetic (PK) enhancer to increase exposure to select protease inhibitors. However, as a strong and complex perpetrator of CYP3A interactions, RTV can also enhance the exposure of other co-administered CYP3A substrates, potentially causing toxicity. Therefore, the prediction of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and estimation of dosing requirements for concomitantly administered drugs is imperative.

Preoperative skin asepsis in bovine surgery: an outcome-blinded 3-arm randomized clinical trial under non-sterile operating room conditions.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) following clean abdominal surgery in cattle pose significant economic and welfare concerns. Preoperative skin asepsis aims to minimize microbial load over the surgical field before and throughout surgery to minimize its risk. While chlorhexidine (CHX) and povidone-iodine (PVI) are commonly used antiseptics for this purpose, our study introduces the so far unexplored use of octenidine (OCT) in veterinary surgery.

Survey Results on the Awareness of Laboratory Animal Welfare among Medical Graduate Students.

To investigate the knowledge and attitudes of medical graduate students regarding laboratory animal welfare, a survey was conducted on 288 medical graduate students from the 2019 to 2023 cohorts through the final exam of the compulsory course 'Medical Laboratory Animal Science.' The survey included both closed and open-ended questions. We calculated the awareness rate from the cumulative student score/maximum score based on the questions and scoring rubrics.

Resilience in local Finnish health systems: how are leaders' approaches to change manifested in organisational crisis responses?

Purpose: Local health systems form the basis for health system resilience. Leaders' standpoints are crucial in advancing resilience capacities and change. This study analysed how local health system leaders' approaches to change reflect health system resilience capacities.

Triangulating evidence from the GALENOS living systematic review on trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonists in psychosis.

Background: Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonists offer a new approach, but there is uncertainty regarding their effects, exact mechanism of action and potential role in treating psychosis.

Aims: To evaluate the available evidence on TAAR1 agonists in psychosis, using triangulation of the output of living systematic reviews (LSRs) of animal and human studies, and provide recommendations for future research prioritisation.

Method: This study is part of GALENOS (Global Alliance for Living Evidence on aNxiety, depressiOn and pSychosis).

[Effect of the combination of "weight gain of more than 10 kg since age 20" and obesity on the new onset of diabetes mellitus].

Objective　Few reports have examined the association between "weight gain since the past combined with the presence of obesity" and diabetes mellitus (DM). Therefore, we longitudinally examined the influence of the combination of "weight gain of ≥10 kg since the age of 20 years" and the presence of obesity on the new onset of DM.Methods　We identified 8,704 National Health Insurance enrollees in Habikino City, Osaka Prefecture, who underwent specific health checkups in 2013.

The importance of microbiology reference laboratories and adequate funding for infectious disease surveillance.

Microbiology reference laboratories perform a crucial role within public health systems. This role was especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this Viewpoint, we emphasise the importance of microbiology reference laboratories and highlight the types of digital data and expertise they provide, which benefit national and international public health.

Physiological welfare indicators in wild cetaceans: Epidermal cortisol and oxytocin concentrations in stranded striped dolphins.

Anthropogenic pressures and climate change present growing challenges for cetaceans, as the combined effects of multiple stressors can jeopardize their welfare and survival. In this context, validating reliable individual welfare indicators is crucial for quantifying these impacts. This study aimed to validate a method for measuring cortisol and oxytocin from the epidermis of stranded striped dolphins (Stenella caeruleoalba) using enzyme immunoassays, while accounting for confounding factors such as epidermal layer and body location.

Association of the interaction between daily step counts and frailty with disability in older adults.

The differences in the association of objectively measured physical activity with disability between frail and non-frail older adults remain unclear. We (1) evaluated the dose-dependent relationship between daily steps and disability in older adults with and without frailty and (2) examined the interaction between steps and frailty status in relation to the risk of disability. This prospective study used data from 4065 adults aged ≥ 65 years from the Kyoto-Kameoka Study, Japan.

De-escalating and discontinuing disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis.

The development of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been highly successful in recent decades. It is now widely accepted that early initiation of DMTs after disease onset is associated with a better long-term prognosis. However, the question of when and how to de-escalate or discontinue DMTs remains open and critical.

Does lifting female piglets by one hind leg increase the risk of umbilical and hind leg lesions?

Background: Umbilical lesions in pigs have a negative impact on animal welfare and productivity. It has been suggested that lifting young piglets by one hind leg may be a risk factor for developing omphalitis and umbilical hernia. However, the hypothesis that lifting piglets by one hind leg should stretch the umbilical wall and impede the healing of the umbilicus has not yet been investigated.

Global impact of ten-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in all ages (the PSERENADE project): a global surveillance analysis.

Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) that are ten-valent (PCV10) and 13-valent (PCV13) became available in 2010. We evaluated their global impact on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence in all ages.

Methods: Serotype-specific IPD cases and population denominators were obtained directly from surveillance sites using PCV10 or PCV13 in their national immunisation programmes and with a primary series uptake of at least 50%.

GRADE-based procalcitonin guideline for emergency departments.

Procalcitonin is a useful biomarker for infection. Over the past two decades, there has been much research on the clinical applications of procalcitonin, yet the majority of these studies have been conducted in the intensive care setting. Despite the extensive use of procalcitonin in emergency departments, there have been no guidelines focusing specifically on these clinical settings.

Revamping Pace Distribution: A Case Study on Elevating the Men's 400 m Track and Field Japanese National Record After 32 Years.

Chiba, Y, Sato, K, Yoshimoto, T, Ohnuma, H, Yamanaka, R, Takahashi, K, Kobayashi, K, Matsubayashi, T, and Takai, Y. Revamping pace distribution: A case study on elevating the men's 400 m track and field Japanese national record after 32 years. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-Many studies have investigated the 400-m sprint, and the optimal pacing strategy is subject to debate.

Injury prevention programmes (IPPs) for preventing anterior cruciate ligament injuries.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To determine the benefits and harms of injury prevention programmes on anterior cruciate ligament injuries.